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《Veterinary microbiology》2015,175(2-4):356-361
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(HPAI) H5N1 viruses pose a serious pandemic threat due to their virulence and high mortality in humans, and their increasingly expanding host range and significant ongoing evolution could enhance their human-to-human transmissibility. Recently, various reassortant viruses were detected in different domestic poultry, with the HA gene derived from the A/goose/Guangdong/1/96-like (Gs/GD-like) lineage and the NA gene from influenza viruses of other subtypes. It is reported that some natural reassortant H5N5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses were isolated from poultry in China. And their HA genes were belonged to a new clade 2.3.4.4. We evaluated the receptor binding property and transmissibility in guinea pigs of these reassortant H5N5 HPAIVs. The results showed that these viruses bound to both avian-type (α-2,3) and human-type (α-2,6) receptors. In addition, we found that one of these viruses, 031, not only replicated but also transmitted efficiently in guinea pigs. Therefore, such reassortant influenza viruses may pose a pandemic threat. 相似文献
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Nagy A Vostinakova V Pindova Z Hornickova J Cernikova L Sedlak K Mojzis M Dirbakova Z Machova J 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,133(3):257-263
On 19th July 2007 re-occurrence of the H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus was noticed in Europe. The index strain of this novel H5N1 lineage was identified in the Czech Republic where it caused historically the first HPAI outbreak in commercial poultry. In the present study we performed molecular and phylogenetic analysis of the index strain of the re-emerging H5N1 virus lineage along with the Czech and the Slovak H5N1 strains collected in 2006 and established the evolutionary relationships to additional viruses circulated in Europe in 2005-2006. Our analysis revealed that the Czech and the Slovak H5N1 viruses collected during 2006 were separated into two sub-clades 2.2.1 and 2.2.2, which predominated in Europe during 2005-2006. On the contrary the newly emerged H5N1 viruses belonged to a clearly distinguishable sub-clade 2.2.3. Within the sub-clade 2.2.3 the Czech H5N1 strains showed the closest relationships to the simultaneously circulated viruses from Germany, Romania and Russia (Krasnodar) in 2007 and were further clustered with the viruses from Afghanistan and Mongolia circulated in 2006. The origin of the Czech 2007 H5N1 HPAI strains was also discussed. 相似文献
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禽流感病毒（avian influenza virus,AIV）是一种重要的人兽共患病病原,严重制约养禽业的健康发展,并对公共卫生安全构成极大威胁。其中,H5（H5N1、H5N2、H5N6、H5N8等）和H7N9亚型高致病性禽流感病毒（highly pathogenic avian influenza virus,HPAIV）引起的高致病性禽流感（highly pathogenic avian influenza,HPAI）对我国养禽业危害巨大。通过实施强制免疫,疫情得到了控制,但在禽群中仍散状暴发,并出现多种新型病毒,防控形势依然严峻。本文总结了截至2021年9月我国禽类暴发H5和H7N9亚型HPAI的所有官方公布的疫情暴发事件以及监测数据,分析了其流行特点,以期为禽流感的预警和防控提供参考。 相似文献
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国家禽流感参考实验室在2006年,从来自青、藏两省(区)3种野鸟及辽宁省的2种死亡的野鸟体内共分离到14株H5N1亚型高致病力禽流感病毒(High pathogenic avian influenza virus,HPAIV),比较发现其HA、NA基因核苷酸的同源率在97.9%～99.9%之间。所有病毒的HA基因的裂解位点均具有HPAIV特有的连续碱性氨基酸-RRRKKR-,并具有近年来H5N1亚型流行株所特有的NA基因颈部49～68位20个氨基酸缺失及NS基因80～84位5个氨基酸的缺失;遗传进化分析表明2006年野鸟病毒由2005年野鸟病毒进化而来,并形成独立的进化分支;辽宁省近2年的4株野鸟病毒亲缘关系较近,说明引起2005年该省锦州地区H5N1 HPAI疫情的病毒在该地区的野鸟体内继续存在。 相似文献
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为了解中国目前H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus,AIV)血凝素(HA)基因的遗传变异情况,对中国不同地区分离的10株H9N2亚型AIV的HA基因进行扩增、克隆和测序,并对所获得的HA全序列进行同源性和遗传进化分析。结果表明,10个分离株的裂解位点均为RSSR↓GLF,符合低致病性AIV的分子特征;10个分离株有7~9个潜在糖基化位点,由于基因突变有些HA基因出现了新的糖基化位点;与参考株相比,发现了4个抗原表位的突变,这些表位的突变可能引起病毒致病性的改变;受体结合位点除198位有变异外,其他位点均较保守;6株病毒234位氨基酸均为L,具有与哺乳动物唾液酸α,2-6受体结合的特征;10个分离株HA基因与国内疫苗株的核苷酸及氨基酸序列同源性分别为90.4%~99.2%和92.2%~98.7%;10个分离株同属于欧亚谱系中的A/duck/Hong Kong/Y280/97群,但差异显著,为此本试验又将其分为4个不同的亚群。人工感染排毒试验结果表明,BJ15和NJ17分离株在鸡体内具有较强的复制能力,排毒周期较长且排毒量也较大,而S145N的漂变导致在145-147位氨基酸多出1个糖基化位点NGT,可能是分离株复制能力增强的原因。 相似文献
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Kosuke SODA Hiroichi OZAKI Hiroshi ITO Tatsufumi USUI Masatoshi OKAMATSU Keita MATSUNO Yoshihiro SAKODA Tsuyoshi YAMAGUCHI Toshihiro ITO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(12):1891
