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1.
Orf, a viral disease which causes proliferative skin lesions around the mouths of lambs and on the teats of ewes, has long been assumed to have production-limiting consequences. This case-control study involved the collection of data from naturally occurring outbreaks of orf in young lambs on eight commercial farms in north-east England. Measurements of weight were taken and orf lesions were scored on a numerical scale for 44 orf-affected lambs, matched to unaffected controls within the same group. Data from corresponding ewes were available from five farms. Paired t tests showed that affected lambs weighed approximately 10 per cent less than their unaffected controls for a period of at least five weeks following the start of the outbreak. The effects were highly significant whether the orf lesions affected the mouth or were found elsewhere on the body. If a lamb had orf, then there was a 82 per cent chance that its mother also had orf on its udder or teats. The financial consequences of orf in young lambs were estimated using average UK figures and conservative assumptions based on the results of this study. 相似文献
2.
AIM: To build a profile of the oral lesions that occur in sheep in New Zealand that need to be considered within the differential diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease. METHODS: Lesions of the anterior lips and gums of sheep were surveyed in two abattoirs, photographed, and described grossly and histopathologically. RESULTS: A sequence of lesions in order of age and stage of healing are described and illustrated, and their pathogenesis discussed. Lesions of the midline of the lips and gums of traumatic or irritant aetiology were common, and the prevalence was higher in adult sheep than in lambs. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of lesions observed appeared to be primarily of traumatic aetiology. They probably arose from the fright/flight response behaviour of sheep, resulting in the mouth impacting against wire fences or yard railings while being handled. A smaller percentage of lesions may have been due to abrasive or irritant feed or soil. The presence of plant material and bacteria in lesions delayed healing and contributed to the formation of ulcers. 相似文献
3.
B.J. Gill 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(2):95-96
AIM: To build a profi le of the oral lesions that occur in sheep in New Zealand that need to be considered within the differential diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease. METHODS: Lesions of the anterior lips and gums of sheep were surveyed in two abattoirs, photographed, and described grossly and histopathologically. RESULTS: A sequence of lesions in order of age and stage of healing are described and illustrated, and their pathogenesis discussed. Lesions of the midline of the lips and gums of traumatic or irritant aetiology were common, and the prevalence was higher in adult sheep than in lambs. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of lesions observed appeared to be primarily of traumatic aetiology. They probably arose from the fright/flight response behaviour of sheep, resulting in the mouth impacting against wire fences or yard railings while being handled. A smaller percentage of lesions may have been due to abrasive or irritant feed or soil. The presence of plant material and bacteria in lesions delayed healing and contributed to the formation of ulcers. 相似文献
4.
Differences in signs and lesions in sheep and goats with enterotoxemia induced by intraduodenal infusion of Clostridium perfringens type D 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
T E Blackwell D G Butler J F Prescott B P Wilcock 《American journal of veterinary research》1991,52(7):1147-1152
Enterotoxemia was induced in 4 lambs and 4 goat kids by continuous intraduodenal infusion of a whole culture of Clostridium perfringens type D. Clinical signs, hematologic values, biochemical alterations, and postmortem lesions in the lambs and goat kids were compared. The 4 lambs and 4 goat kids died within 25 hours of beginning the infusions. Lesions were not observed in the gastrointestinal tract of the 4 lambs; however, severe hemorrhagic enterocolitis was found in the 4 goat kids. This difference between the lambs and goat kids in the lesions caused by experimentally induced enterotoxemia may explain the discrepancies reported between sheep and goats in clinical signs, response to treatment, and efficacy of vaccination observed in naturally induced enterotoxemia in the 2 species. 相似文献
5.
In vivo lymphocyte subset depletion offers a unique opportunity to study the roles of different cellular components of the immune system of sheep during infection with orf virus. Lambs were depleted of specific lymphocyte subsets by the intravenous administration of monoclonal antibodies against ovine lymphocyte surface markers and then challenged with orf virus. The skin lesions that developed were scored visually as to their severity. Blood samples were collected to monitor the lymphocyte depletions and to measure orf-virus-specific antibody levels. Skin biopsies were collected from the lesion site and studied to determine the course of the infection and the presence of various cell types and orf virus.All the sheep developed orf virus lesions after infection. All three of the CD4-depleted lambs were unable to clear virus from their skin and did not have an antibody response to the virus. Virus was also detected in the skin of one each of the three CD8-depleted, WC1-depleted and control sheep on the final day of the trial. CD8(+) lymphocytes did not appear to be essential for viral clearance later in the infection. Depletion of the majority of gammadelta(+) T-cells did not affect the outcome of orf virus infection. In sheep with high orf-virus-specific antibody titres at the time of infection, orf lesions healed faster than lesions in sheep with low antibody levels, and this occurred regardless of the lymphocyte depletion status of the animals.This study suggests that the presence of CD4(+) T-cells and orf-virus-specific antibodies are important for the control of viral replication in the skin of infected sheep. 相似文献
6.
