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1.
The Production of Organic-Inorganic Compound Film-Coated Urea and the Characteristics of Its Nutrient Release 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ZOU Hong-tao WANG Yao-sheng SONG Hao-wen HAN Yan-yu YU Na ZHANG Yu-ling DANG Xiu-li HUANG Yi ZHANG Yu-long 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2009,8(6):703-708
The effect of different concentrations of natural macromolecular compound on the characteristics of nutrient release in the membrane materials of organic-inorganic compound film-coated urea was discussed, and the optimal concentrations for better nutrient release was proposed. The characteristics of nutrient release of film-coated urea were evaluated by soil column leaching experiment. Organic-inorganic compound film-coated urea showed good characteristics of nutrient release, which could be well simulated by Logistic curve. The two parameters in this curve, a and r, can be used to present nutrient release of film-coated urea, and followed the order of B 〉 C 〉 A and C 〈 B 〈 A, respectively, indicating that the release was stronger with the increasing concentration of natural macromolecular compound in the membrane, which implied better controllability of nutrient release. The concentration of 5% of natural macromolecular compound showed better characteristic of nutrient release and can be utilized as a membrane material combined with inorganic mineral powders to develop film-coated slow-release fertilizer. 相似文献
2.
小球藻的分离及其DNA提取方法的研究(英文) 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
[Objective] The aim of this study is to isolate Chlorella vulgaris(chlorella)and extract its genomic DNA.[Method] Both the dilution method and drip method were employed to isolate chlorella from lake water samples;the conditions for culturing chlorella were optimized and its genomic DNA was extracted by improved CTAB method and SDS method.[Result] The proper conditions for chlorella culture were as following:temperature 20-25 ℃,illumination 4.39-5.86 W/m2 and rotational speed 100-150r/min;improved CTAB method was suitable for extracting genomic DNA from chlorella.[Conclusion] The study is helpful to study the chlorella at molecular level and promote the exploitation and utilization of chlorella resources. 相似文献
3.
《（《农业科学与技术》）编辑部》2008,(4)
[Objective] The aim of this study is to isolate Chlorella vulgaris(chlorella)and extract its genomic DNA.[Method] Both the dilution method and drip method were employed to isolate chlorella from lake water samples;the conditions for culturing chlorella were optimized and its genomic DNA was extracted by improved CTAB method and SDS method.[Result] The proper conditions for chlorella culture were as following:temperature 20-25 ℃,illumination 4.39-5.86 W/m2 and rotational speed 100-150r/min;improved CTAB method was suitable for extracting genomic DNA from chlorella.[Conclusion] The study is helpful to study the chlorella at molecular level and promote the exploitation and utilization of chlorella resources. 相似文献
4.
Isolation of Chlorella vulgaris and Its DNA Extraction Methods 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
WANG Heng-qiang KONG Qing-jun REN Xue-yan ZHAN Dong-xia ZHANG Hai-li College of Life Sciences Shihezi University Shihezi 《（《农业科学与技术》）编辑部》2008,(4)
[Objective] The aim of this study is to isolate Chlorella vulgaris(chlorella)and extract its genomic DNA.[Method] Both the dilution method and drip method were employed to isolate chlorella from lake water samples;the conditions for culturing chlorella were optimized and its genomic DNA was extracted by improved CTAB method and SDS method.[Result] The proper conditions for chlorella culture were as following:temperature 20-25 ℃,illumination 4.39-5.86 W/m2 and rotational speed 100-150r/min;improved CTAB method was suitable for extracting genomic DNA from chlorella.[Conclusion] The study is helpful to study the chlorella at molecular level and promote the exploitation and utilization of chlorella resources. 相似文献
5.
[Objective] The study aimed to research the nutrients release of ponds sediment.[Method] The sediments which from a new pond(A) and an old one (B) these analyses used to carry out indoor experiment under the anaerobic dark condition for researching on nutrient release. The N(nitrogenous) and P(phosphorous) release were analyzed every two days.[Result] At the prophase, the N release in B was bigger than that in A, while the decline sediment release in A was gentle.[Conclusion] There was no accumulation of organic compound during the breeding time. The NH4-N was the main form of N release; and the P release was correlated with N release, while PO4-P was the main form of P release. 相似文献
6.