Large highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks caused by clade 2.3.4.4e H5N6 viruses occurred in Japan during the 2016–2017 winter. To date, several reports regarding these outbreaks have been published, however a comprehensive study including geographical and time course validations has not been performed. Herein, 58 Japanese HPAI virus (HPAIV) isolates from the 2016–2017 season were added for phylogenetic analyses and the antigenic relationships among the causal viruses were elucidated. The locations where HPAIVs were found in the early phase of the outbreaks were clustered into three regions. Genotypes C1, C5, and C6–8 HPAIVs were found in specific areas. Two strains had phylogenetically distinct hemagglutinin (HA) and non-structural (NS) genes from other previously identified strains, respectively. The estimated latest divergence date between the viral genotypes suggests that genetic reassortment occurred in bird populations before their winter migration to Japan. Antigenic differences in 2016–2017 HPAIVs were not observed, suggesting that antibody pressure in the birds did not contribute to the selection of HPAIV genotypes. In the late phase, the majority of HPAI cases in wild birds occurred south of the lake freezing line. At the end of the outbreak, HPAI re-occurred in East coast region, which may be due to the spring migration route of Anas bird species. These trends were similar to those observed in the 2010–2011 outbreaks, suggesting there is a typical pattern of seeding and dissemination of HPAIV in Japan. 相似文献
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Byung-Min Song Hyun-Mi Kang Eun-Kyoung Lee Jipseol Jeong Yeojin Kang Hee-Soo Lee Youn-Jeong Lee 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2015,16(2):237-240
In 2014, two genetically distinct H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses were isolated from poultry and wild birds in Korea. The intravenous pathogenicity indices for the two representative viruses were both 3.0. Mortality of chickens intranasally inoculated with the two H5N8 viruses was 100% with a mean death times of 2.5 and 4.5 days. Mortality rates of the contact groups for the two H5N8 viruses were 33.3% and 66.6%. Our study showed that transmissibility of the novel H5N8 viruses was different from that of previously identified H5N1 HPAI viruses, possibly due to genetic changes. 相似文献
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Dubey SC Dahal N Nagarajan S Tosh C Murugkar HV Rinzin K Sharma B Jain R Katare M Patil S Khandia R Syed Z Tripathi S Behera P Kumar M Kulkarni DD Krishna L 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,155(1):100-105
We characterized Influenza A/H5N1 virus that caused the first outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in chickens in Bhutan in 2010. The virus was highly virulent to chicken, killing them within two days of the experimental inoculation with an intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) of 2.88. For genetic and phylogenetic analyses, complete genome sequencing of 4 viral isolates was carried out. The isolates revealed multiple basic amino acids at their hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site, similar to other "Qinghai-like" H5N1 isolates. The receptor-binding site of HA molecule contained avian-like amino acids ((222)Q and (224)G). The isolates also contained amino acid residue K at position 627 of the PB2 protein, and other markers in NS 1 and PB1 proteins, highlighting the risk to mammals. However, the isolates were sensitive to influenza drugs presently available in the market. The sequence analysis indicated that the Bhutan viruses shared 99.1-100% nucleotide homology in all the eight genes among themselves and 2010 chicken isolate from Bangladesh (A/chicken/Bangladesh/1151-11/2010) indicating common progenitor virus. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Bhutan isolates belonged to sub-clade 2.2.3 (EMA 3) and shared common progenitor virus with the 2010 Bangladesh virus. Based on the evidence of phylogeny and molecular markers, it could be concluded that the outbreaks in Bhutan and Bangladesh in 2010 were due to independent introductions of the virus probably through migratory birds. 相似文献
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Abolnik C 《Avian diseases》2007,51(4):873-879
