共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 155 毫秒
1.
半干旱地区海涂海水灌溉对不同品系菊芋产量构成及离子分布的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在半干旱海涂以不同品系菊芋（Helianthus tuberosusL．）为材料进行田间试验，研究了海水灌溉对不同品系菊芋产量构成及离子分布的影响。结果表明：（1）南芋2号根和地上部生物量较其他品系大，南芋5号和南芋3号株高在各浓度海水灌溉下均显著高于其他菊芋品系，而茎粗在各处理下变化不一致，在30％海水灌溉下，南芋1号根和地上部物质积累未受到抑制作用，其他各品系菊芋的根和地上部物质积累受到了一定抑制。（2）各菊芋品系块茎产量差异较显著，在30％海水灌溉下，南芋2号产量显著高于其他品系，各菊芋品系块茎单重在各处理下差异也较显著，南芋1号和2号块茎单重最大，各菊芋品系块茎总糖和菊糖含量差异较显著。（3）随海水浓度的增加，各品系菊芋根、茎和叶的C1-和Na^＋含量均增加，但品系间差异较显著，叶片的Na’含量显著低于根和茎的Na’含量。从生物积累量和块茎产量、总糖和菊糖含量及离子分布看，南芋1号和南芋2号较其他品系更适合在半干旱海涂利用适当浓度海水进行灌溉种植。 相似文献
2.
咸水结冰灌溉对盐化潮土盐基离子剖面迁移规律的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用土柱模拟试验,设置淡水、咸水灌溉、咸水结冰和咸水结冰覆盖4个灌溉方式,研究咸水结冰灌溉条件下盐分运移及盐基离子Cl^-、SO4^2-、HCO^3-、Na^＋、Mg^2＋、K^＋和Ca^2＋的土层剖面迁移规律。结果表明：咸水直接浇灌使各土层土壤盐度提高,且盐分具有明显表层聚集特性,而咸水结冰后灌溉则显著降低表层0-40 cm土层的盐分盐度,配合秸秆覆盖措施则使表层的脱盐率进一步提高,特别是0-10 cm土层,土壤盐度仅为0.15 dS/m,与淡水处理尚未达显著性差异（P〉0.05）。咸水结冰灌溉显著改变盐基离子Cl^-、SO4^2-、HCO^3-、Na^＋、Mg^2＋、K^＋和Ca^2＋的土壤剖面分布特征,但不同离子的响应方式和影响程度存在差异。咸水结冰灌溉显著（P〈0.05）降低表层危害性较高的Na^＋、SO4^2-和Cl^-浓度,而对危害性较小的Mg2＋、K＋和Ca2＋则影响较小。咸水结冰灌溉可促进表层土壤的脱盐作用,淋洗主要危害性离子Na^＋、Cl^-等,保持土壤根系分布密集层较低盐分水平和盐基离子平衡,缓解或消除盐分和盐基离子对作物生长的危害,配合秸秆覆盖则效果更加明显。 相似文献
3.
拟南芥幼苗对高NH4+响应的特征及不同生态型间的差异 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过培养基和水培法分析了不同浓度NH＋^4处理对苗期拟南芥根系特征的影响,比较了不同生态型拟南芥苗期根形态及生理的差异。结果表明,拟南芥苗期的主根长、侧根长、根表面积,均随NH4^＋浓度增高逐渐降低;而根平均直径随NH4^＋浓度增高先变粗后变细。不同生态型拟南芥对高浓度NH4^＋的响应差异显著,而对等浓度K^＋的响应没有观察到与NH4^＋的类似的毒害作用及生态型间的差异。应用差异显著的典型生态型（耐NH4^＋型Col-0和NH4^＋敏感型JA22）进一步研究表明,NH4^＋毒害对Col-0根长的抑制作用显著小于JA22,对Col-0平均根直径的促进作用也显著小于JA22,但对二者的根表面积的抑制没有显著性差异;30mmol L^-1 NH4^＋处理,Col-0的地上部干重显著高于JA22,叶绿素含量却显著低于JA22,二者的含水量差异不显著;Col-0对2mmol L^-1 NH4^＋的净吸收速率是JA22的3倍多。因此高浓度NH4^＋抑制苗期拟南芥的生长基本上不是根际酸化、缺NO3^-、高离子强度或对NH4^＋的高吸收等因子所致。 相似文献
4.
