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1.
T. Sivertsen T. H. Garmo S. Lierhagen A. Bernhoft E. Steinnes 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(3):188-197
AbstractIn order to obtain a more comprehensive knowledge basis for the supply of essential elements to sheep on pasture in Norway, a systematic, countrywide investigation of element composition of pasture plants was conducted, with emphasis on natural pastures. Samples of pasture grass, herbs, willow shrub leaves and bilberry (N = 575) from 142 locations were analysed for the essential trace elements Se, Co, I, Zn and Mn, and for the major elements Ca, P, Mg, Na and K. A large and systematic geographical variation was observed for Se, I and Na, while concentrations of Zn and of most major elements showed limited variation with sampling site. Se concentrations were inadequate in the majority of samples from all plant species. Marked botanical variation was noted for Co and Zn, and willow shrub leaves were identified as a valuable source of these elements in natural sheep pastures. 相似文献
2.
为了探索微量元素对妊娠母羊营养状况的影响,选取体重相近、年龄和胎次相同的卡拉库尔羊妊娠母羊和空怀母羊各6只,清晨采取颈静脉血样和臀部毛样,利用原子吸收光谱法对铜、锌、铁、锰4种微量元素含量进行了测定(国标法)。结果表明:血清中,铜的含量在妊娠母羊与空怀母羊之间差异显著(P<0.05);全血中,铁、铜、锰含量在妊娠母羊与空怀母羊之间差异显著(P<0.05);羊毛中,铜、锰含量在妊娠母羊与空怀母羊之间差异显著(P<0.05)。 相似文献
3.
Serum, plasma, or urine samples are usually used for the measurement of the trace elements copper; zinc, iron, selenium, because these samples are easy to obtain; however; these samples are not always appropriate. For example, it is not possible to measure molybdenum, the major antagonist of copper; in blood or urine. Therefore measurement of trace elements in liver tissue is considered the gold standard. For the assessment of selenium the method of choice remains determination of glutathion peroxidase in erythrocytes and for the assessment of magnesium determination of magnesium in urine. We determined the accuracy and repeatability of measuring trace elements in liver biopsies and whole liver homogenates. The levels of trace elements measured were similar in both preparations (92% agreement). Liver biopsy in live animals is a relatively simple procedure but not common in The Netherlands. Reference levels of trace elements, classified as too low, low, adequate, high, and too high, were established on the basis of our research and information in the literature. In a second study we investigated the practical aspects of obtaining liver tissue samples and their use. Samples were collected from cattle on a commercial dairy farm. Liver biopsy provided additional information to that obtained from serum and urine samples. We prepared a biopsy protocol and a test package, which we tested on 14 farms where an imbalance of trace minerals was suspected. Biopsy samples taken from 4 to 6 animals revealed extreme levels of trace elements. 相似文献
4.
Little is known about stability of hormones in blood samples stored under various conditions. This study was conducted to examine stability of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, insulin, cortisol and progesterone in blood and serum samples. Experiment 1 was designed to determine if concentrations of these hormones were affected by exposure to cellular elements of anticoagulated and coagulated blood when stored at 4 C and room temperature (22 to 26 C). Jugular venous blood was collected from six diestrous Holstein cows into evacuated bottles containing sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), heparin or no anticoagulant. Subsamples of EDTA-treated and heparinized blood were stored .25, .5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 and 72 h at 4 C or room temperature. Subsamples of blood without anticoagulant were stored in polypropylene tubes (clot tubes) or serum separator tubes for 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 ad 72 h. Mean concentrations of T3, T4, LH, prolactin and cortisol did not change in plasma or serum from either of the four types of samples stored at 4 C or room temperature for 72 h. The mean insulin concentration decreased 18% by 72 h in serum from serum separator tubes stored at room temperature. At 4 C, mean progesterone concentrations decreased 55% by 24 h and 73% by 72 h in plasma from EDTA-treated blood; 41% by 72 h in serum from clot tubes, and 26% by 24 h and 36% by 72 h in serum from serum separator tubes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
5.
