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以辽宁省广泛栽培的32个玉米品种的种子为材料进行种子带菌分析,采用保湿培养检验法和分离培养检验法分别对种子表面附带真菌及内部寄藏真菌进行分离和鉴定。在供试的32个玉米品种种子上共分离得到14属真菌,分别为枝顶孢属(Acremonium)、刺毛霉属(Actinomucor)、链格孢属(Alternaria)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、平脐蠕孢属(Bipolaris)、毛壳属(Chaetomium)、附球菌属(Epicoccum)、镰孢菌属(Fusarium)、串棒霉属(Gonatobotrys)、毛霉属(Mucor)、黑孢菌属(Nigrospora)、青霉属(Penicillium)、根霉属(Rhizopus)及木霉属(Trichoderma)。种子表面附带真菌以镰孢菌分离频率最高,可高达90%以上;其次是曲霉菌、青霉菌及木霉菌。而在内部寄藏真菌中则以曲霉菌和青霉菌分离频率较高;其次是镰孢菌和毛壳菌,其它各属则仅在一个或几个玉米品种中分离得到。 相似文献
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芝麻种子带菌检测及药剂消毒处理效果 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用吸水纸检测法对我国6个芝麻主产区的13个广泛栽培的芝麻品种进行了带菌检测,并测定了5种杀菌剂对芝麻种子的消毒效果。结果表明,芝麻种子外部携带真菌的主要类群包括镰孢属（Fusarium spp.）、棒孢属（Corynespora spp.）、长蠕孢属（Helminthosporium spp.）、壳球孢属（Macrophomina spp.）、链格孢属（Alternaria spp.）、曲霉属（Aspergillus spp.）和青霉属（Penicillium spp.）,其中引起芝麻茎点枯病的壳球孢属分离频率和带菌率最高。种子内部携带的真菌类群主要包括镰孢属、棒孢属、壳球孢属和曲霉属等,引起芝麻叶枯病的棒孢属真菌分离频率和带菌率最高。供试的5种杀菌剂对芝麻种子均有一定的消毒效果,其中50 %扑海因和80%多菌灵处理对芝麻种子消毒效果最显著。 相似文献
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2008--2009年在爱荷华州的2个地点,在大豆[Glycinemax（L．）]R3、R5和R3＋R5期进行了杀真菌剂唑菌胺酯（嗜球果伞素）和戊唑醇（苯三唑）施用试验研究,评价了大豆田间茎和种子被Phomopsis spp．侵染的发病率、产量和种子品质。结果表明,2008--2009年在R3＋R5时期和2008年在R5时期施用唑菌胺酯后,大豆茎Phomopsis spp．发病率降低,较对照未施药剂茎Phomopsis spp．发病率大约降低三分之二。 相似文献
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从胡椒科的胡椒、假蒟、蒌叶3种植物叶、枝条(茎)、根、花和果实共1624个表面消毒的组织块中,分离获得1648个内生菌株,包括内生细菌81株,内生真菌1567株。其中,内生真菌分属于9目、10科、20个属,主要归属于半知菌类和子囊菌门。结果表明:刺盘孢属(Colletotrichum spp.)为5种组织中的优势属,于叶片、茎及果中最多;炭角菌(Xylaria spp.)在叶片、茎及果实中仅次于刺盘孢属的优势属;短梗霉属(Aureobasidium sp.)为花轴及根的优势属;芽枝霉属(Cladosporium sp.)只在叶片中分离到;多节孢属(Nodulisporium spp.)仅在茎部组织中分离到;青霉属(Penicillium sp.)只在根组织中分离到。3种植物的不同组织中定殖率最低的为蒌叶根,仅25.00%;最高的为假蒟叶,高达96.23%。胡椒的分离率以茎最高,为1.3681,蒌叶、假蒟均以叶最高,分别为1.1667和1.5112。5种组织中多样性指数为叶、茎最高,花轴与根相似性最小,叶片与果相似性最大;3种植物中,胡椒与假蒟的相似性大于与蒌叶的相似性。 相似文献
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从来自陕西关中花生主产区大荔，渭南等５县１０样点的种子中共检出真菌２１种，其中交链孢菌、黑曲霉菌、镰孢菌、根霉菌、叶点霉及色二孢菌为主要菌类。不同产地的种子带菌种类差异不大，种皮带菌量高于子叶含菌量，花生种腐主要是由于镰孢菌，根霉菌等真菌所致。 相似文献
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１９９１￣１９９２年间，从宁夏自治区各地收集大麦种子２５０份，共分离得到真菌１２属１６种真菌，其中以镰刀菌属真菌最多，分离出３种：Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍ ｇｒａｍｉｎｅａｒｕｍ、Ｆ．ａｒｔｈｒｏｓｐｏｒｉｏｉｄｅｓ和Ｆ．Ｃｏｎｇｌｕｔｉｎａｎｓ；链格孢属次之，共２种：Ａｌｔｅｒｎａｒｉａ ｔｅｎｕｌｓ和Ａ．ｔｒｉｔｉｃｉｃｏｌａ。对这些菌的致病进行了测定，其中５属７种真菌具有致病性，约占整个测试真菌的４ 相似文献
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宁夏大麦种子寄藏真菌的鉴定及致病性测定 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
