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1.
The water extract of the stem bark of Sacoglottis gabonensis was evaluated for its preliminary acute toxicity and anthelmintic efficacy against gastro-intestinal nematodes of small ruminants and mice in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Intra-peritoneal administration of doses ranging from 400 to 3200 mg/kg of the aqueous stem bark extract produced varying degrees of toxicity manifested as depression, drowsiness and unsteady gait, paralysis of the hind limbs, dyspnoea, coma and death. The pathological lesions noted at necropsy were mainly congestion and edema of the lungs, bronchi and bronchioles and hepatomegally with focal necrosis of liver cells. The severity of the clinical symptoms and pathological lesions were dose-related. In the in vitro study, the extract significantly (P<0.05) reduced the hatching of strongyline nematode eggs from naturally infected small ruminants. The 100 mg/ml concentration of the extract produced the highest (94.4%) inhibition on nematode egg hatch and the result was comparable to similar effect produced by either levamisole (100% at 15 mg/ml) or albendazole (99.7% at 6.25 mg/ml). In rats experimentally infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus, treatment with the S. gabonensis stem bark aqueous extract significantly (P<0.05) reduced adult worm burden and completely inhibited faecal egg output 5 days post treatment.  相似文献   

2.
Gbolade AA  Adeyemi AA 《Fitoterapia》2008,79(3):220-222
Extracts from Pycnanthus angolensis stem bark, and fruits and seeds of Sphenocentrum jollyanum, when tested in vitro, showed potent anthelmintic activity on the earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae. Methanolic extract of P. angolensis was more active than its chloroform extract (P<0.001), while fruit ethanolic extract of S. jollyanum was also more potent than the seed extract. When compared with other worms, S. jollyanum fruit extract showed the greatest activity on wireworms when tested at 80 mg/ml.  相似文献   

3.
Successive chloroform, methanol and water extracts of bark and leaves of Albizzia lebbeck were tested for its in vitro mast cell stabilizing effect against compound 48/80. Methanolic extract of leaf and methanolic and water extracts of bark have shown maximum activity comparable to that of disodium chromoglycate.  相似文献   

4.
Methanol extracts of Azadirachta indica leaves at concentration from 0.1 to 40 microg/ml showed in vitro an stimulatory activity in stem cell reproduction. These results suggest that the effect of methanol leaf extracts on stem cell reproduction could be of benefit to improve health.  相似文献   

5.
Methanol extracts were prepared from different parts of 18 plants collected in the Yucatan peninsula and evaluated in an in vitro bioassay for leishmanicidal activity against Leishmania mexicana promastigotes. The ten most potent plant extracts (IC(50)<50 microg/ml) were Aphelandra scabra leaves, Byrsonima bucidaefolia bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Clusia flava leaves, Cupania dentata bark, Diphysa carthagenensis leaves, Dorstenia contrajerva whole plant, Milleria quinqueflora roots, Tridax procumbens whole plant, and Vitex gaumeri bark.  相似文献   

6.
The anti-plasmodial activity of Ailanthus excelsa stem bark was investigated. The methanolic extract inhibited in vitro growth of chloroquine-sensitive (D10) and resistant strains (W2) of Plasmodium falciparum (IC50 4.6 and 2.8 microg/ml, respectively). The effect was retained in the chloroform fraction (3.1 and 2.1 microg/ml, respectively). The anti-plasmodial activity could be ascribed to the impairment of haemoglobin degradation through the inhibition of plasmepsin II activity (IC50 of 13.43+/-1.74 microg/ml) and of the haem detoxification to haemozoin.  相似文献   

7.
Leaves, root and stem bark of Diospyros anisandra were screened against two strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, one resistant and one susceptible to antibiotics, using the microplate Alamar blue assay test. The lypophylic fractions of the root and bark showed significant inhibitory activity against both strains, with the hexane fraction of the bark showing the strongest activity (MIC 6.25 microg/ml) against the resistant strain and a significant antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The bioassay-guided purification of the bioactive hexane fraction resulted in the isolation and identification of the naphthoquinone plumbagin as one of the metabolites responsible for the biological activity.  相似文献   