为了解重庆三峡库区脐橙树体营养状况,以主产区奉节县为代表,2010-2013年期间对该县7个主产乡镇的191个脐橙园的当年生春梢营养枝叶片进行了营养元素含量分析。结果表明,树体营养元素失衡较严重,从叶片大中量营养元素看,叶片N含量充足且以过剩（偏高或过量,下同）为主,其过剩比例为58.11%;P含量以适宜和偏高为主,其比例分别为59.16%和31.94%;K含量以偏低为主,其含量不足（缺乏或者偏低,下同）的比例为56.03%。Ca含量以适宜和过剩为主,其比例分别为62.83%和30.89%;Mg和S含量不足的比例分别为31.94%和26.70%。从叶片的微量元素来看,叶片Fe元素含量最为丰富,其含量不足的比例仅5.76%;Mn和B处于适宜范围的果园比例也较高,分别为70.68%和62.07%;叶片Zn含量最为缺乏,含量不足的比例高达82.20%（缺乏比例达54.97%）;叶片Cu含量不足的果园也较高,占51.84%。奉节脐橙树体存在严重的Zn含量不足,生产上应该重视补充Zn肥,适量补充K、Mg和Cu肥,以满足柑桔营养平衡施肥。 相似文献
6.
吉林省土壤、饲料、猪体内镉、铬、汞、铅、砷含量及相关性分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用原子吸收法测定了吉林省东部山区(东区)、中部平原农业区(中区)、西部工业石油开采区(西区)猪体内、饲料及土壤中Cr、Pb、As、Hg、Cd 5种元素含量,探讨了三者的相关性.结果表明,(1)土壤中5种元素含量,西区>中区>东区;(2)饲料含量,Cr、Pb、As西区>中区和东区,其中Pb中区>东区;Cd、Hg相近;(3)猪体含量,Cr、Pb、As西区>中区>东区;Cd西区>东区>中区;Hg东区>西区>中区;(4)5种元素对3个区土壤、饲料、猪体组织均有不同程度污染,以西区最重.饲料吸收富集土壤中5种元素的作用显著,土壤与饲料间元素含量(除Cd外)均呈正相关(r>0.70);(5)猪体内元素含量随饲料含量增加而增加.有相当一部分肝、肾元素含量超出食品卫生标准. 相似文献
7.
青藏高原东北缘放牧草地土壤矿物元素含量及分布特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为科学评价放牧草地土壤矿物元素含量、分布特征以及对土-草-畜矿物生态系统的潜在影响,对青藏高原东北缘的4个县(天祝、大通、玛曲、若尔盖)的土壤特征和矿物元素进行分析调查。共计采集256个来自该地区不同土壤类型(高山草甸土、亚高山草甸土、沼泽土)的表层土壤样品,分析了土壤中11种矿物元素的有效含量(Ca、P、S、K、Mg、Na、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu和Co)和2种矿物元素(Mo和Se)全部含量。分析发现,土壤中多数矿物元素含量随着地区和土壤类型的不同而表现出一定的差异性,土壤中多数矿物元素含量与土壤有机碳和全氮呈显著正相关,相反与土壤pH有一定的负相关性。土壤中矿物元素磷和镁的有效含量均低于动物可能出现缺乏的临界值,土壤中全量硒的含量严重低于动物硒缺乏的临界值。土壤中磷、镁、硒的缺乏可能会引起该地区放牧家畜该矿物元素缺乏。另外,土壤中元素铁的有效含量远高于推荐值,土壤铁的含量过高可以引起牧草中铁的含量上升,进而影响家畜对其他元素的吸收。然而,要确认家畜是否存在该类矿物元素缺乏和不平衡问题,还需要进一步分析该地区牧草和家畜组织矿物元素含量以及家畜的生产力水平。 相似文献
8.
R W Coppock W E Hoffmann H B Gelberg D Bass W B Buck 《American journal of veterinary research》1989,50(3):411-415
Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) was given IV to pigs (0, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg of body weight), cattle (0 and 0.5 mg/kg), and dogs (0 and 0.5 mg/kg). Blood was collected and hemograms were done at 0.5-hour intervals for 8 hours. The animals were euthanatized at 8 hours after treatment, and bone marrow samples were taken and examined by light microscopy. Moderate to severe necrosis of bone marrow hematopoietic elements was found in animals given DAS. The sequential increase in the type and number of abnormal cells in the blood suggested a successive destruction of the hematopoietic elements. A marked left shift in the neutrophil population was found in animals given DAS. Metarubricytes and large platelets were found in the blood of animals given DAS. Lymphocytes were replaced with immature cells. Pathologic changes were most severe in the pigs given a dosage of 1.0 mg of DAS/kg. The order of species sensitivity to DAS was pigs greater than dogs much greater than cattle. 相似文献
9.