１９９１～１９９２年间,从宁夏自治区各地收集大麦种子２５０份,共分离得到真菌１２属１６种真菌,其中以镰刀菌属真菌最多,分离出３种：Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｇｒａｍｉｎｅａｒｕｍ、Ｆ．ａｒｔｈｒｏｓｐｏｒｉｏｉｄｅｓ和Ｆ．Ｃｏｎｇｌｕｔｉｎａｎｓ;链格孢属次之,共２种：Ａｌｔｅｒｎａｒｉａｔｅｎｕｉｓ和Ａ．ｔｒｉｔｉｃｉｃｏｌａ。对这些菌的致病性进行了测定,其中５属７种真菌具有致病性,约占整个测试真菌的４３％。同时发现大麦种子带菌很普遍,且种子内带菌与种子表面菌略有不同。 相似文献
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从采自中国海南和泰国的海南粗榧(Cephalataxus mannii Hook.f)树皮样品中分离得到213株内生真菌,依据菌落形态和显微特征对其中142株进行初步的种属鉴定。结果显示,它们分属34个属,未知属37株。其中,采自海南的样品中内生真菌分属13属,未知属13株;采自泰国的样品中内生真菌分属27属,未知属24株,表明不同地区的海南粗榧内生真菌类群存在一定差异。海南产海南粗榧内生真菌的优势种群为根霉属(Rhizopusspp.)和青霉属(Penicillium spp.),泰国产海南粗榧内生真菌的优势种群为酵母属(Saccharomyces spp.)和毛霉属(Mucor spp.)。 相似文献
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香蕉象甲(Cosmopolites sordidus)是芭蕉属(Musa spp.)经济作物最具破坏力的害虫,如何对其进行有效防治已成为一项重要议题。球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)在香蕉象甲防治方面具有很好的应用效果,对其应用研究的主要成果进行概述,这对以后进一步研究球孢白僵菌等昆虫病原真菌及其在害虫防治上的应用具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
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Zida PE Sérémé P Leth V Sankara P Somda I Néya A 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2008,11(3):321-331
Seed-borne fungi of sorghum and pearl millet in Burkina Faso were surveyed. A total of 188 seed samples from various locations, collected in 1989 (42) and 2002 (146), were tested, using the blotter, dry inspection and washing methods. Infection experiments were carried out with the major fungi recorded on each crop by the blotter test. Six essential oils of plants were investigated for their inhibitory activity against eight pathogenic fungi. Thirty four and 27 fungal species were found in seed samples of sorghum and pearl millet, respectively. Phoma sp. and Fusarium moniliforme infected 95 to 100% of the seed samples of both sorghum and pearl millet. Sphacelotheca sorghi and Tolyposporium ehrenbergii were encountered in respectively, 75 and 33% of seed samples of sorghum. T. penicillariae, Sclerospora graminicola and Claviceps fusiformis were present in 88, 41 and 32% of seed samples of pearl millet, respectively. Seeds inoculated with Acremonium strictum, Curvularia oryzae, F. equiseti, F. moniliforme and F. subglutinans and sown in sterilized soil, showed considerable mortality of the seedlings. Three essential oils inhibited in vitro the mycelial growth of all the fungi used by 85 to 100% and reduced significantly sorghum and pearl millet seed infection rates of Phoma sp., Fusarium sp., Curvularia sp., Colletotrichum graminicola and Exserohilum sp. Presence of many pathogenic fungi in considerable number of seed samples indicates the need of field surveys for these and other pathogens. Development of plant extracts for the control of seed-borne pathogens and public awareness on seed-borne diseases management measures for maintaining quality seed should be increased. 相似文献
