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1.
The efficacy of two formulations of a topically applied 65% permethrin spot-on for dogs (Defend EXspot Treatment for Dogs, Schering-Plough Animal Health Corp.) was evaluated against experimental infestations of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis, and the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Thirty dogs were randomly allocated to treatment with 65 % permethrin in diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (original formulation), 65 % permethrin in propylene glycol monomethyl ether (test formulation), or to an untreated control group. Dogs assigned to treatment with a permethrin formulation received either 1 or 2 ml of the formulation in accordance with label directions on Day 0. One hundred unfed, adult cat fleas and 50 unfed, adult ticks were placed on each dog on Days -1, 5, 12, 19, 26, 33, and 40. Live fleas and ticks were counted on each dog on Days 2, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42. Treatment of dogs with either formulation of 65 % permethrin significantly (P <.05) reduced the number of live fleas and ticks from Days 2 through 42. No statistical differences were noted between the formulations regarding efficacy against C. felis or R. sanguineus.  相似文献   

2.
The efficacy of two formulations of a topically applied 65% permethrin spot-on (Defend Exspot Treatment for Dogs, Schering-Plough Animal Health) was evaluated against experimental infestations of the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis and the lone star tick Amblyomma americanum in dogs. Eighteen dogs were randomly assigned to treatment with 65% permethrin in either diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (DGME; original formulation) or propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME) or to be untreated as a control. Treated dogs received either 1 (body weight < 15 kg) or 2 ml (body weight > or =15 kg) of the assigned formulation on Day 0. One hundred unfed, adult C. felis were placed on each dog on Days -6, -1, 4, 11, 18, 25, and 32. Fifty unfed, adult ticks were placed on each dog on Days -1, 3, 9, 16, 23, and 30. Live fleas and ticks were counted and removed on Days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Treatment of dogs with the 65% permethrin in DGME reduced flea numbers by 90.4% to 99.9% from Days 3 through 21 (P < or =.05) and by 48.2% 28 days after treatment. Treatment of dogs with 65% permethrin in PGME reduced flea numbers by 93.7% to 99.7% from Days 3 through 28 and by 78.4% 35 days after treatment (P < or =.05). Treatment with 65% permethrin in DGME reduced tick numbers by 90% or more only on Day 7, whereas treatment with 65% permethrin in PGME reduced the number of live ticks by 90%or more on Days 7 and 14 and approached 90%(87.9%) on Day 21. Efficacy against fleas and ticks for the PGME formulation was significantly better (P < or =.05) than for the DGME formulation on Day 28. Findings in this study indicate that both the DGME and PGME formulations of 65% permethrin performed well in reducing numbers of live C. felis and A. americanum on laboratory beagles; however, the PGME formulation was effective approximately 1 to 2 weeks longer than the DGME formulation.  相似文献   

3.
The efficacy of a single treatment with a 12.5% pyriprole spot-on formulation against induced infestations with R. sanguineus ticks and cat fleas (C. felis) as well as its persistence after repeated washing and shampooing was investigated in four separate studies. In a first study on R. sanguineus involving 32 beagle dogs, the efficacy at various time-points during the 30 days that followed treatment assessed 48 h after re-infestation ranged from 100% to 99.3%. No engorged ticks, alive or dead, were found in the treated animals. Shampooing 2 days after treatment and weekly washings did not affect the efficacy. In a second study on R. sanguineus involving 32 beagle dogs, the efficacy at various time-points during the 30 days that followed treatment assessed 48 h after re-infestation ranged from 100% to 96.8%. Single washing 8h after treatment and single shampooing 24 h after treatment had no negative impact on the efficacy of the product. In a third study on C. felis involving 28 beagle dogs, the efficacy at various time-points during the 30 days that followed treatment assessed 48 h after re-infestation was always 100% and weekly washings did not diminish the efficacy. In a last study on C. felis involving 24 beagle dogs, the efficacy at various time-points during the 5 weeks that followed treatment assessed 48 h after re-infestation ranged from 100% to 99.8%, and shampooing 24 h after treatment did not reduce the efficacy. The product was well tolerated by the dogs.  相似文献   

