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1.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the water and nitrogen use efficiency and some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of forage beet cultivars under the influence of different irrigation methods and nitrogen levels in two cropping years, 2017–18 and 2018–19, at Agricultural Research Station in Karaj, Iran. Experimental factors included the first factor with four irrigation methods (normal leakage, alternate furrow irrigation, fixed furrow irrigation, type (drip-strip)), the second factor was the amount of nitrogen fertilizer with three levels (150, 200 and 250?kg N ha?1) and the third factor included three forage beet cultivars (Sbsi052, Jamon and Kyros). Among irrigation treatments, alternate furrow irrigation and fixed furrow irrigation had the highest sugar content with 9.28% and 9.17%, respectively. The highest yield of digestible organic matter was obtained in leakage irrigation treatment, nitrogen fertilizer of 250?kg ha?1 and in Kyros at the rate of 19.45?t ha?1. The highest yield of root digestible dry matter, potassium, sodium and free nitrogen was observed in leakage irrigation treatment and consumption of 200?kg ha?1 nitrogen was observed in foreign cultivars. The highest crude protein was observed in alternate furrow irrigation conditions with a consumption of 200?kg ha?1 nitrogen in cultivar Sbsi052 at 13.08%. Leakage irrigation and type tape had the highest consumption efficiency and efficiency of nitrogen uptake with application of 150 and 200?kg ha?1 N, and the highest water use efficiency was also observed in leakage irrigation and type tape with application of 250?kg ha?1 N in domestic and foreign cultivars. The type irrigation method showed better quantitative and qualitative yield than the furrow irrigation methods. 相似文献
2.
Bacterial canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syrinage (Pss) in apricot has widely spread in Turkey, especially in Malatya province, in recent years. The main objective of this study was to determine resistance of apricot cultivars to bacterial canker caused by Pss in apricot cultivars grown in Turkey. During the 2006–2007 growing period, bacterial isolations were taken from diseased apricot trees in Malatya and 53 Pseudomonas syringae isolates were obtained. Forty-two isolates were determined as Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and 11 isolates as pv. morsprunorum. In a pathogenicity test, leaves of cv. Hacihalilo?lu were used and five Pss isolates (K24, K25, K43, K47 and K51) were detected to be the most virulent and were used to test for cultivar resistance to Pss. Leaves of fifteen apricot cultivars (Alyanak, Çatalo?lu, Çölo?lu, Erken A?erik, Hacihalilo?lu, Hasanbey, ?smaila?a, Kabaa?i, Karacabey, Sakit 2, So?anci, ?am, ?ekerpare, Tokalo?lu (Erzincan) and Turfanda Eski Malatya) were tested for resistance to Pss. Green shoots were spray-inoculated with a concentration of 10 8 cfu ml ?1 Pss mixed culture. Sprayed shoots were covered with moist plastic bags for 3 days and maintained in the growth chamber and monitored for symptom development. Hasanbey, Çölo?lu, So?anci and ?ekerpare apricot cultivars were resistant and ?am, Tokalo?lu (Erzincan) and Erken A?erik apricot cultivars were susceptible to Pss. This is the first report of a resistance source in apricot cultivars grown in Turkey against Pss. 相似文献
3.