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Jose Pablo Soto-AriasGary P. Munkvold 《Crop Protection》2011,30(5):577-580
Fungicides pyraclostrobin (strobilurin) and tebuconazole (triazole) were applied to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] at growth stages R3, R5 or R3 + R5, in 2008 and 2009 at two locations in Iowa. Incidence of infection of stems and seeds by Phomopsis spp. was evaluated, along with yield and seed quality. Stem infection by Phomopsis spp. was reduced in both years by pyraclostrobin applied at R3 + R5, and in 2008 by pyraclostrobin at R5, by approximately three-fold compared to the untreated control. In 2009, treatments including applications of tebuconazole at R3 and pyraclostrobin at R5 significantly reduced infection of seed by Phomopsis spp., by approximately two-fold compared to the untreated control. Only the application of pyraclostrobin at R3 + R5 reduced both stem and seed infection by Phomopsis spp. in 2009. None of the treatments had a significant effect on yield, or seed quality, evaluated by warm and cold germination tests. Seed infection by Phomopsis spp. was negatively correlated with seed quality. Fungicides applied at these growth stages can have an impact on infection by Phomopsis spp., but their effectiveness varies with environment and disease intensity. 相似文献
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施用根腐病生防颗粒剂对大豆田土壤微生物区系的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
采用田间小区试验,以木霉菌等多种生防菌结合的生防颗粒剂为材料,探讨施于大豆田后对土壤微生物的影响.调查结果显示,土壤中施入生防颗粒剂后未明显引起微生物区系变化,也没有使某些微生物明显地上升或下降.在大豆生育期间多数生防颗粒剂组合的真菌数量低于种衣剂拌种处理区;在大豆生育期间生防颗粒剂组合的放线菌数量都高于种衣剂拌种,在分枝期1号和4号生防颗粒剂处理的细菌数量高于种衣剂处理区和空白对照,开花期(R1)到成熟期(R8)多数生防颗粒剂处理的细菌数量也高于种衣剂处理和对照.生防颗粒剂在分枝期和开花期使土壤中木霉菌数量增加,生防颗粒剂组合、种衣剂处理区和空白对照在分枝期镰孢菌数量较低,除生防颗粒剂组合1号外葡萄孢菌数量在出苗期、结荚盛期都低于空白对照.除结荚期外,其它时期生防颗粒剂处理较空白对照区青霉菌多. 相似文献
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明确套作大豆种腐病菌的种类及其致病性,对于防治大豆种腐病,提高大豆产量和品质具有重要意义。
于2016~2018年从四川仁寿、崇州、南充等地收集大豆种腐病的病籽粒,通过组织分离与纯化,基于形态特征、rDNA
ITS和EF-1α 序列分析以及致病性测定,鉴定四川套作大豆种腐病的病原菌种类。结果表明：分离获得的70株菌株
被鉴定为藤仓镰孢菌Fusarium fujikuroi、木贼镰孢菌F. equiseti、亚洲镰孢菌F. asiaticum、大豆茎溃疡病菌Diaporthe
phaseolorum 和大豆北方茎溃疡病菌D. phaseolorum var. caulivora,分离频率分别为62.86%、21.43%、10%、4.29% 和
1.43%。致病性检测表明,各代表菌株均能够侵染套作大豆南豆12,引起种子腐烂,发芽率降低,芽长变短,且以F.