4.
A novel spot-on formulation containing metaflumizone plus amitraz (ProMeris/ProMeris Duo for Dogs, Fort Dodge Animal Health, Overland Park, KS) was evaluated in four laboratory studies to confirm efficacy against fleas and ticks on dogs for 1 month. Three different strains of cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis felis) and four tick species were used. Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Dermacentor variabilis were evaluated concurrently in two studies and Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum in one study each. In all studies, dogs were randomly allocated to treatment groups and compared with nontreated dogs. One study also included a placebo treatment and a commercial product containing fipronil plus S-methoprene. All treatments were applied to the skin at a single spot between the scapulae on Day 0. Dogs were infested with fleas and/or ticks prior to treatment and then reinfested at weekly intervals for 6 weeks after treatment and evaluated for efficacy at 1 or 2 days after treatment and each reinfestation. These studies confirmed that treatment with ProMeris for Dogs at the proposed commercial dose rate rapidly controlled existing infestations of fleas and ticks on dogs. Treatment provided control of reinfesting fleas for up to 6 weeks and at least 4 weeks control of ticks. Efficacy was confirmed in a variety of dog breeds against three different flea strains and four common species of ticks found on dogs in the United States.  相似文献   

5.
A controlled clinical trial was undertaken to assess the efficacy of an application of a 0.07% deltamethrin shampoo against fleas and ticks in dogs. Twenty beagles, housed in separate cages, were randomly allocated into two groups of 10. The dogs were infested with 50 Ctenocephalides felis and 50 Rhipicephalus sanguineus each, and parasites were counted 24 h (fleas) and 72 h (ticks) later (Day 0). Dogs, when state, were then treated with 25 ml of a shampoo containing 0.07% deltamethrin (Group 1). Dogs in Group 2 were the controls. Fleas and ticks were counted 24 h (Day 1) and 48 h (Day 2) after the shampoo was applied, and the parasites were then removed. All the dogs were reinfested with fleas and ticks on Days 2, 7, 9, 14, 16 and 20. Parasites were counted 24 and 48 h after each reinfestation. Effectiveness against fleas was calculated 24 h after infestation, and against ticks 48 h after infestation. This study showed that the application of 25 ml of shampoo containing 0.07% deltamethrin to beagle dogs weighing between 10.2 and 12 kg was very well tolerated. It controlled the parasites present on the animals at the time of application: with an efficacy of 100% against fleas 24 h after treatment and an efficacy of 95% against ticks 48 h after treatment. The treatment protected against flea reinfestations with an efficacy of 100% during the first week, >98% in the second week and >95% in the third week. It also gave >99% protection against tick reinfestations in the first week and >96% in the second week.  相似文献   

6.
Two topically applied spot-on products used for flea and tick control on dogs, 65% permethrin (Defend EXspot Treatment for Dogs, Schering-Plough Animal Health Corp., Union, NJ) and selamectin (Revolution [United States] or Stronghold [Europe], Pfizer Animal Health, New York, NY), were evaluated for repellency and efficacy against Ixodes ricinus, the primary vector of Lyme disease in Europe. Eighteen dogs were evenly and randomly allocated to the following treatments: 1) 65% permethrin, 2) selamectin, 3) untreated control. Dogs were treated by topical application of the assigned product in accordance with product label directions on Day 0. At 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after treatment, each dog was exposed for 2 hours to 50 unfed, adult ticks in a cage with a carpet that covered approximately 70% of the floor area. After the exposure period, dogs were removed from the cages and live and dead ticks were counted on the dogs and in the cages. The number of live ticks recovered was reduced by 90.3% to 99.5% for dogs treated with 65% permethrin (P <.0001 versus controls and selamectin), compared with 10.9% to 31.1% for dogs treated with selamectin (P >.05 versus controls). The repellency of 65% permethrin was 63.4% to 80.2% against I. ricinus ticks (P <.0001 versus controls, P <.0007 versus selamectin), compared with 0% to 10.9% repellency for selamectin (P >.05 versus controls).  相似文献   

7.
A spot-on formulation combining permethrin, dinotefuran and pyriproxyfen (Vectra 3D? spot-on solution for dogs - one 10-25kg pipette contains 196mg dinotefuran, 1429mg permethrin and 17mg pyriproxyfen) was evaluated in adult Beagle dogs in a study designed to measure its efficacy to control Aedes aegypti (anti-feeding effect and mortality effect). The trial was performed according to Animal Welfare and Good Clinical Practice. Twelve dogs (five males and seven female, >3 years old, weighing 8.8-13.0kg) were randomly allocated to treatment groups on pre-treatment mosquito counts: six dogs served as untreated controls, and six dogs were treated with the test formulation. Treatment consisted of applying a combination formulation to deliver at least 46.6mgkg(-1) permethrin, 6.40mgkg(-1) dinotefuran and 0.57mgkg(-1) pyriproxyfen. The combination is designed to control fleas, ticks, sand flies and mosquitoes. Each dog was infested with approximately 100 adult unfed A. aegypti once before treatment (day 6) then at 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post-treatment. Counts and engorgement determination of dead and live mosquitoes were performed after 1h exposure period. In the treated group (group A), the repellency effect of the product based on engorgement status (anti-feeding effect), was 91.5%, 94%, 94.7%, 94% and 87% at 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post-treatment. Mortality effect or insecticidal efficacy calculated at the end of the 1-h exposure was almost identical when calculated 24h after the 1-h exposure and remained above 93% until the end of the in-life phase. No adverse events were observed following treatment, including observations conducted 2, 4 and 24h after the last dog was treated.  相似文献   

