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为了探讨生长因子（ＥＧＦ，ＰＤＧＦ）对牛卵母细胞体外成熟与早期胚胎体外发育的影响，本研究进行了两个实验。实验１：在卵母细胞体外成熟（ＩＶＭ）中，将卵母细胞平均随机的放入表皮生长因子浓度为０，２．５，２５，５０μｇ／Ｌ的成熟培养液和对照组中。实验２：在早期胚胎体外培养（ＩＶＣ）过程中，将受精卵平均随机分配入５个不同培养液的处理组：（１）ＴＣＭ－１９９＋１０％阉公牛血清（ＳＳ）；（２）ＴＣＭ－１９９＋ＥＧＦ＋ＰＤＧＦ；（３）ＴＣＭ－１９９＋ＥＧＦ；（４）ＴＣＭ－１９９＋ＰＤＧＦ；（５）ＴＣＭ－１９９＋无生长因子、其中ＥＧＦ：５０μｇ／Ｌ，ＰＤＧＦ：０．１μｇ／Ｌ。２，３，４，５组有０．１％ＰＶＡ和０．３％ＢＳＡ，并与颗粒细胞单层协同培养。卵母细胞的体外成熟（ＩＶＭ）、体外受精（ＩＶＦ）和早期胚胎体外培养（ＩＶＣ）的方法与Ｌｕ等（１９８７）报道的相同。结果表明：浓度为５０μｇ／Ｌ的处理组分裂率与对照组无差异（８９．０％，９２．４％，Ｐ＞０．０５），而浓度为０，２．５，２５μｇ／Ｌ的处理组分裂率均显著低于对照组（７８．６％，８２．３％，８４．３％，Ｐ＜０．０５），在囊胚率和第７ｄ一级胚胎率上各组均无差异。ＥＧＦ在体 相似文献
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本研究探讨了用体外受精胚胎作供体、体外成熟卵母细胞作受体进行核移植的可能性，比较了两种不同核移植方法的效果。本研究结果在我国首次获得牛核移植的成功。从屠宰场回收的黄牛卵巢中抽取未成熟的卵母细胞，采用以前报道的方法（Ｓｈｉｅｔａｌ，Ｔｈｅｎ－ｏｙｅｎｏｌｏｙ，１９９１，３５；２７１）进行体外成熟（ＩＶＭ）和体外受精（ＩＶＦ），获得ＩＶＭ如母细胞和ＩＶＦ胚胎。体外受精用精液为奶牛精液。在ＩＶＭ２３～２４ｈ＄母细胞去核后用作受体卵，体外发育到８～３２细胞期的ＩＶＦ胚胎用作核供体．去核后的卵母细胞分两组：！．在Ｗ２６ｈ（或３０ｈ）用８０Ｖ／ｍｍ４０μｓ电激活两次，然后注入供体胚胎卵裂球，ＩＶＭ３２ｈ（或３６ｈ）进行电融合；Ⅱ．注卵裂球前不激活，在ＩＶＭ３１ｈ进行电融合。两组融合条件相同（８０Ｖ／ｍｍ４０μｓ×２，间隔１ｓ），融合液为０．３Ｍ甘露醇＋０．０５ｍＭＣａＣｌ２＋０．１ｍＭＭｇＳＯ４＋１０ｍＭ组氨酸。融合印在颗粒细胞单层培养滴内共培养，体外培养２４ｈ后观察卵裂结果。经体外培养５～８ｄ后发育到桑椹和囊胚的核移植胚胎移植到同期发情的受体奶牛子直角内。２个月后直检妊娠情况。本研究结果如下：Ⅰ组操作后存活率（９０． 相似文献
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为了探讨蛋白质添加剂对牛卵母细胞体外成熟、体外受精及早期胚胎体外培养的影响，通过２３３８个卵母细胞，按２×２×２设计方法进行试验，即在体外成熟、体外受精及早期胚胎体外培养三个阶段的培养液中，添加与不添加蛋白质物质（体外成熟与体外培养为发情母牛血清，体外受精为牛血清白蛋白）。试验结果表明，在体外成熟阶段的培养液中，有无发情牛血清对牛卵母细胞的核成熟无显著影响（有血清组为８９％，无血清组为９０％）。但在体外受精阶段，受精液中含有牛血清蛋白质处理组的卵母细胞受精后，分裂率显著地高于无血清蛋白质组（Ｐ＜０．０１，８４％ｖｓ７２％）。同样，在早期胚胎体外培养阶段，含有发情牛血清的培养液大大促进早期胚胎的发育，与无血清组比较，其差异性极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１，３５％ｖｓ２１％）。同时，含血清组的胚胎孵化率亦显著地高于无血清组（Ｐ＜０．０１，６９％ｖｓ４７％）。本研究表明，蛋白质添加剂在ＩＶＦ和ＩＶＣ阶段是必需的，而在ＩＶＭ阶段则不甚重要。 相似文献
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小麦雄性不育与内源激素关系的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
以小麦核质互作雄性不育（ＣＭＳ）和化学杂交剂（ＣＨＡ）诱导的雄性不育为材料，应用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法，研究了雄性不育与内源激素含量的关系。结果表明Ｔ型、Ｋ型ＣＭＳ和ＢＡＵ２、ＳＣ２０５３两种ＣＨＡ诱导的雄性不育均与ＩＡＡ含量降低有关。Ｔ型、Ｋ型ＣＭＳ不育花药内ＡＢＡ、ＺＲ和ＤＨＺＲ含量较保持系增加；而ＣＨＡ诱导的雄性不育ＡＢＡ含量随小孢子发育较对照降低，ＺＲ含量较对照降低，ＤＨＺＲ含量较对照增加。内源激 相似文献
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针对非结构化综合布线存在的问题和结构化综合布线系统优势，中国农科院网络工程实施中，根据计算机网络的需要和ＥＩＡ／Ｔ２Ａ５６８等国际通用（ＳＣＳ）的设计规范，以及建筑群体楼位结构和网络体系结构的具体情况，采用了先进的结构化综合布线系统（ＳＣＳ），本文介绍了中国农科院计算机网络通信结构化综合布线系统的功能和特点。 相似文献
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本文利用SPSS13.0分析软件对194尾松浦镜鲤的体重、体长和尾长值进行相关分析,并选用扩增效果好的30个微卫星标记,检测新品种松浦镜鲤繁殖群体的有效等位基因数（Ne）、观测杂合度（Ho）、期望杂合度（He）和多态信息含量（PIC）等遗传参数,以卡方检验估计群体Hardy-Weinberg平衡,最后还将30个基因座的不同基因型与个体的体重、体长和尾长进行了相关分析。结果显示,体重与体长高度线性相关,差异极显著;尾长与体重、体长分别呈显著相关,差异显著。多样性指数结果表明共检测到172个等位基因,片段长度在115～432bp之间,有效等位基因数为1.14～5.32;观测杂合度为0.07～0.92,期望杂合度为0.13～0.91;多态信息含量为0.12～0.79,其中高度多态（PIC≥0.5）21个,中度多态（0.25≤PIC≤0.5）7个,表明这个群体的多样性较高,信息含量比较丰富。我们还发现有4个遗传位点：HLJ328、HLJ693、MFW29和MFW48与体长性状显著相关（P〈0.05）,其中,位点HLJ328、HLJ693和MFW48还与体重性状显著相关（P〈0.05）,未发现与尾长性状相关的位点。本文获得的这些标记具有生长特性优势,可作为松浦镜鲤分子辅助育种的参考标记。 相似文献
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本文介绍中科院北京信通研制的离子质谱计ＩＭＳ－９３测量北京田力宝集团公司１０个厂家，１６种没批号的微生物肥科；介绍仪器测量的准确度和精密度，榈自理和测量方法，得出这批榈天培养的绝对固氮量。 相似文献
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Kaouther Mechergui Wahbi Jaouadi Wubishet A. Bekele Mohamed Larbi Khouja Wolfgang Friedt 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(4):717-732