The objective of this study is to provide scientific guidance for optimizing agricultural field nitrogen management that is based on the evaluation of current nitrogen application practice in Jiangsu Province, China, in 2000. The agricultural nitrogen models, consist of the soil mineralization model, the organic manure nitrogen releasing model, and the nitrogenous fertilizer use efficiency model. These models combined with the geographic information system technique were used to describe the spatial variability of nitrogen released from soil and organic manure and to identify its contributing factors. The comparison of the nitrogen fertilizer amount required by croplands, which was simulated by the models with the actual nitrogen fertilizer applied rate, was used to evaluate the current nitrogen application. The results showed that nitrogen was excessively applied in 71.8% croplands, given that the actual crop yield was desired. The excessive nitrogen amounted to 760 kiloton, accounting for 41.5% of the total nitrogen applied. Given that the actual highest yield was desired, nitrogen was reduced in 64.3% croplands. The total shortage of nitrogen was about 800 kiloton. Low use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer was found in Taihu Lake area, Nanjing-Zhenjiang hilly area, and Xuzhou area, whereas the east beach area of Jiangsu showed an obvious deficiency of nitrogen fertilizer inputs. A balance of nitrogen fertilizer in Jiangsu croplands between excessive and deficient application areas would greatly benefit economic and environmental advantages. 相似文献
7.
WANG Dan-mei REN Da-ming LI Xiu-na SHI Jiao College of Biological Science Technology Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang 《（《农业科学与技术》）编辑部》2008,(1)
[Objective] The purpose was to study the optimum conditions of Pycnoporus sanguineus for producing ligninase.[Method] A strain of lignin-degrading white-rot fungus was selected from 5 strains of collected fungi and its ligninase production and the optimum conditions for producing ligninolytic enzyme were measured.[Result]It could produce two kinds of ligninase with good thermal stability. Different temperatures, carbon sources, nitrogen sources,acidities, as well as the additions of surfactant had distinct influence on the development of lignin-degrading enzymes of the fungus. The optimum condition was drawn out: 38 ℃, pH=4.5, 10.0 g/L glucose, 1.0 g/L tartaric acid ammonium.[Conclusion] The aim of research was to provide a basis for lignin degradation in practical production. 相似文献
8.
While fertigation can increase fertilizer use efficiency, there is an uncertainly as to whether the fertilizer should be introduced at the beginning of the irrigation or at the end, or introduced during irrigation. Our objective was to determine the effect of different fertigation schemes on nitrogen (N) uptake and N use efficiency (NUE) in cotton plants. A pot experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in year 2004 and 2005. According to the application timing of nitrogen (N) fertilizer solution and water (W) involved in an irrigation cycle, four nitrogen fertigation schemes [nitrogen applied at the beginning of the irrigation cycle (N-W), nitrogen applied at the end of the irrigation cycle (W-N), nitrogen applied in the middle of the irrigation cycle (W-N-W) and nitrogen applied throughout the irrigation cycle (N&W)] were employed in a completely randomized design with four replications. Cotton was grown in plastic containers with a volume of 84 l, which were filled with a clay loam soil and fertilized with 6.4 g of N per pot as unlabeled and 15N-labeled urea for 2004 and 2005, respectively. Plant total dry matter (DM) and N content in N-W was significantly higher than in N&W in both seasons, but these were not consistent for W-N and W-N-W treatments. In year 2005, a significantly higher nitrogen derived from fertilizer (NDFF) for the whole plant was found in W-N and N-W than that in W-N-W and N&W. Fertigation scheme had a consistent effect on total NUE: N-W had the highest NUE for the whole plant, but this was not significantly different from W-N. Treatments W-N and W-N-W had similar total NUE, and N&W had the lowest total NUE. After harvesting, the total residual fertilizer N in the soil was highest in W-N, lowest in N-W, but this was not significantly different from N&W and W-N-W treatments. Total residual NO3-N in the soil in N&W and W-N treatments was 20.7 and 21.2% higher than that in N W, respectively. The total 15 N recovery was not statistically significant between the four fertigation schemes. In this study, the fertigation scheme N-W (nitrogen applied at the beginning of an irrigation cycle) increased DM accumulation, N uptake and NUE of cotton. This study indicates that Nitrogen application at the beginning of an irrigation cycle has an advantage on N uptake and NUE of cotton. Therefore, NUE could be enhanced by optimizing fertilization schemes with drip irrigation. 相似文献
9.