Flåøyen A. di Menna M.E. Wilkins A.L. Sandvik M. Berndt S. 《Veterinary research communications》2004,28(3):225-254
Thirty-nine leaf samples ofNarthecium ossifragum collected from eight sites in More og Romsdal County, Norway, during June–September 1997 and 41 leaf samples collected at five sites in the same county during June–August 1998 were analysed for the concentrations of steroidal sapogenins using GC-MS. The 1998 samples were also examined for fungal elements (conidia and hyphae) after incubation in a moist chamber for 10–14 days. The highest 1997 and 1998 leaf sapogenin concentrations (4881 and 7115 mg/kg dry matter, respectively) were 13–14 times greater than the lowest sapogenin concentrations found (344 and 531 mg/kg dry matter, respectively). The results did not reveal systematic differences in sapogenin concentrations between the two seasons, or between samples harvested early or late in the same seasons, or between sapogenin concentrations in plants harvested at different sites.Cladosporium magnusianum was the predominant fungus found in the samples. The degree of fungal infection on the samples was in generally low, but the number ofC. magnusianum colonies in the moist chamber preparations and fungal elements (conidia and hyphae) in leaf washings and on leaves tended to increase with time. Factor analysis and multiple regression analysis performed on the chemical and fungal results suggest that sporulation may have occurred in the fungi in response to increase in sapogenin concentrations. 相似文献
10.
Fumihito Takahashi Mariko Mochizuki Touko Sato Kinya Katayama Paul R. Kenyon Stephen T. Morris Peter D. Kemp Takeyuki Ozawa Fukiko Ueda Hiroyuki Tazaki 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(6):496-501
The establishment of a classification system for domestic animals on consumed feed stuff is thought to be important from both a hygiene and market point of view. We collected plasma samples of Romney lambs (Ovis aries) which were fed one of the following: a herb‐clover mix (n = 10) which included chicory, red clover, white clover and plantain; a plant‐grass mix (n = 10) which included plantain, ryegrass and white clover; or a grass mix (n = 10) which included ryegrass and white clover. A total of 20 elements in plasma samples obtained from the lambs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The data were then analyzed by principal component analysis. The lambs were divided into three groups on a score plot depending on the different feed conditions. Furthermore, discriminant analyses of the elements were examined, using linear discriminant analysis with forward stepwise regression. This discriminant function correctly classified the samples from each group. The accuracy of classification of each group, as shown by 10‐fold cross‐validation, proved the effectiveness of the established discriminant function. It is concluded that using linear discriminant analysis might be a useful tool for the validation of elements from plasma in lambs grown in different conditions. 相似文献
11.
从海南省5个地区分别采集5种热带人工牧草样品,以原子吸收分光光度法测定其中铁、铜、锌和锰的含量。给出了热带地区牛、羊舍饲常用的5种人工牧草中上述元素的平均含量。从测定结果还可看出,不同地区的同种牧草,有些微量元素的平均值相近,但多数微量元素含量存在一定、甚至较大的差异;同一地区同一种牧草样品间也有差异。 相似文献
12.
Levels of trace elements in liver from Norwegian moose, reindeer and red deer in relation to atmospheric deposition 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The levels of antimony, arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, selenium and zinc were determined in liver of moose, reindeer and red deer from differen localities in Norway. Reindeer had considerably higher levels of mercury, lead and arsenic than moose and red deer. These findings are considered to be related to differences in feeding habits since reindeer on highland plateaus feed mainly on lichens which have been shown to accumulate trace elements. The levels of arsenic, and to some extent also selenium and cadmium, in moose and reindeer liver showed a north-south gradient closely related to the regional distribution of these elements in the forest moss. As regards lead, a north-south gradient and a relationship to moss levels, were found in moose liver only. It therefore seems that atmospheric deposition of the elements mercury, lead, arsenic, cadmium and selenium contribute to the body burden of these elements in cervides in Norway. There was no evidence of these elements accumulating to toxic levels. 相似文献
13.
