共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
非点源污染河流水环境容量研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探索适合非点源污染河流水环境容量计算的模型,为水环境容量的合理利用提供科学依据,针对中国东部地区典型河流-曹娥江的污染情况,选其上游以非点源污染为主的支流进行了水环境容量研究。根据该河段的水流特性和水文、污染源的调查资料及水质实测资料,选用适当的数学模型,研究了该河段各月的水环境容量。结果表明这种方法简单、实用,适用于非点源情形下河流氨氮、总磷及CODcr的容量问题研究。 相似文献
2.
Owing to the fluctuation of water quality in urban river which polluted by drainage along river, one-dimension uncertain water quality model embeded neural network is established. Genetic algorithms and a modified fitness function are used to optimize parameters of the uncertain model. Examples illustrate that the uncertain model has higher prediction accuracy with the average accuracy over 80% than the certain model, and is more sensitive to the fluctuation of pollutants discharged into the river. The uncertain model has a significant advantage of prediction and could better adapt to the changing urban water environment, especially at points close to the pollution sources. 相似文献
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The concept of "renovation and restoration" marks the transformation from urban and rural planning and construction to intensive development mode and to quality improvement stage.The environmental imbalance problem of emphasizing development and neglecting ecology in the past has become the focus of the current urban quality improvement stage.Rivers are related to the origin,development and evolution of cities,affect the layout,transportation and environment of cities,and bear the culture,economy and characteristics of cities.Taking the Linjing River of Yongchuan in Chongqing as an example and taking the concept of "renovation and restoration" as the guidance of the design of the overall environmental quality improvement of the river,this study analyzed and summarized the problems to be solved in the improvement of the environmental quality of the river based on the four river environmental impact factors of water pollution,water resource supply and demand,ecological environment and shore water waterfront type and the strategies of optimizing the aquatic environment management,constructing the ecological landscape pattern,shaping the regional cultural landscape and combining the economic development along the river were put forward in order to improve the overall environmental quality of Linjiang River and provide reference for relevant planning and design. 相似文献
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研究旨在对长江下游微生物群落代谢多样性以及环境因子对它的影响进行分析,以期为长江下游地区生态环境的改善及修复做参考。通过Biolog-ECO技术分析了长江下游各江段水体微生物代谢多样性,探究各江段水质理化因子变化与微生物群落代谢多样性的关系。研究发现长江下游水质指标除TP、TN外,其他指标均符合Ⅱ类以上标准;微生物群落的整体代谢能力南京江段最强;微生物群落丰富度指数在南京江段最高;多样性指数与均匀度指数由高到低排列顺序为安庆江段、南京江段、靖江江段、铜陵江段、芜湖江段;RDA分析表明,水体理化因子TP、Pb对长江微生物代谢六大类碳源呈现正相关关系。综合水质指标和各江段微生物代谢多样性分析,长江下游水体安庆江段和南京江段的富营养化程度较高,TP、Pb对长江下游水体微生物群落代谢多样性具有促进作用。 相似文献
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River water quality is one of the important conditions must be considered when river water source heat pump is used. It is also the key factor of efficiency of river water source heat pump. Based on analysis of the water quality factors which influence the river water source heat pump heat exchanger fouling, the main quality indicators and value are conformed. Using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and the actual monitoring data, quality classification of river water which is the source of water source heat pump is analyzed. For the difficulty of multiple indicators which need to detect and meet the related national standard in practical engineering application, the definition of scaling potential value is put forward. As the water quality comprehensive evaluation index of water source heat pump, the scaling potential value not only can consider the influence of the main water quality parameters on water source heat pump heat exchanger fouling, but also can conveniently and quickly provide direct basis for water quality judgment and system selection in the engineering application. 相似文献
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《Journal of Landscape Research》2013,(4)
Water leisure tourism is an emerging theme in urban planning, and its planning mode and operation level directly influence the eco-cycle degree of urban development. Tourism activities inevitably impact environmental quality of urban water spaces, and the research on the environmental carrying capacity of such spaces has also become an important prerequisite of tourism planning. Taking the Yangzhou Ancient Canal Scenic Area for an example, the paper constructed the estimated indicators of water leisure tourism environmental carrying capacity on the basis of analyzing scenic geographical resources and tourism economic conditions, and calculated the scenic area's water leisure tourism environmental integrated carrying capacity by the method of barrel extrapolation, providing a reasonable foundation for evaluating the planning conditions in the eco-cycle urban water leisure tourism planning. 相似文献
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The thesis introduces the origin of demonstrate item on the city water environment quality improvement-tao-hua river water environment competitive administer, analyzes the current situation and cause of taohua river valley pollute and ecological destroy, and summarizes the gain and loss in projects which have taken place in the domestic city water environment competitive administer. On the base, a collectivity idea is put forward that it should stress recovering and rebuilding ecosystem on the item. Due to the water environment in taohua river is representative, if the item can be favorably carried out, it not only improves GuiLin water environment, makes people life advantage and expands city tour, but also produces important affects to the other domestic cities in the condition of using marketable economy means to improve city water environment quality. 相似文献
8.