《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》2016,(1):1-8
In Faranah Province(Guinea), the ratio of supply and demand of corn is approximately 1 : 2. The production is low and the deficit is covered by maize importation. This study was initiated in order to improve corn production by evaluating the effects of increasing doses of mineral fertilizers on the yield and economic profitability of corn. The experiment was conducted on a farm in Kamedankoude in a split plot with three replicates. Treatments included two varieties of maize(Perta and Kilissi113) and five doses of chemical fertilizers(D0=unfertilized control, D1=300 kg NPKS+200 kg urea · hm~(-2); D2=400 kg NPKS+800 kg urea · hm~(-2); D3=200 kg NPKS+400 kg urea-· hm~(-2) and D4=500 kg NPKS+600 kg urea · hm2). The results showed that all the agronomic parameters increased with increasing dose of fertilizers, except for the number of ears per plant. The two varieties of corn tested produced similar yields. However, the profitability of mineral fertilizers decreased with increased doses and with value/cost ratio of 3. We recommended a mineral fertilizer dose of 300 kg NPKS + 200 kg urea. The high prices of mineral fertilizers were often barriers to intensive maize cultivation, especially for low-income farmers. This study was a contribution to rational fertilization and adapted the socio-economic conditions of the region, with the background knowledge that most farmers in the regions earned low incomes. 相似文献
10.
Wastewaters from slaughterhouses are characterized by a high concentration of oils and greases that can cause problems in conventional treatments. The degradation of difficult pollutants in more easily degradable products can be mediated by enzymes. Enzymatic hydrolysis facilitates the biodegradation because it makes the organic material is made available as compounds of lower molecular weight, the lipids being made available in the form of free fatty acids. The application of enzymes as processing aids in wastewater treatment has some advantages, such as the specificity that allows control of the products, which leads to increased income generation for the non-toxic byproducts and moderate conditions of operation. The objective of this work was optimizing the conditions for lipids enzymatic hydrolysis present in swine slaughterhouse wastewaters using lipolytic enzymes and subsequent biological treatment study. Temperature, pH and enzyme concentration were the variables tested. The enzymes showed good activity and could therefore be used for the hydrolysis process proposed here. The optimized conditions to maximize the release of fatty acids were： temperature of 36 ℃, pH 8.5 and enzyme concentration of 1.1%, yielding fatty acids in the order of 31.50μmol/mL for lipase and 31.13 μmol/mL for phospholipase. All variables influenced the release of fatty acids. The maximum yield of biogas was 89.65 mL in the reactor added the sludge, raw wastewater and phospholipase in the conditions optimized the hydrolysis step, obtaining a chemical oxygen demand （COD） reduction of 90.01% in relation to the value of the COD of the raw wastewater. 相似文献
11.
[目的]探讨聚乙烯醇(PVA)空心微球的优化制备条件及其在尿素缓释肥生产中的应用。[方法]采用乳状液化学交联法制备PVA空心微球,通过FT-IR、SEM和TEM等技术对其组成、形貌和粒径进行表征,探讨乳化剪切速率、交联反应温度和交联剂用量等因素对空心微球形貌和粒径的影响;以得到的最佳制备工艺条件为基础,通过包裹尿素制得PVA载肥微球,研究其对尿素的缓释作用。[结果]PVA空心微球制备的最佳工艺条件为乳化剪切速率6000 r/min、反应温度35℃和交联剂用量25 ml。PVA载肥微球具有明显的缓释作用,交联时间以3 h为宜。[结论]该研究为新型缓释肥的开发提供了理论依据。 相似文献
12.
[目的]研究玉米淀粉基缓释膜的制备条件及特征。[方法]以玉米淀粉与聚乙烯醇为原料,在交联剂的作用下,制得包膜料液,用此料液给尿素涂膜,制得包膜尿素。通过红外光谱对膜的结构进行表征和分析,研究改性淀粉膜的形成条件和影响因素。[结果]制备玉米淀粉基缓释膜的最佳反应条件是淀粉和PVA的质量比为1∶1,PVA的含量为15%,吐温0.2 ml,尿素0.5 g,丙三醇1.5 g,甲醛2ml,硼砂0.2 g,引发剂用量0.5%,反应30 min,反应温度控制在80℃。[结论]制备得到的包膜材料具有成本低、可生物降解、无环境污染等特点。 相似文献
13.