Rumex obtusifolius is believed to be a nitrophilous weedy species that spreads mainly by seed. However, the effects of nutrient availability on seed production never have been investigated. In this study, how the amount of seed production per plant, the chemical composition of the seeds, and their size and germination are affected by the supply of N, P, and K was investigated. A pot fertilizer experiment with 10 treatments (combinations of 0, 150 [N1], and 300 [N2] kg N ha ?1, 0, 40 [P1], and 80 [P2] kg P ha ?1, and 0 and 100 [K] kg K ha ?1 applied twice per vegetation season) was carried out in Prague, Czech Republic, in 2008 and 2009. The seeds from plants that were cultivated since the spring were collected each August. The germination of the seeds was determined in long‐daylight conditions at a stable temperature of 20°C. The number of seeds per plant ranged from 0 in the P1 and P2 treatments and <200 in the control and K treatments to almost 9000 in the N2P2K treatment. The number of seeds per plant was positively correlated with the number of stems per plant and the number of seeds per stem. The relationship between the amount of seeds per plant and the individual seed weight was positive. The concentration of N, P, and K in the seeds was affected by the treatments. The weight of 1000 seeds ranged from 1.3 to 1.7 g. The seed length ranged from 2.11 to 2.34 mm and the seed width varied from 1.26 to 1.42 mm. With the exception of the control (with 94% germination), the amount of seed germination was >98% in all the other treatments in 2008. In 2009, the amount of seed germination was >95% in all the treatments, except N1 and N2, where 93% and 89% germination, respectively, was recorded. The germination rate was positively related to the P concentration in the seeds. The amount of time that was necessary for 50% seed germination ranged from 1.53 to 2.89 days and was not related to the N concentration in the seeds, but it was negatively related to the P and K concentrations. A balanced N, P, and K supply to the mother plant strongly affected the number of produced seeds and their chemical composition and germination ability. 相似文献
4.
Salinity is a crucial problem which has affected crop productivity globally. Ascorbic acid is considered helpful against abiotic stresses due to its powerful antioxidant potential. In the pot experiment, salinity stress (0, 35, 70, and 105?mM) was applied to sweet peppers in split doses after 20 days of transplantation. To mitigate the adverse effects of salinity, ascorbic acid (0, 0.40, 0.80, and 1.20?mM) was applied as foliar spray after a 6-day interval during vegetative growth. Sweet pepper plants sprayed with distilled water (control) recorded maximum plant height (cm), leaf area (cm2), number of branches, stem diameter (mm), number of fruit plant?1, fruit diameter (cm), yield plant?1 (g), and chlorophyll content (mg 100?g?1), while the maximum polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity (unit mg protein?1 min?1) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity (unit mg protein?1 min?1) were recorded in plants treated with 70?mM NaCl application. Salinity stress beyond 70?mM significantly reduced all the studied parameters. An ascorbic acid concentration of 1.20?mM significantly mitigated the negative effects of salt stress and recorded maximum plant height (cm), number of leaves plant?1, leaf area (cm2), number of branches plant?1, stem diameter (mm), number of fruit plant?1, fruit diameter (cm), yield plant?1 (g), chlorophyll content (mg 100?g?1), PPO activity (unit mg protein?1 min?1), and APX activity (unit mg protein?1 min?1). Hence, a 1.20?mM concentration of foliar ascorbic acid could be used in saline conditions up to 70?mM of sodium chloride (NaCl) for better growth, productivity, and enzymatic activity of sweet peppers. 相似文献
5.
Colletotrichum acutatum causes anthracnose on peppers ( Capsicum spp.), resulting in severe yield losses in Taiwan. Fungal isolates Coll-153, Coll-365 and Coll-524 collected from diseased peppers were found to differ in pathogenicity. Pathogenicity assays on various index plants revealed that Coll-524 was highly virulent and Coll-153 was moderately virulent to three commercially available pepper cultivars. Both isolates induced anthracnose lesions and produced abundant conidia. Coll-365 was only weakly virulent on pepper fruit, where it caused small lesions and hardly produced conidia on pepper fruit. However, Coll-365 was highly pathogenic to tomato fruit and mango leaves, where it caused anthracnose lesions and formed acervuli and conidia. All three isolates showed similar abilities in the attachment and germination of conidia, formation of highly branched hyphae and appressoria, penetration of cuticles, and infection of epidermal cells on chili peppers. Coll-365 accumulated less turgor pressure in appressoria but produced higher levels of cutinase and protease activity than Coll-153 and Coll-524 did. All three isolates invaded the neighbouring cells through plasmodesmata in chili peppers and showed similar pectinase or cellulase activities in culture. However, the most virulent strain Coll-524 expressed stronger laccase activity and was more resistant to capsaicin compared to Coll-153 and Coll-365. The three isolates are different in numbers and sizes of double-stranded RNAs. Depending on the cultivar genotypes, cellular resistance of chili pepper to C. acutatum might rely on the ability to restrict penetration, colonization, or conidiation of the pathogen. We conclude that the differences in pathogenicity among the three C. acutatum isolates of pepper are attributed to their ability to colonize the host plant. 相似文献
6.