8.
Immunomodulatory activity of water and acetone extracts of stem bark of Pouteria cambodiana was examined on murine macrophage phagocytosis [nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) dye reduction and lysosomal enzyme activity] and proliferation of splenocytes and bone marrow cells by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay with and without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Both aqueous and acetone extracts presented immunomodulatory activity without clear dose response relationship.  相似文献   

9.
Methanolic extracts (25 microug/ml) of species belonging to the genera of Combretum, Terminalia and Pteleopsis, collected during a field expedition in Tanzania in 1999, were screened for their antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects against three human cancer cell lines (HeLa, cervical carcinoma; T 24, bladder carcinoma; and MCF 7, breast carcinoma). A leaf extract of Combretum fragrans and a fruit extract of C. zeyheri gave the strongest antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of all the twenty-four extracts screened in this investigation. In contrast to the highly powerful leaf extract of C. fragrans, the root extract of this species gave no cytotoxic effects against the investigated cancer cell lines at a concentration of 25 microg/ml. The other investigated species of Combretum and Terminalia differed greatly in their cytotoxic potential. Root extracts of Terminalia sambesiaca and T. sericea gave the strongest cytotoxic effects of the five species of Terminalia used in this study. Eight of the twenty-four investigated plant extracts showed pronounced cytotoxic effects (<30% proliferation compared to the control) against the T 24 bladder cancer cells, seven against the HeLa cells and four against the MCF 7 cells.  相似文献   

10.
Hexane extracts of aerial parts (flowered browes), leaves and roots of Sambucus ebulus were investigated for their antiinflammatory activity in rats. Aerial parts and roots extracts produced statistically significant and dose dependent inhibition of edema induced by carrageenan at all doses when compared to the control groups. On the contrary, hexane extract of leaves did not show any activity up to 600 mg/kg i.p. The highest activity was showed in the aerial parts and roots that at 600 mg/kg i.p. inhibited inflammation by ca. 80% (78% for diclofenac at 100 mg /kg i.p.). No extracts exhibit toxicity when injected up to 2 g/ kg intraperitoneally in mice.  相似文献   

11.
Calocedrus formosana Florin (Cupressaceae) is an endemic tree to Taiwan. To evaluate the antioxidant activity of the plant extracts from heartwood, bark, and leaf of C. formosana, assays for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and superoxide anion scavenging activities, as well as prevention of DNA strand cleavage were performed in this study. Similar IC50 values against the DPPH radical were found for the heartwood and bark extracts at approximately 23µg/ml. Moreover, the heartwood extract exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against superoxide radicals among the test samples; a 2.3-fold lower value of IC50 for superoxide radical inhibition was found in the heartwood extract relative to that of (+)-catechin. Much less effect on inhibition of DPPH and superoxide radicals was found from the leaf extract of C. formosana. More than 70% of superoxide radicals were inhibited in the presence of 10µg/ml heartwood extract, whereas only 15% inhibition was obtained from the leaf extract. The heartwood extract, at a dose of approximately 0.5mg/ml, apparently completely prevented the X174 supercoiled DNA cleavage induced by ultraviolet photolysis of H2O2, as judged by agarose gel electrophoresis. This report also suggests that the antioxidant activities of the plant extracts of C. formosana are in good correlation with their phenolic contents.  相似文献   

12.
The aqueous leaves extracts of Passiflora alata (100-300 mg/kg, i.p.) and Passiflora edulis (100-1000 mg/kg, i.p.) possess a significant antiinflammatory activity on carrageenan-induced pleurisy in mice. Treatment with the extracts inhibited leukocyte migration and reduced the formation of exudate. Moreover, a significant inhibition of myeloperoxidase and adenosine-deaminase activities was observed at the doses tested (100 or 250 mg/kg, i.p.). At the same doses, a significant decrease of serum C-reactive protein was observed.  相似文献   