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N2 reemerged in ostriches in South Africa during 2006, and a low-pathogenic AI H5N2 virus was also isolated. Molecular and phylogenetic characterization was performed to determine whether the outbreak strains were genetically derived from the supposedly eradicated Eastern Cape ostrich outbreak HPAI H5N2 strain of 2004. It was demonstrated that although the 2004 and 2006 South African H5N2 strains shared a common ancestor, the two outbreaks were not related. Not only were extensive reassortments with wild bird viruses involved in the evolution of the 2006 strains, but the precursor HA molecule HA0 cleavage site sequence of the 2006 HPAI H5N2 virus also contained fewer basic amino-acid insertions. Multiple transmission events occurred from wild birds to ostriches in 2006, and it appears that a reservoir of H5N2 with pathogenic potential for poultry is established in the South African wild duck population. 相似文献
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Michela Rigoni Anna Toffan Elisabetta Viale Marzia Mancin Filippo Cilloni Elena Bertoli Angela Salomoni Sabrina Marciano Adelaide Milani Bianca Zecchin Ilaria Capua Giovanni Cattoli 《Veterinary research》2010,41(5)
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the H5 and H7 subtype pose a major public health threat due to their capacity to cross the species barrier and infect mammals, for example dogs, cats and humans. In the present study we tested the capacity of selected H7 and H5 HPAI viruses to infect and to be transmitted from infected BALB/c mice to contact sentinels. Previous experiments have shown that viruses belonging to both H5 and H7 subtypes replicate in the respiratory tract and central nervous system of experimentally infected mice. In this study we show that selected H7N1 and H5N1 HPAI viruses can be transmitted from mouse-to-mouse by direct contact, and that in experimentally infected animals they exhibit a different pattern of replication and transmission. Our results can be considered as a starting point for transmission experiments involving other influenza A viruses with α 2-3 receptor affinity in order to better understand the viral factors influencing transmissibility of these viruses in selected mammalian species. 相似文献
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In this study, two highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 viruses were isolated from chicken and geese in 2018 and 2019 (Chicken/ME-2018 and Geese/Egypt/MG4/2019). The hemagglutinin and neuraminidase gene analyses revealed their close relatedness to the clade-2.3.4.4b H5N8 viruses isolated from Egypt and Eurasian countries. A monovalent inactivated oil-emulsion vaccine containing a reassortant virus with HA gene of the Chicken/ME-2018/H5N8 strain and a bivalent vaccine containing same reassortant virus plus a previously generated reassortant H5N1 strain (CK/Eg/RG-173CAL/17). The safety of both vaccines was evaluated in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. To evaluate the efficacy of the prepared vaccines, 2-week-old SPF chickens were vaccinated with 0.5 mL of a vaccine formula containing 108/EID50 /dose from each strain via the subcutaneous route. Vaccinated birds were challenged with either wild-type HPAI-H5N8 or H5N1 viruses separately at 3 weeks post-vaccine. Results revealed that both vaccines induced protective hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibody titers as early as 2 weeks PV (≥5.0 log2). Vaccinated birds were protected clinically against both subtypes (100 % protection). HPAI-H5N1 virus shedding was significantly reduced in birds that were vaccinated with the bivalent vaccine; meanwhile, HPAI-H5N8 virus shedding was completely neutralized in both tracheal and cloacal swabs after 3 days post-infection in birds that had been vaccinated with either vaccine. In conclusion, the developed bivalent vaccine proved to be efficient in protecting chickens clinically and reduced virus shedding via the respiratory and digestive tracts. The applicability of the multivalent avian influenza vaccines further supported their value to facilitate vaccination programs in endemic countries. 相似文献
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Kulak MV Ilinykh FA Zaykovskaya AV Epanchinzeva AV Evstaphiev IL Tovtunec NN Sharshov KA Durimanov AG Penkovskaya NA Shestopalov AM Lerman AI Drozdov IG Swayne DE 《Avian diseases》2010,54(3):1086-1090