asiaticum 和D. phaseolorum 接种后菌丝覆盖面积、发病率和病情指数最高。本研究初步明确了镰孢菌属Fusarium
spp.和间座壳属Diaporthe spp.是四川套作大豆种腐病的致病菌,为大豆抗种腐病品种选育及病害防治提供了依据。 相似文献
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Effects of fungicide seed treatments on germination, population, and yield of maize grown from seed infected with fungal pathogens 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
C.D. SolorzanoD.K. Malvick 《Field Crops Research》2011,122(3):173-178
Seedborne fungi can reduce survival, growth, and yield of maize (Zea mays L.). Laboratory, field, and growth chamber experiments were conducted to determine the effects of the seed treatment fungicides fludioxonil, mefenoxam, and azoxystrobin on germination, plant population, and grain yield of maize grown from low-quality hybrid seed infected with seedborne fungal pathogens. Study I used seed of four hybrids infected at 0-54% incidence with Fusarium spp., Stenocarpella maydis, Penicillium spp., Rhizopus spp., and/or Aspergillus spp. Study II used three seed lots for each of two hybrids infected at 7-37% incidence with S. maydis. Warm and cold germination for untreated seed varied among hybrids in both studies. Warm germination of the seed lot with the highest incidence of S. maydis in study II treated with azoxystrobin and fludioxonil was significantly greater (+7%) than the nontreated control. Plant population in study I was significantly affected by seed treatment, hybrid, and their interactions. Populations were greater (≥9%) for fludioxonil, fludioxonil + mefenoxam, and fludioxonil + mefenoxam + azoxystrobin treatments compared to controls. In growth chamber experiments with pasteurized soil, emergence (≥5%) and plant dry weight (≥14%) were both greater than controls only with the triple seed treatment. Plant populations in study II for all seed treatments except mefenoxam and azoxystrobin alone were greater (≥4%) than controls. Yield in study I was significantly affected by hybrid and seed treatment. Yield for one hybrid was higher (≥20%) than the control with all seed treatments except fludioxonil, whereas yield with another hybrid was consistently greater (≥26%) only with the triple seed treatment. Yield in study II was significantly affected by hybrid, seed treatment, and their interactions. Yield was greater (≥8%) than the controls for all seed treatments with one hybrid and with all (≥5%) except azoxystrobin for the other hybrid. Highest yields occurred with the triple seed treatment. Results indicate that fludioxonil and azoxystrobin can increase germination, population, and yield of maize grown from seed infected by S. maydis and other fungi. 相似文献
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以常规粳稻秀水134为材料,设置清水浸种（CK）和咪酰胺浸种（Soak）两个处理,采用16S rRNA扩增子测序和分离培养等方法,研究浸种剂咪酰胺对水稻种子微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,Soak处理水稻种子表面真菌数目显著减少,而对水稻种子内细菌群落多样性和组成,包括细菌群落Shannon 指数、Chao1 指数、Observed OTUs、β多样性以及优势菌群相对丰度没有显著影响。可见,在农业生产中,咪酰胺浸种作为防治水稻种传病害的措施对种子内生菌群没有显著影响。 相似文献
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Emergence and plant performance were equivalent when peanut seed was treated with either a standard dust or with mixtures of liquid (suspension concentrate) formulations of fungicides applied at rates required to control soil- and seed-borne fungi. Liquid formulations do not pose the health and mechanical problems associated with dusts, so their use should be encouraged and adopted. A suitable treatment consists of a combination of captan 300g/l, dicloran 300g/l, an oil extender and rhodamine dye in acetic acid at 188, 247, 341 and 4 · 6 ml respectively per 100 kg of seed. 相似文献
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