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1.
With the development of China＇s market economy, the agricultural products＇ market has changed from the seller＇s market into the buyer＇s market. Therefore, the limitations of the household contract responsibility system gradually appeared. The farmers professional cooperatives not only covered the limitations but also effectively connected the small-scale farmers with the competitive market by increasing the farmers＇ organizational degree. However, during the development process of farmers＇ professional cooperatives, many problems were exposed. By using SWOT analysis belonging to the field of enterprise strategic management, this paper discussed the opportunities and threats of the external environment, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the internal environment of Chinese farmers＇ professional cooperatives. Thereby, it proposed some development strategies for Chinese farmers professional cooperatives in the current stage .  相似文献   

2.
This paper studies how the price movements of pork,chicken and egg respond to those of related cost factors in short terms in Chinese market.We employ a linear quantile approach not only to explore pot...  相似文献   

3.
RAPD and SSR were applied to assess genetic diversity in 61 tomato varieties from different species （Solanum lycopersicum L., hirsutum. Humb L., pimpinellifolium Miller L., chilense Dun. L., chmielenskii L., peruvianum Miller L., parvuflorum Miller L.）. 2 062 and 869 clear fragments were amplified by RAPD and SSR, respectively. On the other hand, more polymorphic products were found by SSR as compared to RAPD, i.e., 100 and 43.84%, respectively. In addition, a higher value of the average similarity coefficient and lower PIC value were reflected in RAPD （0.79, 0.407） compared to SSR （0.56, 0.687）. It can be inferred that SSR was a higher effective marker than RAPD to assess genetic diversity in tomato accessions. Similarly, the genetic base of tomato varieties in Chinese market was narrow. It is suggested that wild tomato varieties should be used to enrich the genetic base of the cultivated tomato varieties.  相似文献   

4.
With the development of China’s market economy, the international grain supply situation is increasingly tense, and the grain has been regarded as an important international strategic resource in the international market. Due to the reduction of international grain output and expected inflation, the gap between maize supply shortage and increasing demand is apparent in China, so that China is described as a worrying importer country. By using SWOT analysis belonging to the field of enterprise strategic management, this paper analyzed the current maize industry development in Heilongjiang Province as an entry point, the strength, weakness and opportunity and threat were put forward. Thereby, the developing principles and strategies were proposed to stimulate the maize industry development in Heilongjiang Province, which would lay a good foundation of 50 billion kilograms grain production capacity by 2015 in China, as well as the economic development and local farmers’ income increase.  相似文献   

5.
The effects of exogenous nitric oxide （NO） on plant growth, chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters as well as lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes were investigated in Chinese cabbage plants exposed to iron （Fe） deficiency. Iron deficiency led to serious chlorosis in Chinese cabbage leaves, and resulted in significant decrease in plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, net photosynthetic rate, Fv/Fm, Ф ps Ⅱ and activities of antioxidant enzymes, and increase in lipid peroxidation. While treatment with SNP, a NO donor, it could revert the iron deficiency symptoms, increased photosynthetic rate as well as activities of antioxidant enzymes, and protected membrane from lipid peroxidation, as a result, the growth inhibition of Chinese cabbage by Fe deficiency was alleviated.  相似文献   

6.
For centuries, groups of people desiring to supply themselves with goods, to market their products, or to obtain services of various kinds on a co-operative basis, have made increasing use of co-operative associations to achieve these purposes. During the period, legislation designed especially for the incorporation and conduct of such associations has been enacted by different counties. Since a co-operative is established and carried on by and for the use of its members, this essay makes a comparison between Canadian and Chinese co-operative laws in terms of membership in the aspects of qualifications, rights and obligations and withdrawal of membership, so as to probe the function of co-operative legislation and find some enlightment from it.  相似文献   

7.
This study provides an economics assessment of various food safety measures in China. A choice experiment approach is used to elicit Chinese consumer preferences for various food safety attributes using data from a 2008 urban consumer survey. An alternative welfare calculation is used to model aggregate market impacts of select food safety measures. Our results show that the largest welfare gains are found in the current government-run certiifcation program. The implementation of a third-party certiifcation system, a traceability network and a product label would generate signiifcant value and would help reduce current system inefifciencies in China. This study builds on previous research and provides an alternative approach for calculating consumer valuation of safety and quality attributes that can be used to estimate aggregate economic and welfare impacts.  相似文献   