8.
The efficacy of 2 sets of collars (Kiltix Collar, Bayer AG), containing different plasticisers and impregnated with the acaricides flumethrin (2.25%) and propoxur (10%), was compared against adult Rhipicephalus sanguineus on experimentally infested, kennelled dogs. Thirty individually penned dogs were infested with 25 male and 25 female, unfed R. sanguineus. On the following day they were allocated to 3 groups of 10 dogs each on the magnitude of their tick burdens. Two days after infestation, medicated collars containing 1 of the plasticisers were fitted to 10 of the dogs and similar collars containing the other plasticiser were fitted to 10 others. The remaining 10 dogs were the untreated controls. Seven and 28 days after having fitted the collars, all dogs were re-infested with 50 unfed adult ticks of both sexes, and again at approximately 28-day intervals up to the 5th month, and then at approximately 14-day intervals during the 6th month. Efficacy was determined by comparing the mean number of live, attached ticks on the untreated control group with those on the collared dogs 2 days after each re-infestation. Immediate efficacy of the collars (Day +2) was > 95%, and residual efficacy was > 98% up to and including Day +114, and > 93% up to Day +170 on both groups of collared dogs. The mean tick counts on the 2 groups of collared dogs did not differ significantly (P < 0.0001) for any of the assessment days.  相似文献   

9.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate efficacy of monthly administration of selamectin, fipronil, and imidacloprid against Ctenocephalides felis in dogs. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. ANIMALS: 44 healthy dogs. PROCEDURE: Dogs known to be free of fleas were infested with 100 unfed adult fleas on days -28 and -21. On days 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120, dogs (12/group) were treated by topical administration of selamectin (6 mg/kg [2.7 mg/lb] of body weight), fipronil (7.5 mg/kg [3.4 mg/lb]), or imidacloprid (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb]); 8 untreated dogs were used as controls. On day -6 and every 2 weeks after initial treatment, comb counts of viable adult fleas were made, and fleas (< or =50/dog) were replaced onto the dog from which they were removed. On day 89, fleas were not replaced. On day 91 and every 7 days until the end of the study, dogs were challenged with 20 adult fleas. RESULTS: 14 days after initial treatment, geometric mean flea counts were reduced by 97.5 to 99.1 % for all treatments, compared with pretreatment counts on day -6. Selamectin, fipronil, and imidacloprid reduced geometric mean flea counts by 99.7 to 100% from day 29 to the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Selamectin is as effective as fipronil and imidacloprid in reducing C felis infestation in dogs housed for 3 months in a flea-infested environment under conditions known to support the flea life cycle, and in protecting against subsequent weekly challenges with C felis for an additional 2 months.  相似文献   

10.
Selamectin was evaluated in eight controlled studies (4 in dogs, 4 in cats) to determine the efficacy of a single topical unit dose providing the recommended minimum dosage of 6mgkg(-1) against Ctenocephalides felis felis and Ctenocephalides canis fleas on dogs and against C. felis on cats. In addition, the effect of bathing on the efficacy of selamectin against C. felis was evaluated. Identical studies were performed in Beagles and domestic shorthaired cats. For each study, animals were allocated randomly to treatments of 8-12 animals each. All studies (dog studies A, B, C, and D and cat studies A, B, C, and D) evaluated the efficacy of selamectin without bathing. In addition, study C in both dogs and cats evaluated efficacy with a shampoo bath at 24h after dosing, and study D evaluated the efficacy of selamectin with water soaking at 2h after dosing or with a shampoo bath at 2-6h after dosing. Dog study B evaluated efficacy against C. canis, whereas all other studies used C. felis. In each study, selamectin was administered on day 0 as a topical dose that was applied directly to the skin in a single spot at the base of the neck in front of the scapulae. Dogs and cats were infested with approximately 100 viable unfed C. felis or C. canis on days 4, 11, 18, and 27. On days 7, 14, 21, and 30, approximately 72h after infestation, a comb count of the number of viable fleas present on each animal was made. For C. felis and C. canis for dogs and cats, compared with controls, selamectin achieved significant reductions in geometric mean adult flea comb counts of > or =98.9% on days 7, 14, and 21 in all eight studies. On day 30, the reduction for C. felis remained at or above 98.0%. This included the dogs and cats that were soaked with water or bathed with shampoo at 2, 6, or 24h after treatment. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences between the flea counts from selamectin-treated animals in these studies, regardless of bathing status. On day 30, a significant reduction of 91.8% was achieved against C. canis on dogs. Thus, these studies demonstrated that a single topical unit dose of selamectin was highly effective against adult fleas on dogs and cats for at least 27 days.  相似文献   