补光时间及光质对黄瓜幼苗生长及根系活力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了明确温室黄瓜幼苗生长及根系活力对补光时间及光质的响应,本研究分析了补光时间(2、4和8h)及光质[红蓝复合光(R∶B=7∶3,R∶B=8∶2)、蓝光(B)、红光(R)和白光(W)]对黄瓜幼苗地上部形态、根系形态、根系活力及干物质积累的影响。结果表明,补光时间及光质对黄瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、根长、根表面积、根分枝数、根系活力及地上部干重和壮苗指数影响显著,且互作效应显著。补光4h后黄瓜的各项生长指标均优于补光2、8h和不补光(CK);补照红蓝复合光处理后黄瓜的各项生长指标均优于补照蓝光、红光、白光和CK。其中,补照4h红蓝复合光(7∶3)处理下黄瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、根长、根表面积、根分枝数和根系活力最高,黄瓜幼苗地上部干重和根干重分别显著高于补照2h蓝、红、白光,补照8h的蓝、红、白光及CK。黄瓜幼苗地上部干重、根干重均与根系活力呈显著正相关关系。说明通过补充4h红蓝复合光(7∶3)可显著提高根系活力,进而有效促进黄瓜幼苗干物质的积累,为培育壮苗奠定了生理基础。 相似文献
5.
海水连续4年灌溉对库拉索芦荟生长、糖和芦荟甙含量的效应研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究不同比例海淡混合水4年灌溉对库拉索芦荟全叶鲜重、叶片含水量和叶片中可溶性糖、多糖和芦荟甙含量的影响。结果表明:10%、25%海水灌溉下,芦荟的全叶鲜重与对照(淡水)差异不显著,50%、75%和100%海水灌溉下的全叶鲜重显著下降,分别较对照降低11%、28%和46%。10%、25%、50%、75%海水灌溉下,芦荟的全叶干重与对照(淡水)差异不显著,100%海水灌溉下的全叶干重显著下降,较对照降低14%。CK、10%、25%、50%海水处理的地上部含水量之间差异不显著,75%、100%海水处理下,其地上部含水量显著下降。在地上部不同叶位的叶片中,老叶随着海水胁迫强度的增加,其含水量下降幅度较大,而幼叶和中部叶含水量下降幅度较小。海水灌溉处理下叶片可溶性糖含量显著高于淡水灌溉处理,在海水灌溉各处理间,随海水比例增大,芦荟叶片中可溶性糖含量呈逐渐显著增加趋势,经过4年比例海淡混合水连续灌溉,芦荟叶片中多糖含量与淡水灌溉处理没有显著差异,但芦荟甙含量随海水灌溉强度的增加而增加,75%海水处理达最大值。不同比例海淡混合水灌溉芦荟的试验是可行的,可以节约淡水,并在一定的海水稀释配比下(75%海水)可以提高芦荟的主要药用功效成份芦荟甙的含量。 相似文献
6.
盐胁迫对番茄根形态和幼苗生长的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过水培和培养基试验,研究了番茄幼苗生长和根构型在盐胁迫下的变化.结果表明,番茄幼苗地上部干、鲜重随着盐浓度增加而减小,根生物量受其影响相对较小;幼苗叶片叶绿素含量显著降低.50mmol/L NaCl显著抑制了侧根发育,侧根数显著降低,而100 mmol/L NaCl则显著抑制了主根和侧根伸长,由此可见,番茄根构型对盐胁迫响应比较敏感. 相似文献
7.