Aseptic and septic inflammatory diseases often are associated with marked changes in tissue and sera trace element kinetics. Iron and zinc sequestration by the host may serve as a protective effect against microbial proliferation, but may deprive host tissues of these necessary elements as well. Conversely, systemic iron administration has been shown to increase susceptibility to, and severity of, infectious diseases, although deficient iron stores may be repleted. Escherichia coli enteritis in calves provides a model wherein the effects of enteric iron antagonism and parenteral iron supplementation may be studied simultaneously. Male calves (n = 12) were given (IM injection) 300 mg of iron-dextran after base-line blood samples were obtained, then the calves were allotted to 4 groups (each of 3 calves): group 1 (control)--orally given nonpathogenic E coli; group 2--orally given enterotoxigenic B44 E coli; group 3--orally given deferoxamine (50 mg/kg, twice a day); group 4--orally given gallium (4 mg/kg; twice a day). Calves were studied for 8 days; blood samples were obtained each day (day 1 through day 8) for hematologic and serum biochemical analyses. There were significant increases in serum iron concentration and % saturation in all calves within 24 hours of iron-dextran administration, which returned to base-line values in all but group 4 (given gallium) within 3 days. In the exceptional group (4), total iron-binding capacity decreased with time, as in the other groups, but serum iron concentration remained significantly increased, implying gallium interference with systemic iron assimilation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
14.
Milk samples were collected from Holstein-Friesian cows at various times after milking (10-30 min; 30 min-10 hr) and treated with a protease inhibitor or control solution. Samples were then fractionated into whole, skimmed and cell-free skimmed milk aliquots. Some animals were treated with E. coli endotoxin prior to sample collection. The concentrations of three membrane-associated proteins (MAP), beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M), secretory component (SC) and bovine-associated mucoprotein (BAMP) as well as albumin were measured in each aliquot to determine if in vivo proteolysis of milk elements could explain the origin of these MAP in milk. All three MAP could be localized on milk fat globules (MFG) and alveolar epithelial cells of the gland. Data revealed that all BAMP in milk can be accounted for by in vivo proteolytic degradation of MFG while most beta 2M is derived by similar degradation, from cellular elements in milk, presumably monocytes. Experiments with endotoxin which elevate PMN levels, failed to influence the release of any MAP while elevating albumin levels by greater than 10-fold. Based on these studies, SC release into milk cannot be ascribed to a protease-dependent mechanism. 相似文献
15.
M Pospísil 《Veterinární medicína》1981,26(1):49-57
In two cow-houses (fifty cows in each), 5851 udder-quarter samples were subjected to cytological examination (by the Coulter Counter electronic computer) and to bacteriological examination during a ten-month period; the cytological examination was also performed with 141 can milk samples. The mixed samples in which the number of cellular elements does not exceed the level of 500 thousand ml-1 do not indicate reliably whether the milk comes from healthy udder quarters or contains an admixture of secretion from the diseased quarters. A value of above 500 thousand cellular elements per ml in mixed samples only suggests that the milk probably contains more secretion from infected udder quarters. The number of cells in the mixed samples does not constitute a basis for the conclusion concerning the number of quarters with impaired secretion which contributed to the sample, because the number of cells in the mixed samples depends also on the degree of disease in the respective quarters. An amount up to 500 thousand cellular elements per ml in the mixed sample provides practically no useful and usable information on milk quality. If the number of cellular elements per ml is higher than 500 thousand, this information is only suitable for revealing the stables with a high occurrence of mastitis--it is just a signal, not a parameter of such a situation. It is from this aspect that all results should be evaluated at those places where only mixed samples can be examined. 相似文献
16.
为了研究水分、pH值及微量元素对预混料中维生素A和烟酰胺稳定性的影响,试验采用均匀试验设计,在近似于生产的高温贮藏条件(37℃)下,在第0,15,30,45,60天取样测定4%仔猪预混料中的维生素A和烟酰胺损失率及水分、pH值、过氧化值、总抗氧化能力的变化。结果表明:预混料中添加微量元素导致了维生素A和烟酰胺的额外损失,随微量元素添加量的增加,维生素A和烟酰胺的损失率也显著增加(P<0.05);硫酸根和水分显著或极显著影响维生素A损失量和过氧化值(P<0.05或P<0.01);在贮藏阶段非微量元素因素(甲酸根、碱式碳酸根、硫酸根、水分、pH值)与维生素稳定性在前15 d呈显著相关(P<0.05),15 d后呈极显著相关(P<0.01)。 相似文献
17.