羊传染性脓疱病研究进展 《畜牧与饲料科学》2022,43(3):117-121
羊传染性脓疱病是由羊传染性脓疱病毒（orf virus,ORFV）引起的传染性极强且流行广泛的人畜共患病。健康羊只感染ORFV后,会在唇、鼻和口腔等无毛部位依次形成丘疹、水疱、脓疱及溃疡,最后形成疣状结痂,产生增生性损伤。羔羊由于免疫系统发育不完全尤其易感,发病后会导致采食困难、营养物质摄入不足,进而影响生长发育,严重者会因继发性感染而死亡。结合近年来国内外研究报道,从病原学、流行病学、临床症状、诊断方法、预防和治疗措施等方面对羊传染性脓疱病进行综述,以期为兽医临床中该病的预防、诊断和治疗提供参考。 相似文献
7.
Severe persistent orf in young goats. 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A de la Concha-Bermejillo J Guo Z Zhang D Waldron 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2003,15(5):423-431
Orf (contagious ecthyma) is a viral disease of small and wild ruminants, humans, and less frequently other species. In sheep and goats, the disease is characterized by the formation of vesiculo-proliferative lesions in the skin of lips and nostril. Here, a form of generalized orf in 16 goat kids from 2 different locations in west Texas is described. The disease was characterized by multifocal, severe, proliferative dermatitis that persisted from about 2 months of age until the goat kids were euthanized 3 months later. All affected goats were Boer or Boer crosses under 1 year of age. The mean immunoglobulin concentration in sera of affected goats was elevated compared with healthy control goats. Severe to moderate lymphadenomegaly of the nodes draining the areas of the skin affected with orf lesions was present in all 16 goat kids. Suppurative arthritis, chronic fibrinous pneumonia, and premature thymic involution were found in 3, 5, and 7 of the goat kids, respectively. The skin lesions of 3 goat kids were infested with larvae of the opportunistic black garbage fly (Ophira sp.). The orf virus was identified in skin lesions by isolation in Marbin-Darby ovine kidney cells, electron microscopy, and amplification of viral DNA by polymerase chain reaction. The orf virus was not detected in peripheral blood or lymph node mononuclear cells of any of the goats. Cross-neutralization experiments showed that an ovine orf virus antiserum raised in sheep was more effective in neutralizing a sheep orf virus isolate than a caprine orf virus isolate. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of these orf cases may be the result of susceptibility factors within some individuals of the Boer breed of goats. 相似文献
8.
9.
To determine the lesion development of retrovirus-induced ovine pulmonary carcinoma (OPC), ten neonatal lambs were inoculated intratracheally with either 1) lung fluid preparations derived from a sheep with Type D retrovirus-associated OPC and concurrent ovine lentivirus (OvLV)-associated lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP) (n = 8); or 2) lung fluid from a sheep with only OvLV-LIP (n = 2). Seven of eight neonates that received Type D retrovirus-associated OPC/OvLV-LIP lung fluid developed both OPC and LIP lesions between 9 and 32 weeks after inoculation. Mild OPC lesions consisted of foci of type II alveolar epithelial cells lining alveoli surrounded by minimal alveolar macrophage infiltrates. More severe OPC lesions consisted of multifocal aggregates of cuboidal to columnar neoplastic cells forming acini or masses associated with abundant alveolar macrophage infiltrates. Lesions of LIP consisted of peribronchiolar and perivascular lymphoid hyperplasia and heterogeneous interstitial leukocytic infiltrates. The two neonates that received OvLV-LIP lung fluid developed rapid and severe LIP, but not OPC lesions. Two lambs (inoculated as neonates with virus-free lung fluid) and three lambs (uninoculated contacts) served as controls and did not develop OPC. To investigate age susceptibility for development of OPC, 20 additional lambs within defined age groups (neonates, 2 weeks old, 5 weeks old, and 10 weeks old) received ultracentrifuged tumor homogenate. Neonatal to 5-week-old lambs inoculated with Type D retrovirus-associated OPC/OvLV-LIP tumor homogenate were equally likely to develop OPC, but lambs inoculated at 10 weeks of age were more refractory to tumor development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
10.
