共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 531 毫秒
1.
2.
栗瘿蜂(DryocosmuskuriphilusYasumatus)是山东省板栗产区的主要害虫。近年在临沂等地为害日趋严重,严重影响板栗产量和品质,造成了很大的经济损失。为了控制该蜂扩大蔓延,摸清其发生规律,探求有效防治途径,1999～2001年作者对该虫进行了观察研究。1发生规律1.1生活史栗树萌芽前于果枝上罩纱网饲养,室内将新瘤和上年枯瘤置于纱罩内保温保湿培养,观察栗瘿蜂世代变化和习性。通过连续3a观察,栗瘿蜂在试验区内1a发生1代,以初龄幼虫在被害寄主新梢栗芽内越冬。翌年4月下旬栗树抽梢时栗瘿蜂开始活动,并在新梢上形成小型瘿瘤,幼虫在其中继续为害… 相似文献
3.
大灰象虫是福建省柑桔类果树的重要害虫之一,此虫在福州、閩侯地区,一年发生一代,少数二年完成一代。以成虫及幼虫在土中越冬。越冬成虫于3月底开始出土活动,取食新梢嫩叶及幼果。4月中旬为发生盛期并开始产卵,产卵期长达69—111天。卵期在4—6月間为7—12天,7—8月間为5—6天。4月下旬幼虫开始孵化,7月中旬以前孵出的幼虫,当年10月底开始羽化,羽化成虫在蛹室中越冬,翌年春暖出土;7月下旬以后孵出的幼虫,当年职幼虫在土室内越冬,幼虫期长372—400天,直到第二年9—10月間才化蛹、羽化,并以成虫越冬,第三年春暖出土。成虫食性复杂,不同食料植物对其寿命、产卵量、产卵期有很大影响。生活在桃树上成虫寿命最长,产卵数量也最多。防治方法,采取胶环捕杀或人工震落捕杀成虫收效很大。药剂方面,可噴射50％敌百虫400倍液或6％可湿性六六六及25％DDT乳剂混合液(1:1:200)效果甚好。 相似文献
4.
5.
桃象虫在福建闽侯一年发生一代,以成虫和幼虫在土中越冬。越冬成虫于2月间开始出土活动;以幼虫越冬者,其成虫出土约迟两个月左右;4月份为成虫出现的高峰期。成虫于3月下旬开始产卵,4月下旬为产卵盛期,6月上旬为产卵终期。成虫也在6月上旬绝迹。4月上旬果中幼虫始见,6月上旬发生最多。2月至6月是桃象虫一年中主要的为害时期。成虫为害花、叶及果实,以蛀害果实为主,因此引致相当数量的幼果脱落。4月上旬幼果期,成虫盛发之后落果最甚,虫害落果数占总落果数80%。3月下旬至4月中旬连续喷药2—3次除治成虫,对于保果有很大作用。6月上旬为幼虫脱果始期,老熟幼虫从树上蛀果或地面落果中脱出而入土。8月下旬以前大都潜居土下3寸之内,此后逐渐钻入土层深处,部分幼虫当年化蛹并羽化为成虫越冬。故5月下旬检拾落果和摘毁树上虫蛀果,以及在8月中、下旬结合桃树中耕除草,都是消灭幼虫的有效方法。0.1%敌百虫液剂,25?T 乳剂200—400倍液,可湿性6%γ666200—300倍液,或25?T 乳剂、可湿性6%γ666 1∶1∶400—600倍液,喷射防治成虫,药效达92.7—100%。 相似文献
6.
7.
核桃瘤蛾是北京市郊区核桃树的主要害虫之一。在北京地区一年发生两代。以蛹在梯田石填墙縫及地面石块下结茧越冬。翌年5月下旬开始羽化至7月中旬結束。第一代幼虫发生于6月上旬至7月下旬,第二代幼虫发生于8月上旬至9月下旬。室内药效测定結果表明,6％可湿性666(200倍液),50％可湿性DDT粉剂(300倍液),25％DDT乳剂(300倍液),砷酸鉛(200倍液),50％乐果乳剂(2000倍液),50％敌百虫乳剂(500倍液)对各龄幼虫的杀虫效果都很好。試驗表明,树干束革及树干周围开溝誘集丁树化蛹的幼虫效果更好,特别是在喷药有困难的山区,可以采用。 相似文献
8.
广肩小蜂Eurytoma sp.是花椒波瘿蚊Asphondylia zanthoxyli bu & Zheng的重要寄生天敌.广肩小蜂1年发生3代,以蛹在花椒波瘿蚊为害形成的虫瘿内越冬.第2年花椒发芽后在4月中旬越冬代成虫羽化;第1代成虫6月上旬羽化;第2代成虫8月上旬羽化.成虫产卵于花椒波瘿蚊幼虫为害后形成的虫瘿内;孵化后外寄生于花椒波瘿蚊幼虫,将寄主幼虫吃光后化蛹.越冬代寄生率达48.39%,第2年花椒发芽前剪除虫瘿枝可有效保护广肩小蜂种群数量. 相似文献
9.