The state of bioelements in the hair of free-ranging European bisons from Białowie a Primeval Forest
Human or animal hair is considered to be a good indicator of the content of bioelements or toxic elements in human and animal organism. Its analysis is a good alternative for the arduous obtaining blood or biopsy samples. The aim of the performed research was the assessment of some chosen bioelements in the organism of European bison on the basis of their analysis in hair. The investigation material comprised hair samples obtained from 22 animals. All animals were divided into groups according to gender (males, females) and age (calves up to one year of age and animals older than 2 years). Samples were mineralized in nitric acid, under pressure in the microwave apparatus. The content of phosphorus, sulphur, magnesium, iron, titanium and vanadium were determined in hair samples. The content of these elements was determined using the ICP-AES method in accredited laboratory. The accuracy of determinations was tested using the standard reference material. The mean content of phosphorus in hair amounted to 245.14 mg x kg(-1), SD 65.00, magnesium 97.32 mg x kg(-1), SD 33.16, iron 119.48 mg x kg(-1), SD 83.31 and titanium 2.368 mg x kg(-1), SD 2.097. In case of these elements, differences depending on gender and age were statistically insignificant. Mean content of sulphur in the European bison hair amounted to 3.41% with equalized content in the herd (SD 0.22%). Here also statistically insignificant differences depending on gender were observed. However, a statistically significant difference (p < or = 0,05) was demonstrated which depended on animal age. Mature European bisons had more sulphur in hair as compared to calves. The concentration of vanadium (0.362 mg x kg(-1), SD 0.396 on the average) significantly differed in hair depending on the European bison age with much higher values in adult animals (calves 0.260 mg x kg(-1), animals older than 2 years 0.686 mg x kg(-1)). Similar data were obtained while investigating hair of sea mammals. 相似文献
18.
The concentrations of copper, zinc and molybdenum were measured in liver samples from 21 normal slaughter pigs (average age about 6 months) and in 36 sows (average age about 2 years). The following mean values were found: Slaughter pigs: 15 ± 8 µg Cu/g, 45 ± 7 μg Zm/g and 1.0 ± 0.2 μg Mo/g wet weight; sows: 46 ± 70 μg Cu/g, 70 ± 26 μg Zn/g and 1.3 ± 0.3 μg Mo/g wet weight. The concentrations of all 3 elements were significantly higher in the sows than in the young pigs. There was no correlation between the concentrations of copper, zinc or molybdenum. The recorded copper levels in the slaughter pigs were in accordance with the levels of non-supplemented pigs given in the literature. The soluble hepatic copper- and zinc-binding proteins were separated into 3 different fractions by gel filtration. With increasing copper and zinc levels in the liver, a higher relative amount of these elements were found in the low molecular weight fraction. 相似文献
19.
Sánchez Thevenet P Jensen O Mellado I Torrecillas C Raso S Flores ME Minvielle MC Basualdo JA 《Veterinary parasitology》2003,117(4):263-269
We investigated the presence of intestinal parasites in canine feces collected from public squares in Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut, Argentina (45 degrees S, 68 degrees W) and determined the persistence of Echinococcus granulosus eggs in those droppings under natural environmental conditions in that region. In the first experiment, we analyzed 163 fecal samples collected from urban squares during 8 months time and found parasitic elements in 46.6%. The presence of parasites was independent of the condition of the feces (fresh or dried; P>0.05). Parasites potentially pathogenic in man were present, such as Toxocara species (spp.), Taenia spp./Echinococcus spp., Uncinarias spp., and Entamoeba spp. In the second experiment, we analyzed two canine fecal samples contaminated with E. granulosus eggs, deposited for 41 months within the natural environment. These parasitic elements persisted during the entire study as attested by light microscopy and the ELISA coproantigen test. We propose the study of the presence of intestinal parasites in canine feces within the environment as a general strategy for identifying and monitoring areas of risk for canine-related zoonoses since we were able to demonstrate the persistence of E. granulosus eggs in deposited canine feces for over 3 years within the area studied. 相似文献