The spider mites Tetranychus urticae Koch and Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Tetranychidae) cause severe economic losses to vegetable farms and deciduous fruit orchards in Turkey. One of their
predators, the ladybird beetle Stethorus gilvifrons (Muls.) (Col., Coccinellidae), aggregates on mite-infested patches of plants. The present study assessed whether there is
a role for herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) and/or odors emitted directly from these two mite species in the aggregative
response of ladybird beetles. The olfactory responses of the predator females to volatiles from T. urticae- and/or P. ulmi-infested sweet pepper (four cultivars, viz. ‘Demre’, ‘Yalova Carliston’, ‘Kandil Dolma’ and ‘Yag Biberi’), kidney bean (cv.
‘Barbunya’) and apple (M9 rootstock) were investigated using a two-choice olfactometer. Our results showed that HIPVs emitted
from both T. urticae- and P. ulmi-infested plants significantly attracted S. gilvifrons adults for all plants except the sweet pepper cv. Yag Biberi. In addition, it was found that volatiles from apple plants
infested by T. urticae and, especially, P. ulmi are more attractive for S. gilvifrons females than those emitted by other infested plants. The results also suggest that the odors of T. urticae adults and their products might influence the attraction of S. gilvifrons females. 相似文献
7.
The reproduction of a Meloidogyne hispanica isolate from Portugal was evaluated in 63 plant species/cultivars, in pot assays at 25?±?2.0°C, on the basis of root gall index (GI) and reproduction factor (Rf?=?final/initial egg density) at 60 days after inoculation. Cultivars of aubergine, bean, beetroot, broccoli, carnation, corn, cucumber, French garlic, lettuce, melon, onion, parsley, pea, potato, spinach, and tobacco and two of cabbage were susceptible (3?≤?GI?≤?5; 1.15?≤?Rf?≤?262.86). Cabbage cv. Bacalan, cauliflower cv. Temporão and pepper cv. Zafiro R2 were hypersusceptible or poor hosts (Rf??2) and pepper cvs. Aurelio and Solero were resistant (0.0?≤?GI?≤?0.4; 0.00?≤?Rf?≤?0.03). The response of the pepper cultivars and the Mi-1 resistant tomato cv. Rossol was also conducted in pots using two inoculum levels and four temperatures, three growth chamber (25?±?2.7°C, 29.3?±?1.8°C and 33.6?±?1.2°C) and one outdoors (24.4?±?8.2°C). At 24.4?±?8.2°C and 25?±?2.7°C, the reproduction on the resistant tomato was significantly lower compared to the susceptible cv. Easypeel. At all temperatures, resistance was evident for the pepper cultivars, despite the fact they were not found to contain any of the Me1, Me3, Me7 and N genes. The eggs obtained on cv. Aurelio at 33.6?±?1.2°C were used to get a selected resistance breaking isolate of M. hispanica that was able to reproduce on the three pepper cultivars. Our results suggest that the initial M. hispanica isolate is a mixture of virulent and avirulent individuals. The pepper cultivars tested, have potential to reduce M. hispanica populations in agro-ecosystems under certain conditions, but they should be used as a part of an integrated management strategy in order to prevent the development of virulent populations. 相似文献
8.