Ozlem Ozmen Mehmet Kale Mehmet Haligur Sibel Yavru 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(6):951-958
In this study, pathological, serological and virological examinations were performed on 15 sheep from a flock of 250 sheep
and lambs that suffer from simultaneous naturally occurring BTV, PPRV and SPV outbreaks. SPV was diagnosed macroscopically
and histopathologically, BTV was diagnosed by ELISA, and PPRV was diagnosed pathologically and by ELISA. Clinically fever,
diarrhea, depression, polypnea, conjunctivitis, lacrimation, rhinitis, erosive stomatitis, edema of eyelids, photophobia,
cutaneous eruption with erythematous areas especially noticeable in wool-free parts of the body and axilla lesions evolving
into papules were observed. At necropsy, the most effected organs were lungs and gut. Subepicardial hemorrhages were also
commonly seen. While typical pox lesions were observed in some lambs, usually fibrinous pleuropneumonia was more prominent
lung lesion. SPV and PPRV lesions were seen at the histopathological examination of the lesioned tissues, BT lesions were
mild than SPV and PPRV microscopically. Serum and leukocyte samples of 15 animals were examined for PPRV and BTV by ELISA;
5 samples were positive for PPRV and 6 BTV, 4 were positive for both PPRV and BTV simultaneously. One hundred animals died,
most were lambs. Mortality rates were 100% in lambs and 80% in the herd. 相似文献
11.
I E Anderson H W Reid P F Nettleton C J McInnes D M Haig 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2001,83(3-4):161-176
In sheep infected with the parapoxvirus orf virus, primary infection orf skin lesions developed and resolved within 8 weeks. Reinfection lesions were smaller and resolved within 3 weeks. The host response in the skin was characterized by an accumulation of neutrophils, dendritic cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells and T19+ gammadelta T cells. The magnitude of this accumulation paralleled orf virus replication in the skin. In situ hybridization was used to detect cells expressing interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) mRNAs in orf skin. Cells expressing IL-4 mRNA were not detected at any time after infection. Cells expressing IFN-gamma mRNA were detected after reinfection but not after primary infection. Cells expressing TNF-alpha mRNA included epidermal cells, vascular endothelium and uncharacterized cells that increased more rapidly in the skin after reinfection compared to primary infection. The results are consistent with a prominent role for IFN-gamma in the host immune response controlling the severity of the disease. 相似文献
12.
CASE HISTORY: A skeletal disease characterised by dwarfism, limb deformity and sometimes sudden death occurred over a period of 5 years in lambs born on a commercial sheep farm in Southland. The disease showed variable expression and occurred in crossbred sheep. A genetic aetiology was supported by the birth of affected lambs over two seasons in a flock of putative carrier and affected sheep transported to Massey University. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Affected lambs appeared normal at birth but showed evidence of dwarfism, wide-based stance and exercise intolerance as early as 1 week of age. Most died within the first 3 months of life, often after developing bilateral varus deformity of the forelimbs. Some severely-affected lambs died suddenly of respiratory embarrassment, probably due to tracheal collapse. Mildly-affected individuals had a short, blocky stature and some survived to breeding age. PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: Gross and microscopic lesions of variable severity were present in the tracheal, articular, epiphyseal and physeal cartilages. In severe cases, articular cartilage in major joints was eroded from weight-bearing surfaces. The trachea was flaccid, abnormally kinked, and had thickened cartilaginous rings and a narrow lumen. Affected sheep that survived to breeding age eventually developed severe degenerative joint disease. Histologically, chondrocytes were disorganised, surrounded by concentric rings of abnormal fibrillar material, and the matrix often contained focal to coalescing areas of chondrolysis. DIAGNOSIS: Inherited chondrodysplasia of Texel sheep. CLINICAL RELEVANCE AND CONCLUSIONS: This chondrodysplasia differs from those previously described in sheep and is considered to be a newly-recognised, recessively-inherited genetic disease of the Texel breed. A defect in the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans in cartilage matrix is suspected. This disease of sheep may provide a suitable model for studying various forms of therapy for human chondrodysplasias. 相似文献
13.