为减轻盐碱胁迫对小麦生长发育的影响，探究小麦对盐碱（模拟海水）胁迫的生理响应机制，以耐盐碱型品种中麦998和盐碱敏感型品种济麦229为试材，研究模拟海水胁迫下不同耐盐碱型品种的形态特征和生理响应机制。结果表明，模拟海水胁迫下，相较于耐盐碱型品种中麦998，盐碱敏感型品种济麦229的苗高、地上部鲜重、地上部干重、根鲜重、根干重、初生根数较对照显著降低，降幅分别为45.20%、24.62%、75.15%、57.24%、33.88%和34.74%，中麦998较对照降低程度明显小于济麦229。说明相较于耐盐碱型品种中麦998，模拟海水胁迫显著抑制盐碱敏感型品种济麦229的生长。模拟海水胁迫下，济麦229和中麦998的过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性均较对照显著升高，但济麦229升高的时间晚于中麦998，且增加幅度低于中麦998。随着模拟海水胁迫时间的延长，中麦998和济麦229的还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量、GSH/氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）比值均较对照显著升高，但济麦229升高的时间晚于中麦998，且增加幅度（1.64%～46.58%、4.32%～35.... 相似文献
8.
复合氨基酸增效剂与尿素配施对水稻幼苗生长及土壤氮素的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为探讨氨基酸作为肥料增效剂在水稻生长过程中的增效作用，以复合氨基酸溶液为主要材料，通过室内盆栽试验，研究复合氨基酸增效剂与普通尿素配施对水稻幼苗生长及土壤养分的影响。结果表明，与不施肥(CK1)相比，施用 5%复合氨基酸增效剂(A)，水稻幼苗株高、叶绿素含量(SPAD)、根系生长指标、地上部干重和氮磷钾累积吸收量均随移栽时间延长呈显著增加趋势，其中株高增幅为 11.1%～ 18.1%，地上部干重增幅为 9.03%～24.00%，地上部氮磷钾累积吸收量分别增加了 32.3%～57.0%、50.7%～ 74.0%和 19.0%～40.5%。与单施普通尿素(U)相比，复合氨基酸增效剂与普通尿素配合施用(AU)，移栽前期水稻幼苗株高、根系生长指标增加显著，移栽后期 SPAD增加显著，地上部干重和氮磷钾累积吸收量均随移栽时间延长呈增加趋势。在同等氮素条件下，AU处理不同取样期氮肥利用率为 8.24%～31.50%，均高于 U处理(6.08%～28.10%)。此外，AU处理根际土壤全氮含量随移栽时间延长由 0.93 g/kg降至 0.91 g/kg，降幅低于 U处理；AU处理根际土壤全氮和有效磷含量均高于非根际土壤，表明添加氨基酸能够促进非根际土壤全氮和有效磷向根际土壤转化，并使根际土壤氮含量维持在较高水平。综上所述，施用复合氨基酸增效剂，可明显促进水稻幼苗生长，复合氨基酸增效剂与普通尿素配合施用，可显著提高尿素氮肥利用率，并利于土壤全氮的积累。 相似文献
9.
接种耐酸根瘤菌和施钙对酸性土上紫花苜蓿生长的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用裂区设计法研究了重庆缙云山酸性土上施钙与接种耐酸根瘤菌对紫花苜蓿生长和品质的影响。结果发现:接种耐酸苜蓿根瘤菌对苜蓿植株瘤重、根鲜重、株高、植株上部鲜重、全氮含量和酸性土壤中根瘤菌数量的提高影响显著;施Ca2+ 5 mmol/L与10 mmol/L处理与不施Ca2+处理相比,能显著增加植株根鲜重、株高和地上部鲜重,也能显著增加瘤重;瘤重与植株地上部鲜重、根鲜重和株高呈极显著相关关系,与植株全氮含量呈显著相关关系,说明良好的结瘤性能能够提高酸性土上紫花苜蓿的产量和品质。 相似文献
10.