Thirteen simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers developed from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of essential oil glands of Origanum vulgare were previously evaluated. These EST-SSR loci were analyzed to study the genetic diversity and differentiation of Origanum vulgare subsp. glandulosum, an endemic species of Tunisia. The study was performed on five natural populations from the Maghreb regions (North Africa) from northern Tunisia (Sejnane, Krib, Bargou, Zaghouan and Nefza). Two other subspecies of O. vulgare were used as out-group. These are O. vulgare subsp. hirtum (from USA) and O. vulgare subsp. vulgare (from Italy). A total of 60 alleles were detected in the seven populations studied. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 9. This analysis revealed that the unbiased expected heterozygosity (0.327) is higher than the observed heterozygosity (0.242), reflecting a deficit in heterozygosity in the total population. Only the Sejnane population has an excess of heterozygosity. The differentiation between Tunisian populations is highly significant and indicates the presence of a structure between these populations. However, the indexes of genetic differentiation (FST) values are low and vary between 0.048 and 0.115 which indicate the presence of a weak structure. The value of the FST between Nefza and Krib is not significant, reflecting the absence of genetic structure between them. The value of gene flow between these two populations is the most important (27.34), showing a substantial exchange of genes or genomic regions between them. The migration of genes is less important among the other Tunisian populations. Genetic structuring according to the geographical origin of Tunisian populations is low but still exists, which allows concluding the presence of a single complex gene pool. 相似文献
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M. D. Sánchez-Yélamo 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2014,61(7):1295-1306
As a part of a wide project to determine the conservation status and collecting expeditions of wild plant genetic resources of genus Brassica (species n = 9) of the Iberian Peninsula, twenty-nine wild populations of Brassica oleracea L. were characterised using the isoenzymatic profiles of seeds collected from their natural habitats. The zymograms, obtained using bulking seeds, identified samples faster than other methodologies, which could be useful in seed bank management as well as the regular monitoring of the status of in situ conservation. Five isoenzymatic systems were analysed considering the electrophoretic phenotype of the whole population (not individuals). Using enzymatic bands as qualitative characters, data were evaluated using phenetic clustering methods unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages. The enzyme systems showed high polymorphism levels, and each studied population of B. oleracea showed a characteristic zymogram in each of the assayed enzyme systems. The clustering analysis using the Dice coefficient showed that most of the studied populations can be considered significantly different from each other. This study proposes a rapid screening strategy for obtaining the electrophoretic profiles of samples and comparing population patterns. Two main of conclusions can be drawn from the results of this work: (1) compared to other molecular techniques and the efficiency and reliability of isoenzyme analyses, this method appears to be a useful tool for a rapid characterisation of samples; (2) in situ observations of populations suggest that conservation status of wild B. oleracea in their natural habitat in Spain can be considered satisfactory. 相似文献
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Variation in competitive abilities of plants and microbes for specific amino acids 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