苹果天社蛾是晉中果区后期害虫。以5龄幼虫为害最重,取食量約占整个幼虫期总食量的90％左右。幼虫期平均为31.2天。以蛹在寄主树下距主干1米以內,土深2—12厘米处,做土室越冬。越冬蛹分布的密度因寄主而不同。成虫羽化出土与7、8月份降雨量及越冬蛹深度有密切关系。成虫产卵及幼虫取食对寄主有一定的选择,榆叶梅最爱好,杏树、苹果次之。此虫年只一代。6月中旬成虫开始羽化,7月下旬达盛期。卵7月初出現,8月上旬为盛期。幼虫7月中旬开始为害,8月中、下旬达盛期。9月下旬幼虫逐渐老熟入土化蛹越冬。防治药剂以25％DDT乳剂、50％可湿性DDT、6％可湿性666 150—300倍液效果为佳。要求把幼虫消灭在4龄以前;也可結合秋耕挖蛹,注意果园植物的配置等措施进行防治。 相似文献
10.
为明确陕西关中酥梨产区梨茎蜂的发生规律,为有效防治提供依据,2019年-2021年,通过田间定期取样结合黄色粘虫板监测,系统调查了梨茎蜂生活史和成虫发生动态。结果表明,梨茎蜂在陕西关中一年发生1代,以老熟幼虫在梨树被害枝条内越冬。春季梨芽萌动时,梨茎蜂越冬幼虫开始化蛹,3月中旬成虫陆续羽化出枝,3月中下旬达到高峰,雌蜂造成的折梢高峰期紧随成虫发生高峰期;4月下旬幼虫为害枝梢髓部,8月下旬幼虫老熟后在被害枝条内越冬。黄色粘虫板不仅诱杀梨茎蜂成虫,同时也诱杀蜜蜂、瓢虫、草蛉、食蚜蝇和寄生蜂等有益昆虫。因此,应抓住梨茎蜂出枝盛期诱杀防治,一旦成虫数量大幅降低,及时解除黄板。 相似文献
11.
利用黄粉虫蛹人工繁殖白蛾周氏啮小蜂的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor L.蛹作为白蛾周氏啮小蜂Chouioia cunea Yang的人工寄主,在（28±0.5）℃条件下观察其发育历期,以不同蜂蛹比例进行接种,观察小蜂的寄生情况。结果表明,黄粉虫蛹能够满足白蛾周氏啮小蜂发育的营养需求,发育历期为17.2～22.9d,虽然成功寄生率只有75%左右,但基本可以满足常年大规模繁蜂的需要。不同接蜂比例对寄生率、出蜂蛹率和出蜂量有显著影响,蜂蛹比在2∶1以上较好。白蛾周氏啮小蜂在冷冻致死的黄粉虫蛹上也有产卵行为,但蛹内卵和幼虫量很少,它们在死亡寄主体内存活不超过72h。 相似文献
12.
L. K. Rieske 《EPPO Bulletin》2007,37(1):172-174
Dryocosmus kuriphilus , a cynipid gall wasp of Asian origin, was accidentally introduced into North America in 1974. The gall wasp attacks chestnut and causes rounded galls that reduce shoot elongation and fruit production, and cause twig dieback. Its geographic range in the eastern USA has expanded northward since its introduction, and now encompasses nearly 1.5 million square kilometres. Movement of infested plant material has allowed the establishment of separate satellite populations well removed from contiguous populations. The cryptic nature of the insect, lying within dormant buds for much of the year, makes the effectiveness of plant inspections questionable. An introduced parasite, Torymus sinensis , has successfully moved with expanding D. kuriphilus populations, and several native parasitoids are exploiting this exotic gallmaker. 相似文献
13.
The globally invasive chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus was recently reported in Italy and threatens European chestnut orchards and native forests. Of Chinese origin, this species has invaded Japan, Korea, the USA, Nepal and Europe and in each region it has been attacked by parasitoids exploiting oak gall wasps. Classical biological control using the parasitoid Torymus sinensis (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) successfully reduced infestation in Japan. Subsequent work in Japan and Korea showed this parasitoid to represent a poorly understood and biologically diverse species complex. Following its success in Japan, T. sinensis was released in Italy in 2005. A growing appreciation of the taxonomic and ecological complexity of the T. sinensis complex in Japan and Korea has stimulated ongoing DNA-based work on relationships and interbreeding of species in this group. Oak cynipid parasitoids provide potential for native augmentative or conservation biological control of D. kuriphilus in Europe. Exploitation of this potential requires improved understanding of the taxonomy of these parasitoids, particularly of morphologically highly conserved lineages such as Eurytoma and Eupelmus in which recognised species may contain many cryptic lineages. There is a growing need for a molecular survey of the communities centered on chestnut and oak gall wasps to: (1) ascertain the identity of T. sinensis lineages released in Italy (2) track the dispersal of T. sinensis in the native community, either in its original form or as hybrids with native species (3) identify possible biological control agents in the native parasitoid community. 相似文献
14.