荆芥幼苗对盐胁迫的生理响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究盐胁迫对荆芥幼苗生理特性的影响,采用盆栽砂培试验,研究不同浓度盐胁迫(0、25、50、75和100 mmol·L-1 NaCl)下荆芥幼苗生长、质膜稳定性、渗透调节、抗氧化酶系统、离子吸收和分配的变化。结果表明,随着盐浓度的增加,荆芥盐害指数逐渐升高,幼苗株高增加速率和比叶面积均逐渐降低,单株干重和叶绿素含量均呈先增加后减少的趋势,且均在25 mmol·L-1 NaCl处理下达到最大;叶片中丙二醛(MDA)含量和电解质渗漏率均显著增加;可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量均呈先增加后减少趋势,且分别在50和75 mmol·L-1 NaCl处理下达到最大,而可溶性糖含量则不断上升;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均呈先上升后下降的趋势,在25 mmol·L-1 NaCl处理下达到最大,而过氧化物酶(POD)活性则持续下降。盐胁迫下,荆芥的根、茎、叶大量积累Na^+,但主要集中在地上部分,同时各部位K^+、Ca2+含量及K^+/Na^+、Ca2+/Na^+值均显著下降。综上,荆芥幼苗对盐胁迫极为敏感,但对低浓度的盐胁迫(25 mmol·L-1 NaCl)具有一定的耐受性。本研究结果为荆芥的规范化栽培和抗逆驯化研究奠定了理论基础。 相似文献
11.
By using speetrally stable targets, the empirical line （EL） method was tested to correct the multispectral IKONOS imagery acquired over Putuo Mountain, Zhejiang, China. A series of calibration targets, which were spectrally stable over time, were selected to establish the linear predicted equation. Subsequently, a series of spectrally stable validation targets were selected to assess the accuracy of the equations. And, validation targets, which were speetrally unstable over time, were used to test the feasibility of using the EL method to calibrate the archival remotely sensed data. Ground reflectance measurements for each target were made using an ASD FieldSpec spectroradiometer. A Trimble GeoXTTM GPS unit with sub-meter accuracy was used to estimate the target position accurately. Linear regression equations for four tKONOS bands were derived. The coefficients of determination for the blue, green, and red bands were all greater than 0.9800 and it was 0.9697 for the near infrared band. It was concluded that reasonable results could be obtained by using speetrally stable targets. 相似文献
12.
Yong‐Hua Yang Shan‐Min Chen Zhe Chen Hong‐Yan Zhang Heng‐Guan Shen Zi‐Chun Hua 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(4-5):693-700
The effects of silicon (Si) on the toxicity of aluminum (Al) to mungbean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) seedlings were studied in a growth chamber. Mungbean seedlings were grown in a nutrient solution with combinations of three concentrations of Si (0,1, and 10 mM) and three concentrations of Al (0, 2, and 5 mM) in randomized completely block design experiments for 16 days. Silicon at 1 mM in the solution decreased root length, fresh and dry weights, and chlorophyll content, and showed no significant effect on epicotyl length and seedling height, and protein contents of shoots or roots in mungbean seedling under no Al stress. But, Si at 10 mM showed marked toxic effects on mungbean seedling growth and increased protein contents of the shoots or roots. In contrast, under 2 mM Al stress, Si addition at 1 mM had significant increasing effect on root length, fresh and dry weights, and chlorophyll content. It also had decreasing effect on protein contents of the shoots or roots, and had no effect on epicotyl length and seedling height. Silicon addition at 10 mM showed no effect on morphological and physiological measurements of mungbean seedling. However, Si at 1 mM added to solution only increased seedling height, epicotyl length, fresh weight, and chlorophyll content, but decreased dry weight and protein content of the roots under 5 mM Al stress, significantly. Silicon addition at 10 mM showed similar toxic effects on mungbean seedling growth under 5 mM Al stress to that under no Al stress. 相似文献
13.