To investigate the effect of different planting dates and irrigation regimes on six canola cultivars, a 2-year (2014–2016) experiment was conducted at the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute of Karaj. The experiments were conducted as the factorial split-plot in a randomized complete block design including six canola cultivars (Gabriella, Brutus, Triangle, Marathon, Danube, and Natali), two irrigation regimes (fully irrigated and irrigation termination at the flowering stage) and two planting dates (October 1 and November 1). The results showed that irrigation termination from the flowering stage prevented the supply of required material for filling the seeds and the metabolism of the seed compounds and reduced the growth period of the seed. Therefore, a reduction was observed in the content of oleic and linoleic acids and proline. Also, water deficit stress caused an increase in the glucosinolate content of the seed. The response of canola cultivars was different in terms of fatty acids, so that the Natali cultivar had higher palmitic, oleic acids, and proline content compared to the other cultivars at both planting dates. Fully irrigated treatment and planting date of October 1 produced the highest amount of seed and oil yield (4659 and 2073?kg ha?1), palmitic acid (5.5%), and proline (22.7?μmol/g) content, and the lowest glucosinolate content (13.2?mg/g). Generally, the Natali cultivar and planting date of October 1 and the fully irrigated regime are highly recommended in the studied area regarding qualitative traits and yield of canola. 相似文献
9.
The benefits of conservation agriculture (CA) and associated technologies are not equal for all agro ecosystems. This study used a field experiment to examine winter-wheat yield and weeds under conservational and conventional systems in the central region of Spain. The three tillage treatments were conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT) and no-tillage (NT). The climatic conditions influenced wheat yield, yield components, soil water content and weeds. When the autumn-winter rainfall was abundant and constant (69.7% of annual rainfall), wheat grain yield (4465?kg?ha ?1) and yield components (3897?kg?ha ?1 of straw biomass and 584.5 ear m ?2) were highest. Wheat grain yield was highest with NT: 3549.9?kg?ha ?1 (compared to MT: 2955.1?kg?ha ?1 and CT: 2950.3?kg?ha ?1) and ear number per m 2 was significantly lower with MT (332 no ear m ?2, compared to 426 and 411.6?ear?m ?2 in CT and NT-systems respectively). Soil water content, at earing stage, was the highest in NT (27.36% of soil moisture) while MT showed the lowest content (11.83% of soil moisture). The higher weed measurements (means of 2.557 plants m ?2; 1.443 species m ?2 and 2.536 g m ?2) was with higher annual rainfall (488?mm). Throughout the experiment it was the dominant presence, in MT-wheat plots, of Lolium rigidum Gaudin (with means from 4.87 to 7.71 plants m ?2), which reduced the ear number per m 2. Our study revealed that in the short term, under semi-arid conditions, only the adoption of NT system (rather than MT) showed economic benefits. 相似文献
10.
A pot experiment was conducted at Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan. To conduct the experiment, eight kilograms of air-dried soil were taken in each pot and the amendment biochar was added and mixed properly at different levels like 0%, 1%, 2% and 4% (w/w), respectively. All pots were spiked with Cd solution at the concentration of 10?mg kg?1. The treatments were arranged in completely randomized design (CRD). Fourteen days old nursery plants of rice Oryza sativa L. were transplanted into pots. Five rice plants were grown in each pot. After transplantation of rice plant, the nitrogenous and phosphatic fertilizers (Urea and DAP) were incorporated at the standard rate. Standing water condition was kept for rice grown in pots. Rice plants were harvested after 70 days germination. Soil samples were collected from each pot after plant harvesting. After soil analysis, the given data elaborated that the concentration of Cd in soil was stabilized by the amendment from 8.7?mg kg?1 (0%) to 4.2?mg kg?1 (4%). Among the other soil parameters the minimum soil pH (7.31), EC (0.151?dSm?1), soil organic matter (0.63%), N (0.13%), P (4.72?mg kg?1) and K (55.6?mg kg?1) were noted at 0% biochar application, while maximum pH (8.23), EC (0.231?dSm?1), soil organic matter (1.67%), N (0.25%), P (8.96?mg kg?1) and K (93?mg kg?1) were found in the pot treated with 4% biochar. Hence, it was concluded that Cd was significantly immobilized with 4% biochar application. 相似文献
11.