CASE HISTORY: A skeletal disease characterised by dwarfism, limb deformity and sometimes sudden death occurred over a period of 5 years in lambs born on a commercial sheep farm in Southland. The disease showed variable expression and occurred in crossbred sheep. A genetic aetiology was supported by the birth of affected lambs over two seasons in a flock of putative carrier and affected sheep transported to Massey University. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Affected lambs appeared normal at birth but showed evidence of dwarfism, wide-based stance and exercise intolerance as early as 1 week of age. Most died within the first 3 months of life, often after developing bilateral varus deformity of the forelimbs. Some severely-affected lambs died suddenly of respiratory embarrassment, probably due to tracheal collapse. Mildly-affected individuals had a short, blocky stature and some survived to breeding age. PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: Gross and microscopic lesions of variable severity were present in the tracheal, articular, epiphyseal and physeal cartilages. In severe cases, articular cartilage in major joints was eroded from weight-bearing surfaces. The trachea was flaccid, abnormally kinked, and had thickened cartilaginous rings and a narrow lumen. Affected sheep that survived to breeding age eventually developed severe degenerative joint disease. Histologically, chondrocytes were disorganised, surrounded by concentric rings of abnormal fibrillar material, and the matrix often contained focal to coalescing areas of chondrolysis. DIAGNOSIS: Inherited chondrodysplasia of Texel sheep. CLINICAL RELEVANCE AND CONCLUSIONS: This chondrodysplasia differs from those previously described in sheep and is considered to be a newly-recognised, recessively-inherited genetic disease of the Texel breed. A defect in the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans in cartilage matrix is suspected. This disease of sheep may provide a suitable model for studying various forms of therapy for human chondrodysplasias. 相似文献
14.
Scagliarini A Dal Pozzo F Gallina L Guercio A Vaccari F Battilani M Ciulli S Prosperi S 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,114(1-2):142-147
Proliferative orf virus infections in adult sheep have increased in Italy in the past few years: these extreme cases are frequently fatal and difficult to differentiate from other infectious diseases of sheep such as blue tongue. A probable explanation for the proliferative and highly vascularized nature of the lesions was found in the expression of the VEGF-E gene encoded by the orf virus. To investigate a possible role of the viral VEGF in the pathogenesis of severe persistent orf virus lesions, the activity of four VEGF-E variants was compared by an angiogenesis in vitro model. Similar angiogenic activity was found between strains isolated from the classical and the proliferative forms of the disease, even if the latter was able to develop a higher number of vessels during the first 24 h of infection. Our in vitro findings seems to exclude that the VEGF variants encoded by the strain isolated from the atypical form of the disease could be the responsible for the histopathological aspect of the proliferative lesions. 相似文献
15.
Nation PN Crowe SP Harries WN 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1982,23(11):323-326
The clinical signs and postmortem findings in sheep from two flocks accidentally poisoned with monensin are described. Clinical signs began within 24 hours of exposure to monensin. In the acute stages they consisted of lethargy, stiffness, muscular weakness, a stilted gait and recumbency. Feed refusal was seen in one flock but not in the second. Subacute to chronic clinical signs were decreased muscle volume of the rump and thigh. When forced to run, chronically affected sheep had a stilted, stiff legged, rocking horse gait.
Gross postmortem changes were not always visible. Where visible, they affected skeletal muscles and consisted of pale streaking, with atrophy in the chronic stages. Lesions were most severe in muscles of the rump and hind limbs. Microscopically myofiber swelling and hyalinization were seen with interstitial mononuclear cell reaction and extensive sarcoplasmic mineralization in some cases. Chronic lesions consisted of fibrosis and myofiber atrophy. In lambs less than one month old, diffuse gastrointestinal hemorrhage was the only finding.
相似文献16.
Icelandic lambs were inoculated intracerebrally with visna virus at 10 days of age and sacrificed 22–25 days after infection. Virus was isolated from all 5 inoculated animals, and pronounced periventricular lesions, typical of early visna, were seen in the 3 lambs with the most widespread infection. The response to the infection was very similar to that seen previously in adult Icelandic sheep.In addition, 2 uninoculated lambs housed with the injected animals and sacrificed at the same time also became infected. 相似文献
17.