莱州湾海涂海水灌溉菊芋的磷肥效应的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在连续3年莱州湾海涂海水灌溉试验的基础上,2003年就不同浓度海水灌溉菊芋的磷肥效应进行了田间试验研究。结果表明,在海水灌溉下,磷肥对菊芋的增加产量与增产幅度均高于淡水灌溉,在50%海水浓度范围内,随着灌溉海水浓度增加磷肥的增产效应也逐渐提高,以50%浓度海水灌溉磷肥增产效应最大;海水灌溉下,施磷肥能显著促进菊芋对K+、Ca2+和Mg2+等有益离子的吸收与运输,尤其是明显提高菊芋在海水灌溉下的SK,Na,而抑制菊芋对Na+及Cl-等有害离子的吸收;在75%的海水浓度范围内,灌溉的海水浓度越高,磷肥对上述离子的影响强度越大;海水灌溉下,施用磷肥明显促进菊芋根部氮的含量,P3(P2O560kg/hm2)与P1(P2O50kg/hm2)处理相比较,在淡水、25%海水、50%海水、75%海水灌溉处理下,菊芋根部含氮量增加0.43、0.64、0.64、0.51个百分点。 相似文献
14.
海水胁迫对5种生态型菊芋生理生化的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Three treatments consisting of 0%, 15%, and 30% seawater were investigated to analyse the ecotypic variabilities among five populations of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus)regarding their responses to seawater stress under a hydroponic culture system. Analyses were done 2, 4, and 6 days after treatments. The 15% and 30% seawater treatments reduced the growth rates of roots and shoots of H. tuberosus populations. The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase majored in the leaves were stimulated under the seawater stress. The electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde contents of the leaves were also stimulated owing to seawater stress. The contents of proline and soluble-sugars in the leaves increased significantly with increasing seawater concentrations. The concentrations of Na+, K+, and Cl- in the aerial parts and roots increased with an increase in the seawater concentration throughout the experimental period. There were ecotypic differences among the five populations of H. tuberosus as evidenced by the analyses of the above items in both aerial parts and roots under seawater treatment. The magnitude of the ecotypic variance components indicated that a substantial proportion of the total variation for these physiological and biochemical responses were owing to ecotype, indicating the possibility of improvement through hybridization and selection. 相似文献
15.
产地环境中镉（Cd）对蔬菜的影响主要表现为蔬菜可食部分超标,高浓度时影响其生长发育,基于评述蔬菜幼苗对Cd的敏感性是按其对Cd的吸收累积量来排序,累积Cd量越高定义为该蔬菜幼苗对Cd越敏感,采用水培方法,探讨了Cd对小白菜（叶菜）、黄瓜、豇豆（果菜）和萝卜（根菜）幼苗吸收累积量及生长发育的影响。结果表明,蔬菜幼苗根和茎叶中累积Cd量均随Cd处理浓度的增加而显著增加（P〈0．05）。同一处理浓度下根中Cd含量远高于茎叶中Cd含量,根和茎叶对Cd的累积强弱顺序也即蔬菜苗期对Cd的敏感性排序为小白菜〉萝卜〉黄瓜〉豇豆;随Cd浓度增加,叶片中叶绿素含量降低,过氧化氢酶（CAT）含量升高;蔬菜出苗率、幼苗根长、植株鲜重显著降低。 相似文献
16.
盐胁迫对黑麦草幼苗生长的影响及磷肥的缓解作用 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
采用盆栽试验和生理生化分析方法研究了盐胁迫对黑麦草幼苗生长的影响以及施用磷肥(过磷酸钙)对盐胁迫下黑麦草幼苗生长的缓解作用。结果表明,盐胁迫下黑麦草幼苗干物质积累下降;增施磷肥能促进黑麦草幼苗生长,增加干物质积累,增强黑麦草对Na+、K+吸收的选择性,促进K+的吸收和向叶片运输;能提高叶片叶绿素含量,增强叶片净光合速率和气孔导度,增加可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖及脯氨酸含量,从而增强黑麦草幼苗对盐胁迫的适应能力。 相似文献
17.