沋河流域下游水化学特征及影响因素分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为研究城市水质特征及影响因素，监测并治理城市景观用水，在沋河流域下游（沋河公园、渭南老街）测定城市水景中的主要化学离子，运用统计学方法，并通过Gibbs图和Piper三线图，分析该地区地表水的水化学特征以及成因。研究河段总离子浓度自沋河水库往下呈波状变化，主要来自可溶性岩石的岩溶和风化产物的Na+ 和Ca2+较多，NH4+和K+变异系数较大，说明受人类活动影响大；农村污水排放区地表水接受两河流岸高电导率（EC）和Cl-浓度的地下水补给，该区域总离子浓度最高，水污染严重；研究河段Na+ 、SO42－、Cl－、NO2-呈正相关性，城区污水中的可溶性钠盐是主要污染源。研究区水质治理应重视农村及城市污水排放的管理和治理，着重关注钠盐污染问题。 相似文献
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地下水环境容量综合指标体系的构建及其应用 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了合理开发利用地下水资源,为缺水地区农业的发展提供供水保障,开展地下水环境容量研究是非常必要的。在分析地下水环境容量内涵的基础上,对地下水环境容量进行重新定义,并提出综合指标环境容量的概念,在此基础上建立了综合指标体系QVLTE和综合评价指数R。通过QVLTE指标体系在静升盆地浅层地下水环境容量定性评价中的应用,得出地下水水质和地下水水量对地下水环境容量影响较大,地表植被和地下水温相对较小,这与实际吻合较好,印证了QVLTE指标体系具有一定的实际应用价值。研究成果可为地下水环境容量进一步的定性研究提供参考,对缺水地区地下水的保护、农业的健康发展具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
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辽河流域水环境预警研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
建立科学的预警系统是解决中国水环境危机的重要手段,为解决正确、快速而又直观预警的问题,引申并利用韦伯-费希纳定律,结合熵权法,以辽宁段内的三合屯、阿吉堡作为研究实例,选取与辽河流域水环境关系密切的水质评价指标。在此基础上利用熵权法确定各指标的权重,计算2个断面的水环境预警值,进而建立水环境质量等级与水环境综合影响指数之间的水环境预警模型。结果表明：三合屯预警级别为超重警,阿吉堡为无警,此模型可以较好地用于辽河流域水环境预警与评价。 相似文献
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利用石羊河流域1980、1995、2000、2006、2012年5期遥感影像,应用分形理论和GIS方法研究石羊河流域土地利用变化分形特征,定量分析流域不同土地利用类型变化的复杂性、稳定性以及变化趋势。结果表明：总体上流域耕地、城乡工矿居民用地、林地和水域呈现增加趋势,未利用地和草地呈现减少趋势,不同时段土地利用类型都具有空间分形结构,不同土地利用类型复杂性和稳定性呈现波动变化趋势。1980、1995、2000年石羊河流域不同土地利用类型分维数排序均为：水域＞耕地＞林地＞草地＞未利用土地＞城乡工矿居民用地。2006、2012年分维数由高到低依次为：水域、耕地、草地、林地、未利用土地和城乡工矿居民用地。1980、1995、2000、2006、2012年石羊河流域总平均分维值分别为1.5296、1.5025、1.5445、1.5631、1.5676,不同土地利用类型平均分形维排序为水域(1.8317)＞耕地(1.5678)＞林地(1.5351)＞草地(1.5315)＞未利用土地(1.4413)＞城乡工矿居民用地(1.3411)。总平均稳定性指数分别为0.1083、0.0997、0.1228、0.1167和0.1186,不同土地利用类型平均稳定性排序为水域(0.3317)＞城乡工矿居民用地(0.1589)＞耕地(0.0635)＞未利用土地(0.0587)＞林地(0.0351)＞草地(0.0315)。通过对流域土地利用变化复杂性、稳定性以及动态变化研究,为区域土地资源合理开发与生态环境协调发展提供技术支撑与决策依据。 相似文献
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为了量化评价渭河宝鸡段水质现状,并对污染趋势进行分析,为水环境保护及管理提供依据,应用改进的灰色关联法,在试验数据和监测结果基础上,对BOD5、CODCCr、CODMn、NH3-N、TP、TN 6个水质指标进行定量计算和评价。结果表明,渭河宝鸡段水质现状总体良好,评价断面水质达到或超过相应功能区水质标准,其中林家村断面达到Ⅱ类水质标准,胜利桥、卧龙寺桥和常兴桥断面的水质可达到Ⅲ类水质标准,虢镇桥、蔡家坡桥的水质较差,为Ⅳ类水质。同时,评价结果还表明,有机污染是水质好坏的限制性因子。采用改进的灰色关联度分析法,具有准确性、客观性的特点,对渭河宝鸡段水质评价效果良好。 相似文献
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Once the water level of the reservoir of the Three Gorges rises above 175 m, Yangtz River in Kaixian County will be changed into a lake-like reservoir which will be rare in the Three Gorges areas, and water pollution would be seriously deteriorated. In order to testify whether water quality meets the requirements of the function divisions, two-dimension water dynamics quality model and homogeneous-mixed water quality model are used to simulate polluted water disposal of Kaixian County before and after sewage purification. The analysis indicates that sewage disposal without any pretreatment will cause serious and continuous pollution; while sewage disposal after purificaiton up to standard, there are two kinds of results: in abundant and normal period , the water quality improves obviously, the water quality can meet the function of river area, but in dry seasons, the water quality improvement is not so effective, and still exceeds the control standard of the water function. To guarantee water quality of Xiaojiang River, it is proposed that, first, sewage treatment plant should run normally and continuously; second, other measures must be added to control sewage discharges in dry season. 相似文献
15.