The present study assessed the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on broomrape ( Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers.) control to determine its effects on tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum L.) growth indices. This experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments included three strains of AMF ( Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices and Glomuse hoe ) at three levels (100, 200 and 300 kg ha ?1). The control treatments (without mycorrhiza) were with and without broomrape (weed infest and weed free). The results showed that the use of G. intraradices and G. mosseae decreased broomrape seed germination, the number of nodules and the dry weight of the broomrape and increased root area and dry weight of the tomato plant when compared to G. hoe and the control treatments without broomrape. The tomato yield in G. intraradices 300 kg ha ?1 treatment increased by 10 and 205% than weed free and weed infest treatments, respectively. Finally, G. intraradices and G. mosseae at, respectively, 200 and 300 kg ha ?1 are recommended for land under tomato cultivation that has been contaminated with broomrape. 相似文献
12.
In this study, effects of different sowing dates and seeding rates on N uptake efficiency (NUE), N translocation efficiency (NTE), agronomic efficiency (AE), physiological efficiency (PE), water use efficiency for grain yield (WUEg) and water use efficiency for biomass (WUEb) of facultative wheat were investigated. As the average of cropping year, sowing dates and seeding rates, N uptake efficiency (NUE), N translocation efficiency (NTE), agronomic efficiency (AE), physiological efficiency (PE), water use efficiency for grain yield (WUEg) and water use efficiency for biomass (WUEb) values were respectively obtained as 1.17?kg Nuptake/kg Napplied, 68.5%, 36.9?kg grain/kg Napplied, 31.2?kg grain/kg Nuptake, 5.19?kg ha?1 mm?1 and 18.04?kg ha?1 mm?1. Nitrogen and water use efficiencies decreased with delayed sowing dates and increased with increasing seeding rates. It is possible to maintain a high wheat yield, nitrogen and water use efficiency by increasing plant density through winter sowing. It was concluded based on present findings that sowing date and seeding rates had significant effects on nitrogen and water use efficiencies and winter sowing should be practiced as not to cause yield losses and high seeding rates (575 seeds m?2) yielded greater nitrogen-water use efficiencies. 相似文献
13.
明确苯肽胺酸对作物内源激素和果实品质及产量的影响,对其在农业生产中合理使用具有重要意义。本研究以辣椒为供试作物,芸苔素内酯为对照药剂,在田间小区试验条件下,采用酶联免疫吸附 (ELISA) 等生理生化测定方法,研究了不同质量浓度的苯肽胺酸处理 (133.3、200.0、266.7 mg/L) 对辣椒叶片中内源激素含量、果实品质及产量的影响。结果表明:与空白对照相比,分别于辣椒蕾期、花期和果期喷施苯肽胺酸后,其叶片中生长素 (IAA) 和玉米素 (ZT) 含量分别提高了4.15%~28.54%和23.41%~163.10%,脱落酸 (ABA) 含量降低了5.47%~28.97%,而对赤霉素 (GA 3) 含量无明显影响;苯肽胺酸处理的辣椒叶片中IAA/ZT比值呈先降低后升高趋势,而IAA/ABA、ZT/ABA、GA 3/ABA的比值在各测定期均升高;对照药剂芸苔素内酯处理对辣椒叶片内源激素的含量和比例也有较明显的影响,但与苯肽胺酸处理相比存在一定的差异。苯肽胺酸处理能明显改善辣椒果实品质,与空白对照相比,单果质量、果形指数和干重 (每100 g鲜果) 最高可分别增加14.75%、49.67%和26.09%,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C和辣椒素含量分别提高69.75%~99.62%、29.17%~94.32%、15.86%~55.35%和1.82%~31.69%;苯肽胺酸处理具有明显增产效果,总产量比空白对照增加了20.66%~37.19%;芸苔素内酯处理也能改善果实品质和提高产量,尤其是增产效果明显,较空白对照增加了38.02%,但改善果实品质的整体效果弱于苯肽胺酸。研究表明,苯肽胺酸能够影响辣椒叶片的内源激素含量和比例,并可提高辣椒产量和改善果实品质,但与芸苔素内酯对辣椒的作用机理和效果不同,其田间推荐剂量为有效成分质量浓度133.3~200.0 mg/L。 相似文献
14.