G. P. GARD B.V.SC. PhD. HELEN M. ACLAND B.V.SC. J. W. PLANT B.V.SC. 《Australian veterinary journal》1976,52(2):64-68
A condition in Australian sheep resembling border disease was transmitted by the inoculation of pregnant ewes with material from affected lambs. This material contained mucosal disease virus (MDV). Twenty-two lambs comprising 6 from uninoculated control ewes, together with 11 with hairy coats and 5 with normal coats from inoculated ewes, were observed from 7 to 182 days after birth. Nine of the lambs from inoculated ewes died during the experiment from a variety of causes. Glial cell abnormalities were observed in control and affected lambs, but only 4 of the 11 hairy lambs were judged to have abnormal glial cells. There were no consistent histopathological findings indicative of MDV infection. MDV was recovered from tissues of all 11 hairy lambs, but not from any of the lambs with normal coats. The hairy lambs appeared to be immunologically tolerant to the virus. Susceptible sheep in contact with the hairy lambs were infected with MDV. It is suggested that a condition in Australian lambs characterised by hairiness of the birth coat and poor viability is due to foetal infection with a mucosal disease virus. 相似文献
18.
Twenty-four lambs grazing pastures of Panicum coloratum developed photosensitization secondary to hepatic dysfunction. Lesions were necrosis of scattered hepatocytes, obstruction of small bile ducts and bile canaliculi by small aggregates of birefringent crystals, and accumulation of birefringent crystals in phagocytes within sinusoids. The number of crystals in livers of affected sheep varied, depending on the amount of time of exposure to toxic plants and severity of hepatic abnormalities. Crystals in the liver were soluble in acidified ethyl alcohol, acetic acid, pyridine, chloral hydrate, and methanol, but not in xylene, petroleum ether, diethyl ether, acetone, water, or cold ethyl alcohol. Crystals were not stained by oil red O. There was necrosis of epithelial cells in renal distal convoluted tubules, papillary muscles of the heart, and the adrenal cortex. Lesions of Panicum coloratum-associated disease are similar to those associated with photosensitization induced by Tribulus terrestris, Agave lecheguilla, and Nolina texana. 相似文献
19.
In a field trial, 9174 lambs from seven commercial sheep flocks with a history of subclinical pneumonia were either vaccinated with Ovipast Plus (Intervet) or given a placebo by systematic random allocation; they were vaccinated twice at an interval of four to six weeks and grazed on pasture in the same paddocks. They were weighed at the first vaccination, 11 and 23 weeks later, and one to three days before they were slaughtered. The extent of the pneumonic lesions in their lungs was scored visually postmortem. A subset of pneumonic lung samples was examined bacteriologically and histopathologically. There were no statistically significant differences between the pneumonic lesions at slaughter or the mean average daily weight gains of the vaccinated and placebo-treated lambs between 11 and 23 weeks or between first vaccination and slaughter. The vaccinated lambs had a lower mean daily gain between first vaccination and 11 weeks. The extent of pneumonic lesions at slaughter was negatively correlated with the mean daily gain between first vaccination and slaughter. There were no significant differences between the frequency of isolation of Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica and Pasteurella trehalosi or the histopathological classification of disease between pneumonic lung samples from the placebo-treated and vaccinated lambs. 相似文献
20.
Border disease in sheep caused by transmission of virus from cattle persistently infected with bovine virus diarrhoea virus. 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
U Carlsson 《The Veterinary record》1991,128(7):145-147
Two outbreaks of border disease occurred on farms with sheep flocks and breeding cattle. The infection of the pregnant sheep was probably caused by transmission of virus from calves persistently infected with non-cytopathic bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) which were kept in close confinement with the ewes during mid-pregnancy. Border disease was also induced experimentally in eight lambs by exposing their dams at 38 to 78 days of gestation to a heifer persistently infected with BVDV. Both the natural and the experimental infections were characterised by typical signs such as 'hairy-shaker' lambs and high lamb mortality. The diagnosis was confirmed by virus isolations from live-born lambs, seroconversion and pathology. The study supports the assertion that cattle persistently infected with BVDV and in close contact with pregnant sheep, are an important source of strains of virus capable of causing border disease. 相似文献