D. A. Lipson T. K. Raab S. K. Schmidt R. K. Monson 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1999,29(3):257-261
Microbes are assumed to possess strong competitive advantages over plants for uptake of nutrients from the soil. The finding
that non-mycorrhizal plants can obtain a significant fraction of their N requirement from soil amino acids contradicts this
assumption. The amino acid glycine (Gly) has been used as a model amino acid in many recent studies. Our preliminary studies
showed that Gly was a poor substrate for microbial growth compared to other amino acids. We tested the hypothesis that the
alpine sedge Kobresia myosuroides competes better for Gly than for other amino acids because of decreased microbial demand for this compound. Soil microbial
populations that could grow using Gly as a sole carbon source were about 5 times lower than those that could grow on glutamate
(Glu). Gly supported a significantly lower population than any of the ten other amino acids tested except serine. In contrast,
K. myosuroides took up Gly from hydroponic solution at faster rates than Glu. In plant-soil microcosms, plants competed with soil microbes
3.25 times better for Gly than for Glu. We conclude that the low microbial demand and the rapid plant uptake of Gly relative
to other amino acids allow Gly to be an especially important nitrogen source for K. myosuroides.
Received: 9 February 1998 相似文献
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Variation was studied in subterranean clover for two morphological and four adaptive characters on genetically complex populations from Sardinia. The aim was to assess the population genetic structure in this almost completely inbred species, and to verify whether or not similar levels of diversity occurred at distinct sites of origin. Differences were found among populations for the class frequencies of the two morphological characters and for the subsequent level of intrinsic diversity measured by the Shannon-Weaver index. The variation among and within populations found for the other four characters suggested thatpopulations adjust in the long term their adaptive features to the environmental conditions but maintain contextually high levels of intra-population variation, which, in turn, is a primary factor of adaptation in environments that are seldom uniformspatially and temporally. A principal component analysis executed on the important traits for adaptation showed that these features could be combined, on the average, in different ways in the genetically complex populations here examined. Similarities or differences among populations were not necessarily related to geographic distances ofthe respective collection sites. 相似文献
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应用花药离体培养技术 ,对水稻不同遗传背景材料的去分化和再分化能力以及花粉植株后代性状遗传变异动态进行研究 ,并分析了花粉植株后代的有关同工酶。结果表明 :1.不同遗传背景材料的愈伤组织诱导率、绿苗分化率有明显差异 ,其中 94 P 70的培养力最高 ,其次是汕优桂 99,其余未分化出绿苗。2 .花粉植株一代 ( H1)性状表现多样性 ;H2 代有少数株系的性状优于 H1代 ,发生分离 ,大多数株系的主要性状相对稳定 ,并出现优于 H1代及亲本的性状。3.花粉植株 H2 代的大多数株系的酯酶和过氧化物酶谱带数与亲本相同 ,只有个别株系与亲本不同。 相似文献
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应用RAPD分析川西北高原老芒麦自然居群的遗传多样性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用RAPD标记对来自青藏高原东南部川西北高原的8个老芒麦自然居群的遗传多样性和群体遗传结构进行了分析和评价。从150个RAPD引物中筛选出25个能扩增出高度重复性条带的引物。这25个引物共扩增出370条可分辨的条带,其中291条(占78.65%) 具有多态性,表明供试居群在物种水平上存在较高水平的变异。同时各居群的多态性位点比率(PP)在46.49%到53.78%之间变化,表明群体水平的变异较低。居群的平均基因多样性(HE)为0.176(变幅为0.159~0.190),而物种水平的平均基因多样性达0.264。基于Nei’s基因多样性、Shannon指数和贝叶斯方法的群体分化系数分别为32.0%、33.7%和33.5%。AMOVA 分析表明居群内遗传达到总变异的59.9%,而居群间变异仅有40.1%,但二者均达到极显著水平(P < 0.001)。居群间每世代迁入个体数(Nm)达到0.503个。各居群间存在较高的Nei’s遗传一致度。本研究获得的老芒麦的遗传结构不同于已报导的大多数披碱草属物种。另外,基于聚类分析及AMOVA的结果均表明各居群间存在较为明显的地理分化,8个居群分化为采集地的南部和北部2个分支。总之,研究结果表明来自青藏高原东南部的老芒麦居群具有较高水平的遗传变异。在该地区应尽量选择遗传多样性高的老芒麦居群实施就地保护。 相似文献