采用造粒方法,将羟乙基纤维素、羟丙甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇及羧甲基纤维素钠4种有机高分子材料应用到沼渣颗粒造粒中,测定沼渣颗粒肥的粒径、成球率、颗粒强度、吸水率以及保水率等指标,研究有机粘结剂的种类及其含量对沼渣颗粒肥的影响规律。结果表明:沼渣颗粒成球率方面,聚乙烯醇作为粘结材料其质量分数为9.09%时,制备的牛粪沼渣颗粒肥造粒成球率达到82.31%。在沼渣颗粒强度方面,羟乙基纤维素质量分数为6.25%时制备的肥料颗粒最低强度为6.3N;聚乙烯醇质量分数为9.09%时,沼渣肥料颗粒强度可以达到90.3N。在沼渣颗粒肥吸水方面,牛粪沼渣颗粒肥的吸水能力与有机粘结材料的质量分数呈正相关关系。沼渣颗粒肥崩解时间试验显示,羟乙基纤维素适用于制备速效沼渣颗粒肥料,聚乙烯醇适用于制备缓释沼渣颗粒肥料。 相似文献
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15.
木质素基聚电解质薄膜的制备及其力学性能 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
16.
[目的]鉴定聚乙烯醇降解菌HK1并研究其降解特性。[方法]以一株能以聚乙烯醇为唯一碳源生长的细菌HK1为出发菌株,通过形态观察和生理生化试验对其进行鉴定,研究其对几种实验室常用抗生素的抗性,并通过摇瓶试验研究其降解特性。[结果]经鉴定,该菌确定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌属细菌,30℃、180 r/min摇床培养后,对培养基中PVA(1 g/L)的降解率达36.26%。HK1降解PVA的环境最优条件如下:温度为30℃,底物浓度为1 g/L,pH 8.0,酵母粉添加量为2 g/L。[结论]研究结果为系统研究该菌株提供了参考。 相似文献
17.
随着人们对环境和食品质量的注重,缓释肥的研究与开发也越来越受到重视。本研究采用了陶瓷空心微珠包衣鱼蛋白氨基酸及其它无机肥料的方法制备了一种新型缓释肥。通过缓释效果评价,表明陶瓷空心微珠包衣的缓释肥具有良好的缓释效果。在番茄种植中的应用研究结果表明：施用陶瓷空心微珠包衣鱼蛋白氨基酸复合缓释肥比应用其它肥料对番茄植物的长势、番茄果实的品质、产量有更明显的促进和提高作用。 相似文献
18.
甲醛交联木质素季铵盐--尿素的制备及缓释性能 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探究木质素季铵盐包埋尿素的优化制备条件及其在缓释肥生产中的应用,以三甲基木质素季铵盐(L-QA)为原料、甲醛为交联剂、司盘80为分散剂,采用反相悬浮法制备甲醛交联木质素季铵盐-尿素(FCL-QA-U)颗粒,并通过傅里叶红外光谱表征其结构,探讨交联剂用量、转速、反应时间和分散剂用量等因素对尿素包埋率的影响,以得到最佳制备工艺条件及产品,再利用水溶试验和土柱淋溶试验测定其缓释性能。结果表明: 尿素被包埋在三甲基木质素季铵盐中;L-QA含氮量为1.98%,FCL-QA-U含氮量为3.27%。制备FCL-QA-U颗粒的最佳工艺条件为甲醛用量2 mL、转速300 r/min、反应时间2 h、司盘80用量1 mL,在此条件下制备的FCL-QA-U颗粒的尿素最大包埋率为64.77%。 FCL-QA-U颗粒的缓释结果符合我国缓释肥料GB/T 23348—2009的要求,是一种既有理论价值又有应用价值的缓释化肥。 相似文献
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20.
玉米交联淀粉的制备研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]探讨甲醛用量、pH值、反应温度、反应时间对玉米交联淀粉交联度（即沉降积）的影响。[方法]以玉米淀粉为原料,甲醛为交联剂,制备玉米交联淀粉。[结果]确定最佳工艺条件为：甲醛与淀粉的质量比为0.020、反应时间为1 h、反应pH值为9.0、反应温度为42.5℃,所制备的交联淀粉沉降积为2.7 ml。[结论]该试验筛选出了制备玉米交联淀粉的最佳工艺条件,该法具有工艺简单、快速、高效等特点。 相似文献