11.
Dogs and cats were treated with 2% temephos [0,0'-(thiodi-p-phenylene) 0,0',0'-tetramethyl bis (phosphorothioate)] powder to evaluate its insecticidal activity against the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis). Dogs and cats were infested each week with approximately 100 unfed, unsexed fleas less than 14 days old. Live-flea counts were made each day. The experiment was terminated when all dogs and cats retained live fleas for 6 days or more. The 2% temephos powder resulted in excellent flea control on dogs and cats for 2 weeks, partial control for 3 to 4 weeks, and no effective control beyond 4 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Twenty-four beagles were randomly allocated into four groups of six and housed in separate cages. Each dog was infested with 25 Ctenocephalides canis and 25 Ctenocephalides felis felis and two days later (day 0) the dogs in groups 1, 2 and 3 received a spot-on application of selamectin (6 mg/kg), imidacloprid (10 mg/kg), or fipronil (6-7 mg/kg), respectively, while the dogs in group 4 were not treated. The dogs were combed 48 hours later, the fleas were removed, counted and their species were determined. All the dogs were reinfested with the same number of the two species of fleas on days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35, and the efficacy of the treatments was calculated 48 hours after each infestation. The mean numbers of fleas on the control dogs were 19.8 C. canis and 14.7 C. felis felis. The three treatments were effective for the full 35 days of the trial; over the first 28 days, the efficacy of selamectin ranged from 81 to 100 and 92 to 99 per cent against C. felis felis and C canis, respectively, the efficacy of imidacloprid ranged from 98 to 100 per cent and the efficacy of fipronil was 100 per cent against both species. There were no significant differences between the three treatments.  相似文献   

13.
A topically applied 65% permethrin spot-on (Defend EXspot Treatment for Dogs, Schering-Plough Animal Health) used for flea and tick control on dogs was evaluated for repellency and efficacy against the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, a vector of canine filariasis. Six dogs were randomly assigned to receive a single application of 65% permethrin on Day 0 (n=3) or to remain untreated as controls (n=3). Dogs were anesthetized and exposed to 100 unfed, female mosquitoes in screened cages for 2 hours on Days -6, -4, -1, 0, 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Mosquito landing rates, engorgement rates, and mortality were determined for each mosquito challenge. Cages were thoroughly cleaned after each mosquito challenge. Treatment of dogs with 65% permethrin reduced the mosquito landing rates by 96.3% 6 hours after treatment and by 82.5% on Day 1. Mosquito mortality, relative to the control group, was 28.2% 6 hours after treatment, ranged from 84.0% to 90.9% through Day 21, and declined to 50.3% 28 days after treatment. Successful feeding by mosquitoes was significantly (P=.05) reduced on Days 1 through 28. The 65% permethrin spot-on treatment killed and repelled significantly (P =.05) more mosquitoes on treated dogs versus untreated dogs for 28 days after treatment.  相似文献   

14.
In three separate studies, the efficacy of a single treatment with a 12.5% pyriprole spot-on solution was investigated against induced infestation with Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus on dogs (both sexes; Beagles in Studies 1 and 2, mixed-breed in Study 3). For each tick species, one group of 8 dogs left untreated (Studies 1 and 2) or treated with a placebo solution (Study 3) was compared with another group treated once with the spot-on solution at a dose rate of at least 12.5mg/kg. The dogs were infested with 50 unfed adult ticks of the respective species at various time-points before and after treatment and the surviving attached and unattached ticks were recorded 48 h after re-infestation. For each tick species, efficacy was assessed for each time-point and cumulatively for the whole evaluation period. The dogs were submitted to general health observations and clinical assessments during the study. Efficacy against I. ricinus and R. sanguineus was 100% during the whole evaluation period of 30 days. For D. reticulatus cumulative efficacy for the 30 days after treatment was 98.9%. The product was well tolerated by all the animals.  相似文献   