《Journal of Landscape Research》2015,(1)
By comparing landscape patterns of suburban and urban rivers in the same flow path, and analyzing patch indexes of urban river landscapes, corresponding sustainable eco-design strategies were proposed, ecodesign theory system and eco-restoration design techniques were coupled, so as to explore new digital eco-design means of urban river landscapes by targeting at regional ecological consistency. 相似文献
16.
为了阐明大清河摇蚊幼虫群落结构特征及其与环境的关系,2013年7月和10月对大清河摇蚊幼虫群落结构特征进行了季度调查。共采集到摇蚊幼虫46种,隶属4亚科25属,优势种为苍白摇蚊(Chironomus pallidivittatus Malloch)和柔嫩雕翅摇蚊(Glyptotendipes cauliginellus Kieffer)。结果显示大清河摇蚊幼虫群落具有季节和地区差异性。摇蚊幼虫平均密度和生物量、Shannon多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson优势度指数均表现为夏季大于秋季。根据密度和生物量的聚类分析表明不同区域摇蚊幼虫可分属3大类。通过Margalef丰富度指数与经纬度之间的相关性分析发现,大清河摇蚊幼虫Margalef丰富度指数与经度呈负相关,与纬度无显著相关性。采用Shannon多样性指数和Hilsenhoff生物指数对大清河的水质进行了初步评价,结果表明大清河不同流域的污染等级不完全一致,水质情况比较复杂,但大部分地区已达富营养化水平,建议对其投入更多的关注和保护。 相似文献
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渭河宝鸡段水质评价及变化趋势分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
对渭河宝鸡段水质污染情况及变化趋势做出评价,为宝鸡市渭河治理、保护及建设提供一定参考依据。根据2007~2009年渭河宝鸡段6个断面的水质监测资料,采用模糊综合评价法对其进行综合评价,应用秩相关系数法对主要的3个断面的水质在时间上（2002~2009年）的变化趋势进行定量分析。结果表明,所有断面水质达到功能区所要求的水质类别,但存在一定的有机污染;在时间上,渭河宝鸡段污染情况呈下降趋势;在空间上,林家村断面的水质情况最好,胜利桥、常兴桥和卧龙寺断面次之,虢镇桥和蔡家坡断面最差。 相似文献
18.
深圳城市绿地土壤孔隙状况与水分特征研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为了了解深受人为活动强烈影响的城市绿地的土壤物理特性,为充分发挥其增进植物生长、涵养水源和保护城市生态环境等功能提供管理依据,以深圳城市绿地土壤为研究对象,调查分析了土壤容重、孔隙状况、土壤水分常数和水分入渗特征等物理特性。结果表明：深圳城市绿地土壤的容重较高,平均值为1.56 g/cm3。土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、通气孔隙度较小,平均值分别为41.06%、39.78%、1.27%。土壤水分入渗率变幅很大,土壤初始入渗率为0~8.47 mm/min,稳定入渗率为0~5.90 mm/min。城市公园绿地、道路绿地土壤的容重显著高于城郊菜地土壤,而土壤孔隙度、最大持水量、毛管持水量和田间持水量显著低于城郊菜地土壤;表层0~10 cm的土壤容重、最大持水量、毛管持水量和田间持水量显著低于10~20 cm土壤,土壤孔隙度显著高于10~20 cm土壤。城市绿地土壤容重与孔隙度、田间持水量、最大持水量、初始入渗率及稳定入渗率均呈显著的负相关。 相似文献
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《Journal of Landscape Research》2014,(Z5)
Based on the generalized landscape perspective, regional connotation of urban river landscape is expanded. The area connotation of urban river landscape is expanded based on the generalized landscape perspective. In addition to natural and functional attributes, river landscape should be regarded as a regional space element based on heterogeneous space scale. First, as for research method system, the space research models(including ecological footprint, space planning, and landscape pattern index, etc.) coupled with different angle scales and interdisciplinary theory, are utilized to study different correlations and results formed by urban river landscape elements and other regional space elements from the perspective of the regional ecological space, and the overall development goal of the urban river landscape pattern based on the goals of the regional ecological space planning is obtained. Second, the oriented urban river landscape planning and the "M" type close-tonature design strategy are evaluated through the city function zoning orientation and micro-scale urban river landscape pattern index. The research realizes the compatibility of overall goals in terms of the regional ecology, the development of urban functional areas, and the river landscape planning, without losing micro difference and maneuverability based on the urban river landscape planning and design oriented strategy, which innovates the new approach of urban river landscape planning and design with sustainable and balanced development of regional resources, multi-scale, and multiple objectives. 相似文献