驯化处理对海水胁迫下玉米幼苗生长特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了探讨海水灌溉时提高植物耐受盐分胁迫的有效调节措施,以抗性玉米品种农大108为材料,研究了用20%和70%海水分别驯化的萌发种子和萌发期幼苗在生长后期50%海水胁迫过程中某些生理指标的变化。结果表明：在海水处理过程中,叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量、光合速率和幼苗鲜质量明显下降,其中种子驯化能减弱胁迫对上述特性的不利影响,70%海水驯化种子缓解了对叶绿体色素和光合作用的破环,20%海水驯化种子减轻了幼苗鲜质量的降低;叶绿素a/叶绿素b(chla/chlb)、根系活力、幼苗干质量和根冠比明显上升,其中驯化处理有利于胁迫下幼苗根系活力和根冠比的升高,20%海水驯化种子促进了幼苗干质量和根冠比的增加,70%海水驯化幼苗对chla/chlb和根系活力的促进作用比20%海水驯化种子稍微明显一些。说明在不同发育阶段采取合理的驯化方式可以提高植物生长过程中对海水胁迫的适应能力,从而改善植物对灌溉海水的利用效率。 相似文献
18.
AbstractBiological bacteria alleviate the adverse effects of osmotic stress under salinity conditions by different processes. In the present research, factorial test was performed based on complete randomized block design and the effect of two types of bacteria azotobacter and azospirillum and five salinity levels of 0, 4, 6, 8, 12 dS/m in nutrients, fresh and dry weights of the plants, amount of auxin, proline, tillering, and quality of tall fescue were studied. Results showed that the highest dry weight of shoots, dry, and fresh weights of the roots, tillering and nitrogen have been observed in 8 dS/m salinity?+?azotobacter treatment. The highest fresh weight of shoot was seen in 4 dS/m salinity treatment without bacteria. The highest quality of tall fescue was seen in 4 and 6 dS/m salinity treatments without bacteria, the highest amount of sodium was seen in 12 dS/m salinity?+?azospirillum treatment, and the highest amount of auxin contents of roots, stems and the highest amount of phosphorus were obtained in the control?+?azospirillum treatment. Also, the highest amount of potassium (K) and the lowest amount of nitrogen (N) and sodium (Na) were seen in the control treatment without bacteria. The lowest amount of potassium and the lowest fresh and dry weights of the roots were seen in 12 dS/m salinity?+?azotobacter treatment. The lowest fresh and dry weights of the shoots were seen in 4 dS/m salinity?+?azospirillum treatment and 6 dS/m salinity treatment without bacteria. The lowest amount of proline was obtained in control?+?azotobacter treatment. The lowest amount of phosphorus and stem’s auxin and also the highest amount of proline were obtained in 12 dS/m salinity treatment without bacteria. Generally, growth-inducing bacteria reduces the adverse effects of salinity stress and improves quality of tall fescue. 相似文献
19.
Boron (B) amelioration of aluminum (Al) toxicity was studied for growth of mungbean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) seedlings and cuttings (without roots) in a growth chamber. Mungbean seedlings and cuttings were grown in the solution with combinations of three concentrations of B (0,5, and 50 μM) and three concentrations of Al (0, 2, and 5 mM) in randomized complete block design experiments for 16 days. Results showed that B significantly promoted elongation of epicotyls and hypocotyls, and increased height of seedlings grown under Al stress. Boron also increased fresh weight of seedlings in high Al solution. Treatment of plants grown with high B and Al stress had no apparent effect on fresh and dry weights of seedling roots. Seedling dry weight increased significantly by adding high B to solutions with 2 mM or 5 mM Al. No significant differences were observed between the high B treatment and the control (normal B, 5 μM) in lengths of epicotyls and fresh and dry weights of mungbean cuttings grown under Al stress. High concentrations of B decreased soluble protein and increased chlorophyll in seedlings treated with 2 mM Al. Boron had no amelioration effect on cuttings grown with Al, although Al increased soluble protein. Our results suggested that B alleviation of Al toxicity was related to root function and Al toxicity may possibly be due, in part, to B deficiency. 相似文献