15.
The efficacy of orally administered powdered aloe juice (Aloe ferox) was evaluated against ticks on cattle and against ticks and fleas on dogs. Twelve calves were each infested over a 25-day period with approximately 4000 larvae of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus and allocated to 3 groups of 4 calves each. Three days after the last larval infestation and daily for 22 days thereafter, the calves in 1 group were fed 5 mg/kg body weight and those in another 25 mg/kg body weight of powdered aloe juice incorporated in game maintenance pellets, while the animals in the 3rd group received only pellets. Detached female ticks were collected daily and counted and the weights and the fertility of groups of 50 engorged female ticks collected from the animals were ascertained. The powdered aloe juice in the game maintenance pellets had no effect on the tick burdens of the calves or on the fertility of the ticks. Six dogs, in each of 2 groups, were treated daily for 15 consecutive days, commencing on Day -5 before the 1st tick infestation, with either 0.39 g or 0.74 g of powdered aloe juice, administered orally in gelatin capsules, while a 3rd group of 6 dogs served as untreated controls. All the dogs were challenged with Haemaphysalis leachi on Days 0 and + 7, and with Ctenocephalides felis on Days + 1 and + 8, and efficacy assessments were made 1 day after flea and 2 days after tick challenge, respectively. Treatment was not effective against ticks or fleas on the dogs.  相似文献   

16.
A novel spot-on formulation containing metaflumizone and amitraz (ProMeris/ProMeris Duo for Dogs, Fort Dodge Animal Health, Overland Park, KS) was evaluated in a laboratory study to determine the appropriate dose for efficacy against fleas and ticks on dogs for 1 month. Thirty-six Beagles were randomly allocated to six equal groups and individually housed. One group remained nontreated. Another was treated with a placebo formulation (solvents with no active ingredients). Three groups of dogs were treated topically with the metaflumizone plus amitraz formulation (150mg of each of metaflumizone and amitraz/ml), at volumes providing doses of 10, 20 and 40mgeachactive/kg. The final group was treated with a commercial spot-on providing 6.7mgfipronil/kg. All treatments were applied to the skin at a single spot between the scapulae on Day 0. Dogs were infested with 50 adult brown dog ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) on each of Days -2, 5, 12, 19, 26, 33 and 40, and with 100 cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis felis) on Days -1, 6, 13, 20, 27, 34 and 41. Dogs were examined and parasites "finger counted" on Day 1 to estimate knock down efficacy, and all animals were comb counted to determine the numbers of viable fleas and ticks on Days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42. There were no significant differences in parasite counts between the nontreated control and the placebo-treated control groups for either fleas or ticks (P>0.05) except for very slight reductions on Day 7 for fleas and Day 14 for ticks, demonstrating that the formulation excipients had no activity. The qualitative finger counts on Day 1 indicated that all of the insecticidal treatments resulted in a noticeable reduction in flea and tick numbers within 1 day of treatment. All of the metaflumizone and amitraz treatments and fipronil resulted in significantly lower flea and tick numbers relative to nontreated controls on all posttreatment count days (P<0.05). For the metaflumizone plus amitraz treatments, mean flea and tick counts for the 10mg/kg dose were significantly higher than those for the 20mg/kg dose (P<0.05) from Day 21 on. There was no significant advantage provided by the 40mg/kg dose over the 20mg dose throughout the entire study (P>0.05). The two higher metaflumizone plus amitraz doses provided >95% control of fleas and >90% control of ticks for at least 35 days after treatment, and this level of control was similar to that of the commercial fipronil product. The 20mg/kg dose was selected as the minimum commercial dose rate to provide effective flea and tick control for at least 1 month following a single treatment.  相似文献   