The effects of different populations of volunteer winter wheal and their control with ethofumesate and TCA on growth, seed yield and yield components of S.24 perennial ryegrass were investigated in lield experiments in 1978 and 1979. Reductions in ryegrass seed yield due to the presence of wheat depended on the density of wheat and the number and dry weight of ryegrass tillers. The greatest percentage reduction in ryegrass seed yield occurred at high densities of wheat (300 plants m ?2) when the number of ear-bearing tillers and 1000 seed weight of ryegrass were reduced. When Ihe density of wheat was low (80 plants m ?2) a smaller reduction in ryegrass seed yield occurred and the number of live wheat plants remaining gradually decreased. Within the range of wheat densities in these experiments (0–300 plants m ?2) a 1% loss in ryegrass seed yield occurred for every 10 wheal plants m ?2 present in the crop post winter. Both herbicides caused a reduction in number of ryegrass tillers during growth but, except where TCA was applied at 12 kg ha ?1 in November, ryegrass seed yields were not significantly reduced (in comparison with a wheat-free control) and were always greater than those obtained in the presence of wheat where no herbicides had been applied. Levels of volunteer infestation of 300 wheat plants m ?2 were controlled with minimum risk of crop damage by applications of 6 kg ha ?1 TCA in either October or November, or by application of 1–9 kg ha ?1 ethofumesate in November. 相似文献
15.
Pre-harvest application of glyphosate in barley at 1·44 and 0·72 kg ha ?1 was compared with post-harvest application at 1·44 kg ha ?1 at six sites in south-east Scotland, three sprayed in 1980 and three in 1981. Both levels of pre-harvest application gave consistent 95–99% control of A. repens compared with 0–76% control from post-harvest application. Yields of crops grown in 1981 were significantly increased after all the 1980 pre-harvest treatments and after one post-harvest treatment. No significant depressions in grain germination were recorded from the lower rate of pre-harvest application but one significant depression was recorded from the higher rate. Combine harvesting throughput at a given grain loss level was significantly improved by pre-harvest application and moisture content of grain at harvest was significantly reduced by up to 2·5%. Wheeling losses from pre-harvest spraying ranged from 1 to 5%. Crop yield increases in the year after spraying compensated for herbicide and application costs plus any yield losses through tractor wheelings. 相似文献
16.
Soil fertility in the Lubumbashi region often proves to be limiting factor for crop production due to their low nutrient reserves. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizae on phosphorus uptake by maize on Ferralsol. The trial was conducted in pots with 30?kg or 60?kg of P2O5 ha?1 and a control. These three levels of phosphorus were combined or not with arbuscular mycorrhizae. The combinations of 30?kg or 60?kg of phosphorus with the inoculum led to a male flowering of maize at 63 days after semi. Maize treated with 60?kg of phosphorus ha?1 formed very few or almost no blisters in the roots. Cob weight, length, diameter, number of rows and kernel weight varied significantly with phosphorus on both inoculated and uninoculated pots. The inoculated plants had high averages for these yield parameters. Due to the lack of phosphate fertilizer, inoculum alone can be an alternative to phosphorus provided that nitrogen and potassium are added, resulting in small but seed-filled ears compared to the phosphorus-free control without mycorrhizae, which resulted in empty ears. Yield varied significantly with the addition of phosphorus (0.3 to 6.1 tons ha?1) and less significantly with inoculum (3 to 3.7?t ha?1). The combination of treatments showed a significant difference in favour of the 60?kg of phosphorus or 60?kg of phosphorus associated with the inoculum. The highest phosphorus content was obtained on the inoculum treatment alone, which provided 1.4?mg phosphorus?g?1 maize compared to other treatments, which provided 0.69 to 0.71?mg phosphorus?g?1 maize. 相似文献
17.