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Allen Cays Rock Iguanas (Cyclura cychlura inornata) are native to two small islets (Leaf and U Cay) in the north-central Bahamas. These populations were nearly extirpated in the early 1900s because of heavy hunting pressure (for food), but increased to a total of ca. 150 lizards in 1970, and now number over 500 (not including juveniles). Over the past several decades poaching has declined, but tourist visitation (including nearly daily supplemental feeding of iguanas) has increased. To examine human impacts on the demography of these iguanas, survival, population growth rates, and population sizes for subadult and adult (>25 cm snout-vent length) males and females on the two cays were estimated based on mark-recapture data collected over a 25-year period (1980-2004). As predicted, annual survival probability was higher on U Cay (with less human visitation) than on Leaf Cay, was higher in females than in males (which are bolder), and exhibited a declining trend. Both populations more than doubled during this study, but population growth rates declined to near zero in recent years. These data reflect the importance of human impacts, but also suggest that the populations may be nearing carrying capacity. The rapid population growth observed on these cays, and that seen for several other translocated iguana populations, suggest that if unnatural causes of mortality are reduced or eliminated, island populations of iguanas are capable of rapid recovery. The inexpensive establishment of assurance colonies on undisturbed “islands” should be considered for any comprehensive management plan for endangered species of iguanas. 相似文献
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Naturalized cocoa populations originating from the Oyapok and Tanpok basins in French Guiana were studied for their technological
characters (bean count, fat content, purine content) and sensory characters (overall aroma intensity, cocoa flavour, acidity,
bitterness, astringency, fruity or floral tastes, aftertaste, etc.), along with three controls (Amelonado and Ecuadorian varieties).
The bean count in Guianan cocoa was higher than that of the controls, but it generally remained acceptable (below 100). Caffeine
content was much higher than that of the Amelonado control. The overall aroma intensity and cocoa flavour of the chocolates
made with the dry cocoa beans from Guianan trees were statistically superior to those of the industrial reference, the West
African Amelonado. The other criteria studied, particularly the fat content, did not reveal any significant differences from
the controls.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
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为了明确江苏省麦田猪殃殃对主导除草剂苯磺隆的敏感性差异及其抗性机制,采用整株生测法测定了采自江苏省小麦田的28个猪殃殃(Galium aparine L.)种群对苯磺隆、苄嘧磺隆、氯氟吡氧乙酸、2甲4氯钠、唑草酮的敏感性,分析了代表性种群乙酰乳酸合酶(acetolactate synthase, ALS)的离体活性及其基因位点突变状况。结果表明,28个种群中,23个种群对苯磺隆有2.18~17.10倍的相对抗性,18个种群对苄嘧磺隆产生了交互抗性,所有种群对氯氟吡氧乙酸、2甲4氯钠、唑草酮均敏感。LHQ-2和JYS-1种群的相对抗性倍数高于14,ALS酶离体活性达到敏感种群DHX-2的250倍以上,其第197位由脯氨酸突变为苏氨酸;WJQ-2种群的相对抗性倍数为10.39,ALS酶离体活性是敏感种群DHX-2的41.45倍,其第376位由天冬氨酸突变为甘氨酸;RGS-1种群的相对抗性倍数为8.82,ALS酶离体活性是敏感种群DHX-2的15.27倍,其第574位由色氨酸突变为亮氨酸。抗苯磺隆的猪殃殃种群比例呈现由苏南到苏北逐渐增加的趋势,苯磺隆和苄嘧磺隆间存在交互抗性,靶标酶ALS活性增强及其基因位点突变是抗性产生的主要原因。本研究结果为江苏省麦田猪殃殃的精准防控提供了理论依据和技术支撑。 相似文献