17.
A spot-on metaflumizone formulation was evaluated in adult domestic short hair cats to determine its adultidical efficacy against a flea strain that has reduced susceptibility to a number of insecticides. Eight cats served as non-treated controls, eight cats were treated with a metaflumizone formulation at 0.2 ml/kg (40 mg metaflumizone/kg) and eight cats were treated with fipronil 10% w/v-(s)-methoprene 12%w/v at 0.075 ml/kg (7.5-7.7 mg fipronil/kg:9.0-9.2 mg (s)-methoprene/kg). On days -1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 each cat was infested with approximately 100 unfed KS1 cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis. At approximately 48 h after treatment or infestation, each cat was combed to remove and count live fleas. Treatment with metaflumizone provided > or = 99.3% efficacy for 3 weeks post-treatment and then 97.4, 91.4 and 86.2% efficacy at 4, 5 and 6 weeks post-treatment, respectively. Fipronil-(s)-methoprene provided 99.6% efficacy at 1 week post-treatment and then 97.6, 96.4, 71.3, 22.0 and 13.1% efficacy at weeks 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively. The reductions in flea numbers were significantly greater for the metaflumizone treatment than for fipronil-(s)-methoprene from 3 to 6 weeks after treatment.  相似文献   

18.
Four studies were conducted to show the effectiveness of a novel combination of fipronil, amitraz and (S)-methoprene in a spot-on formulation (CERTIFECT?, Merial Limited, GA, USA) for the therapeutic and preventive control of Ixodid tick species affecting dogs in Europe: Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. In each, untreated control dogs were compared to others treated with the novel combination. All dogs were infested with 50 adult, unfed ticks prior to treatment and at 7-day intervals after treatment. Ticks on all dogs were counted at 18, 24 and 48 h after treatment (therapeutic efficacy) or infestation (preventive efficacy). Therapeutic efficacy of fipronil, amitraz and (S)-methoprene was excellent as shown by significant (p<0.05) and greater than 97% and up to 100% reductions in the 48 h tick counts and significant (p<0.05) detachment/death of ticks evident at 18-24h after treatment for all three tick species. Preventive efficacy was demonstrated by significant (p<0.05) and greater than 93% and up to 100% reductions in tick counts at 48 h after repeat infestations out to 35 days after treatment for I. ricinus and out to 42 days after treatment for D. reticulatus and R. sanguineus. The time to substantial disruption of establishment of new tick infestations after treatment was less than 18-24h and was maintained for up to 28 days after treatment of I. ricinus and D. reticulatus infestations, and 4h to at most 18 h and maintained up to 35 days after treatment of R. sanguineus. Similar preventive efficacy profiles for each of the Ixodid species tested suggest that CERTIFECT kills all Ixodid species starting 4h after contact as demonstrated for R. sanguineus.  相似文献   

19.
A spot-on metaflumizone formulation was evaluated to determine its adulticidal efficacy, effect upon egg production, and ovicidal activity when applied to flea infested cats. Eight male and eight female adult domestic shorthair cats were randomly assigned to either serve as non-treated controls or were treated topically with a minimum of 40mg/kg metaflumizone in single spot-on Day 0. On Days -2, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, and 56, each cat was infested with approximately 100 unfed cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis felis. On Days 1, 2, and 3, and at 48 and 72h after each post-treatment reinfestation, flea eggs were collected and counted. At approximately 72h after treatment or infestation, each cat was combed to remove and count live fleas. Egg viability was determined by examining hatched eggs after 5 days and adult emergence was determined 28 days after egg collection. Metaflumizone provided >/=99.6% efficacy against adult fleas from Days 3 to 45 following a single application. Following treatment, egg production fell by 51.6% within 24h and 99.2% within 48h. Following subsequent weekly infestations egg production from treated cats was negligible out to Day 38, with >/=99.5% reduction relative to non-treated cats. Where there were eggs to evaluate, metaflumizone treatment did not have any apparent effect on the hatching of eggs or on the development and emergence of adult fleas from the eggs produced by fleas from treated animals.  相似文献   

20.
Hedgehogs have become a popular pet despite their potential role in zoonotic disease transmission. We conducted an entomological study in a mountainous region of northeast Algeria in which we collected 387 fleas (Archeopsylla erinacei) and 342 ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Haemaphysalis erinacei) from Paraechinus aethiopicus and Atelerix algirus hedgehogs. Of the hedgehogs sampled, 77.7% and 91% were infested with fleas and ticks, respectively. Significantly more ticks and fleas were collected from A. algirus than from P. aethiopicus. Rickettsia felis was detected in 95.5% of fleas and R. massiliae was detected in 6.25% of Rh. sanguineus ticks by molecular tools. A new Rickettsia species of the spotted fever group was detected in 11.25% of Rh. sanguineus and in 77% of H. erinacei ticks. Overall, we show that hedgehogs can act as hosts for ectoparasites infected with several rickettsial agents. These data justify a more detailed investigation of animal reservoirs for Rickettsiae.  相似文献   

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