Long‐term research aimed to determine whether narrow row spacing and harvest weed seed destruction, in combination with herbicide use, would be sufficient to drive a Lolium rigidum population to extinction. A trial was run from 1987 to 2013, with treatments including crop row spacings of 9, 18, 27 or 36 cm and crop residue burning or retention. Herbicides were applied to reflect regional practices. The initial trial design was randomised, but treatments were maintained in each plot over the following years. Lolium rigidum seed production at harvest was assessed from 2003 to 2013. Average crop yield was higher in the unburnt plots (1638 kg ha ?1) than the burnt plots (1530 kg ha ?1) and greater at narrow row spacing, with an average yield of 1658, 1637, 1548 and 1492 kg ha ?1 in the 9‐, 18‐, 27‐ and 36‐cm spacings. Lolium rigidum seed at harvest was reduced in the burnt plots (57 seeds m ?2) compared with the unburnt plots (297 seeds m ?2) and was reduced at narrow row spacing, with an average of 58, 78, 223 and 333 seeds m ?2 in the 9‐, 18‐, 27‐ and 36‐cm row spacings. By 2013, L. rigidum seed production was reduced to an average of 0 seeds m ?2 in the narrow row spacing, burnt plots. 相似文献
18.
通过盆栽试验,研究了7个不同生育期亏水组合和4种施肥水平对糯玉米生长、总干物质量、干子粒产量和水分利用效率（WUE）的影响。结果表明,与正常灌水相比,中肥水平时拔节前期～孕穗期中度亏水明显降低总耗水量而不显著影响糯玉米总干物质量、干子粒产量和WUE,但是该处理WUE稍高于其它亏水处理。与不施肥相比,施肥明显增加糯玉米孕穗期和开花期叶面积、总干物质量和WUE,并缩短玉米开花至吐丝天数为0.7～1.0 d,其中中肥水平时总干物质量、干子粒产量、WUE t（以干物质为基础）和WUE s（以干子粒产量为基础）分别提高37.7%、50.0%、33.1%和45.1%。因此,中肥水平时（N、P 2O 5、K 2O分别为0.25、0.10、0.25 g·kg -1）糯玉米拔节前期～孕穗期进行中度亏水效果较好。 相似文献
19.
The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a major pest of pepper. In this study, we collected data on the development, survival, fecundity, and proportion of apterous and alate forms of green peach aphid reared on five commercial pepper cultivars (Amiral, Erciyes, Mert, Mertcan, and Naz) at 25?±?1°C, 60?±?5% RH, and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. We analyzed the life history raw data by using the age-stage, two-sex life table. The shortest development time (6.66 days) and highest fecundity (62.68 individuals) occurred on the Erciyes cultivar. The highest intrinsic rate of increase ( r?=?0.332 d ?1), finite rate of increase ( λ?=?1.394 d ?1), net reproductive rate ( R0?=?62.7 offspring) and shortest mean generation time ( T?=?12.45 d) also occurred on the Erciyes cultivar; while the lower fitness occurred on the Amiral, Mertcan and Naz cultivars. Our results compared differences in the population growth rate of M. persicae on different pepper cultivars. This information will be useful to individuals working in pest management programs particularly those involving M. persicae. 相似文献
20.
This study was conducted to examine the possibility of enhancing productivity and reducing blossom-end rot (BER) incidence in bell pepper ( Capsicum annumn L.). Four rates of phosphorus application (30, 60, 90 and 120?kg?ha ? 1 of P 2O 5) were combined with two commercial naturally occurring amino acid stimulants (Amino green and Aminofort). Water was used as a control treatment as well. Plants were sprayed with 500?ppm of solutions three weeks after transplanting. Increasing P application rate increased vegetative growth, fruit yield, fruit quality (fruit size, TSS, acidity and vitamin C.) and nutritional elements content (N, P, K and Ca). However, it was showed that the phosphorus level of 90?kg?ha ? 1 had no significant differences to the level of 120?kg?ha ? 1 for most parameters measured. Furthermore, P-applications had a remarkable effect on reducing blossom end rot, probably due to a positive effect on water uptake and Ca acquisition. In addition, positive effects on the vegetative growth parameters, individual fruit weight and number of fruits were showed concerning the amino acid used. Fruit quality in terms of total soluble solids (TSS), total acidity and ascorbic acid contents were also improved compared to control. Aminofort was superior in its effect as Amino green. However, the tested amino acids showed no effect on BER incidence. 相似文献
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