13.
The effects of 120 methanol extracts prepared from bark and heartwood of 69 types of Japanese wood on the melanin production of B16 melanoma cells were examined. The melanin content of B16 melanoma cells was determined spectrophotometrically at 405nm. The extracts were also examined for their effects on cell viability. We found that the methanol extracts of Fagus crenata (buna, wood, 100μg/ml), Sapium sebiferum (Nankinhaze, wood, bark, 10μg/ml), and Zelkova serrata (keyaki, wood, 10μg/ml) greatly inhibited the melanin production of B16 melanoma cells without significant cytotoxicity. However, these extracts did not inhibit tyrosinase activity at the concentration of 100μg/ml. These findings indicate that the depigmenting mechanism of these extracts involves the suppression of some pigmenting signals in stimulating melanogenesis rather than the inhibition of tyrosinase activity. Part of this study was presented at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Fukuoka, Japan, March 2003  相似文献   

14.
Khan MR  Omoloso AD  Barewai Y 《Fitoterapia》2006,77(4):324-326
All fractions of Maniltoa schefferi exhibited a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. Good activity was demonstrated by the petrol and dichloromethane fractions of seed pods, seeds with coat and by methanol fractions of stem heartwood, root bark, root heartwood and stem bark whose butanol fraction was equally good. None of the fractions showed any antifungal activity.  相似文献   

15.
The antitussive activity of Crocus sativus stigma and petal extracts and its components, safranal and crocin, was evaluated using the nebolized solution of citric acid 20% in guinea pigs. The extract and agents were injected intraperitoneally. The ethanolic extract of C. sativus (100-800 mg/kg) and safranal (0.25-0.75 ml/kg) reduced the number of cough. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts of petal and crocin did not show antitussive activity.  相似文献   

16.
Raspberry (Rubus idaeus) leaves, collected in different locations of Lithuania were extracted with ethanol and the extracts were tested for their antioxidant activity (AA) by using ABTS(.)(+) decolourisation and DPPH(.) scavenging methods. All extracts were active, with radical scavenging capacity at the used concentrations from 20.5 to 82.5% in DPPH(.) reaction system and from 8.0 to 42.7% in ABTS(.)(+) reaction. The total amount of phenolic compounds in the leaves varied from 4.8 to 12.0 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) in 1 g of plant extract. Quercetin glucuronide, quercetin-3-O-glucoside and rutin were identified in the extracts.  相似文献   

17.
An ethyl acetate extract of bark from Evodia elleryana produced significant growth inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis at concentrations only minimally inhibitory to human T cells. The crude extract yielded 95% inhibition of TB at 50 microg/ml. The crude extract yielded 29% growth inhibition of human T-cells in culture at that concentration.  相似文献   

18.
The plant Phyllanthus reticulatus is claimed to have antidiabetic activity in tribal area. To validate the tribal claim, the petroleum ether and ethanolic extracts of leaves of the P. reticulatus were orally tested at 500 and 1000 mg/kg for hypoglycemic effect in alloxan induces diabetic mice. It shows antidiabetic activity at the dose of 1000 mg/kg. The phytochemical screening of the residues revealed the presence of terpenoids glycosides, protein, carbohydrates and absence of alkaloids and steroids.  相似文献   

19.
The methanolic extracts of the barks and pneumatophores of Xylocarpus moluccensis were assessed for their effects on the central nervous system (CNS) using a series of established pharmacological tests including pentobarbitone-induced sleeping time, open field, hole cross, hole-board and evasions tests in mice model. These extracts produced a dose-dependent reduction of the onset and duration of pentobarbitone-induced hypnosis, reduction of locomotor and exploratory activities in the open field, hole cross, head-dip and evasion tests. These results suggest that both the bark and pneumatophore extracts possess CNS depressant activity, the pneumatophore extract being more potent than the bark extract.  相似文献   

20.
Antibacterial activity of luteoforol from Bridelia crenulata   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The methanol extract of Bridelia crenulata stem bark (50-1.5625 mg/ml) and its isolated luteoforol (2-0.25 mg/ml) showed concentration-dependent inhibiting activity against all 10 tested bacteria.  相似文献   

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