A. Michaelakis D. Papachristos D. A. Chytas P. D. Antonopoulou P. G. Milonas D. N. Avtzis 《EPPO Bulletin》2016,46(2):290-294
After the first introduction of chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus, in Italy, it has spread rapidly in several other European countries, probably largely due to trade in chestnut plants. Despite the measures taken to prevent further spread of this pest to other countries, D. kuriphilus was detected in Greece for the first time in 2014. However, surveys have shown that the pest is still of very limited distribution in Greece. Having faced the damage caused by chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) over the last 50 years, the production of chestnuts in Greece is now seriously threatened by chestnut gall wasp, which has already caused extensive losses in chestnut production of other countries. In order to minimize the impact of chestnut gall wasp, control measures are being designed involving the release of the parasitoid Torymus sinensis. 相似文献
15.
白蛾周氏啮小蜂Chouioia cunea Yang是美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea的重要寄生性天敌。以柞蚕蛹为替代寄主的白蛾周氏啮小蜂繁育技术在该天敌的大量繁殖和美国白蛾的生物防治中发挥了重要作用。本文对白蛾周氏啮小蜂人工繁育过程中的补充营养和低温贮藏进行了研究。发现补充营养和水分都可明显延长白蛾周氏啮小蜂成蜂的寿命,以取食10%浓度蜂蜜水的白蛾周氏啮小蜂成虫寿命最长,雌虫为27.60 d,雄虫为7.82 d,与不饲喂对照相比最多能延长小蜂寿命到4倍左右;对正常发育的老熟幼虫期、蛹期及滞育的白蛾周氏啮小蜂分别进行0～70 d的冷藏试验,发现滞育的白蛾周氏啮小蜂老熟幼虫期最适合用于长期储藏,在3℃下冷藏70 d后出蜂率仍高达95%以上。 相似文献
16.
Pierluigi Bombi Cristiano Fedi Marzio Zapparoli Mario Cammarano Gabriele Guidolotti Emanuele Pallozzi 《国际虫害防治杂志》2019,65(2):147-153
The Asian chestnut gall wasp was accidentally introduced in Italy in 2002 and spread across Europe in the following years, becoming a serious threat for chestnut cultivations and rural economies of many countries. Exploring the variation in susceptibility of the host genetic resources is crucial to face the spreading of this pest. We used an experimental approach for testing the differential susceptibility within and between populations of European chestnut. For doing this, we compared both the infestation level and the rate of immune individuals in trees from populations of Spain, Italy, and Greece. We found that the level of infestation is not significantly different in the different provenances but that a higher rate of immune trees occur in Greece. Our results suggest that two different contingents of trees compose Greek populations: one major group of trees with the same susceptibility as the other populations and a second minor group of trees resistant to gall wasp infestation. Our data lay the basis for improving the currently adopted measures to mitigate gall wasp impacts. 相似文献
17.
柽柳柽瘿蚊的生物学特性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
报道了在新疆柽柳上造成虫瘿的齿腿柽瘿蚊、毛尾柽瘿蚊、土库曼柽瘿蚊和害柽瘿蚊。对4种柽瘿蚊分布、寄主植物、生活史、行为及对寄主植物的选择性等生物学特性进行了观察。4种瘿蚊造成柽柳枝条形成性状各异的虫瘿，多一室一虫。齿腿柽瘿蚊在新疆乌鲁木齐市一年4代，毛尾柽瘿蚊在新疆阜康一年1代，均以老熟幼虫在虫瘿中越冬；在室内养虫盒和罩笼中，齿腿柽瘿蚊平均产卵42粒，害柽瘿蚊平均产卵56粒，卵多单产。寄生齿腿柽瘿蚊、毛尾柽瘿蚊的寄生蜂均分别有姬小蜂科和金小蜂科各1种。寄生蜂对齿腿柽瘿蚊越冬代的寄生率为38．5％，第1代蛹末期为58．0％，第2代蛹末期为91．3％，第3代蛹末期为3．6％；对毛尾柽瘿蚊蛹期寄生率为58．8％。接种卵试验表明，齿腿柽瘿蚊可以在采自美国的盆栽多枝柽柳上成功地取食、造成虫瘿，但不能在盆栽杨树和柳树上取食、存活。 相似文献