The ecology of avian influenza (AI) viruses in wild aquatic birds of Asia is poorly understood, especially for the H5N1 high pathogenicity AI (HPAI) viruses. From March 2006 through November 2008, 20 AI viruses were isolated in the Crimea region of Ukraine with an overall frequency of virus recovery of 3.3%. All the viruses were isolated from three species of dabbling ducks: mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), wigeon (Anas penelope), and garganey (Anas querquedula), making the frequency of virus recovery for dabbling ducks 6.3%. The viruses were predominantly isolated during the fall sampling period. All viruses were genetically and antigenically characterized. No H5N1 HPAI viruses were isolated, but other HA and NA subtypes were identified including H3N1 (2), H3N6 (3), H3N8 (4), H4N6 (6), H5N2 (3), H7N8 (1), and H10N6 (1) subtypes. All isolates were of low pathogenicity, as determined by the intravenous pathogenicity index of 0.00. For H5N2 and H7N8 isolates, the HA gene was sequenced and the phylogenetic analysis revealed possible ecologic connections of the Crimea region with AI viruses from Siberia and Europe. No influenza A isolates were recovered from other Anseriformes (diving ducks [two species of pochards] and graylag geese), Columbiformes (collared doves), Gruiformes (coot), and Galliformes (gray partridges). 相似文献
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Njouom R Aubin JT Bella AL Demsa BM Rouquet P Gake B Ngangnou A Foupouapouognigni Y Van Der Werf S Rocourt J Rousset D 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,130(3-4):380-384
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus was first detected in Cameroon in February 2006. Analysis of NA sequences of the virus demonstrated that it is closely related to the H5N1 isolates from Northern Nigeria, Sudan and Ivory Coast, suggesting a common virus ancestor. 相似文献
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为评价水禽用禽流感灭活疫苗(H5N2亚型,D7株)对2010年以后分离的高致病性禽流感病毒流行毒株的免疫保护效果,将该疫苗免疫3周龄SPF鸭后,21 d采血、分离血清测定HI抗体效价,同时用5株2010年以后分离的高致病性禽流感流行毒进行攻毒保护试验,攻毒后5d采集所有试验鸭喉头和泄殖腔拭子进行病毒分离.结果显示,该疫苗免疫SPF鸭21 d后的HI抗体效价的几何平均滴度达7.4log2,对5株高致病性禽流感病毒的攻击均可产生良好的免疫保护,并有效阻止病毒排泄.该疫苗的推广使用将对我国水禽高致病性禽流感的防控发挥重要作用. 相似文献
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During 2014–2017 Clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) have spread worldwide. In 2016, an epidemic of HPAIV H5N8 in Iran caused mass deaths among wild birds, and several commercial poultry farms and captive bird holdings were affected and continue to experience problems. Several outbreaks were reported in 2017. One of them is related to Hooded crow (Corvus cornix) in a national park in Esfahan province in 2017. Whole genome sequencing and characterization have been done on the detected H5N8 sample. Based on HA sequencing results, it belongs to 2.3.4.4 clade, and the cleavage site is (PLREKRRKR/G). Phylogenetic analysis of the HA gene showed that the Iran 2017 H5N8 virus clustered within subgroup Russia 2016 2.3.4.4 b of group B in H5 clade 2.3.4.4 HPAIV.On the other hand, the NA gene of the virus is placed in group C of Eurasian lineage. Complete genome characterization of this virus revealed probable reassortment of the virus with East-Asian low-pathogenic influenza viruses. Furthermore, the virus possessed some phenotypic markers related to the increased potential for transmission and pathogenicity to mammals at internal segments. This study is the first full genome characterization H5N8 HPAIV in Iran. The data complete the puzzle of molecular epidemiology of H5N8 HPAIV in Iran and the region. Our study provides evidence for fast and continuing reassortment of H5 clade 2.3.4.4 viruses, that might lead to changes in virus structural and functional characteristics such as the route and method of transmission of the virus and virus infective, pathogenic and zoonotic potential. 相似文献
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为了解一株可引起产蛋鸭产蛋异常的H9N2亚型禽流感病毒A/Duck/Fujian/FQ107/2007（H9N2）（以下简称Dk/FQ107/07）分离株的分子特性及其遗传进化地位,运用RT-PCR方法对其基因组进行扩增,克隆至pMD18-T载体后测序。结果显示,Dk/FQ107/07病毒株的血凝素（haemagglutini,HA）蛋白裂解位点的氨基酸组成为-PARSSR↓GLF-,其静脉接种指数（intravenous pathogenicity index,IVPI）为0.04,符合低致病性禽流感病毒特征;Dk/FQ107/07株HA基因与A/chicken/Shantou/5269/2005（H9N2）同源性最高,为98.9%,和我国首次哺乳动物流感病毒分离株A/Swine/HongKong/9/98（H9N2）有较近的遗传进化关系,三者均属于经典的H9N2/Y280群系;神经氨酸酶（neuraminidase,NA）基因与中国大陆首次分离株A/chicken/Beijing/1/1994（H9N2）相比,在63、64、65位点上缺失3个氨基酸（T、E、I）;核蛋白（nucleoprotein,NP）基因与高致病性鸭源禽流感分离株A/Duck/Fujian/1734/05（H5N1）和A/Duck/Fujian/9713/2005（H5N1）在同一遗传进化分支上,而从聚合酶（polymerase PA,PA）基因的遗传进化分析发现其基因属于H9N2/Y439群系。由此可见,Dk/FQ107/07可能是由不同禽流感病毒基因亚群间发生自然重排的产物。 相似文献