8.
Green manure can be used as a substitute for chemical fertilizer without reducing rice yield. We studied the responses of soil fertility and rice yield to different combinations of Chinese milk vetch(CMV; Astragalus sinicus L.) and chemical fertilizer in a subtropical double-rice cropping system. Our goal is to reduce chemical fertilizer use and decrease environmental contamination. Compared with the recommended rate of chemical fertilizer(CF), both early-and late-rice yields in the two treatments supplied with 15 and 22.5 Mg CMV ha–1 plus 60% CF(represented as 60 A and 60 B, respectively) showed no significant differences while the two treatments supplied with 30 and 37.5 Mg CMV ha–1 plus 60% CF(represented as 60 C and 60 D, respectively) showed significantly higher values. The sustainable yield index(SYI) values in the 60 C and 60 D treatments with double-rice croppong system were significantly higher than those in other treatments(P0.05). Early-rice yield showed a significant positive relationship with the Chinese milk vetch incorporation rate. The coefficients increased annually from 2009 to 2013 and then decreased in 2014. Soil organic matter increased over time by the end of the experiment in all of the treatment groups. Soil organic matter in 60 A, 60 B and 60 C showed no significant difference compared with that in CF, while soil organic matter in 60 D was significantly higher than that in CF. The slopes of soil organic matter and total nitrogen over six years were the highest in 60 C and 60 D. The soil total nitrogen content in 60 A, 60 B, 60 C and 60 D was higher than that in CF, but the differences were not significant(P0.05). Therefore, a relatively high Chinese milk vetch incorporation rate(≥30 Mg ha–1) was more effective in improving the productivity and sustainability of paddy soil. The decreased coefficients of early-rice yield and the Chinese milk vetch incorporation rate in 2014 implied that the benefits of soil fertility and rice yield created by Chinese milk vetch input may decline after five years under a continuously high rate of Chinese milk vetch incorporation.  相似文献   

9.
Different from the fact that the main researches are focused on single futures contract and lack of the comparison of different periods, this paper described the statistical characteristics of wheat futures reward time series of Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange in recent three years. Besides the basic statistic analysis, the paper used the GARCH and EGARCH model to describe the time series which had the ARCH effect and analyzed the persistence of volatility shocks and the leverage effect. The results showed that compared with that of normal one,wheat futures reward series were abnormality, leptokurtic and thick tail distribution. The study also found that two-part of the reward series had no autocorrelation. Among the six correlative series, three ones presented the ARCH effect. By using of the Auto-regressive Distributed Lag Model, GARCH model and EGARCH model, the paper demonstrates the persistence of volatility shocks and the leverage effect on the wheat futures reward time series. The results reveal that on the one hand, the statistical characteristics of the wheat futures reward are similar to the aboard mature futures market as a whole. But on the other hand, the results reflect some shortages such as the immatureness and the over-control by the government in the Chinese future market.  相似文献   

10.
Grain texture in barley （Hordeum vulgare L.） is an important quality character. The single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） in Hordoindoline a （hina） gene and its relationship with hardness index among North American harley cultivars were investigated. The hina genes in 36 cultivars were sequenced for the SNP analyses, and 17 sets of SNP primers were designed to detect the SNP variations of hina locus in 92 North American barley cultivars. SNP detection indicated that there were four haplotypes in the hina genes of 92 barley cultivars, and haplotype 01 and 02 were shared by 68 and 14 cultivars, respectively, suggesting that there was a very limited diversity in hina genes among North American barley cultivars. Despite the wide range in hardness exists in 92 barley cultivars, however, unlike wheat, where a clear relationship has been demonstrated between a number of SNPs in the wheat hardness genes and quality （soft or hard wheat）, there was no such relationship for barley. The genotypes used in this study demonstrated that there was a low level of polymorphism in hina gene in North American barley cultivars and these polymorphisms had no impact on grain hardness.  相似文献   

11.
The meat industry cannot respond to increases in demand by ever increasing resource use. The industry must find solutions to issues regarding animal welfare, health and sustainability and will have to do so in the face of competition from emerging non-traditional meat and protein products in an increasingly complex regulatory environment. These novel meat and protein products, otherwise known as ‘artificial meat' are utilising ground breaking technologies designed to meet the issues facing the conventional meat industry. These artificial meats, in vitro or cultured meat and meat from genetically modified organisms have no real capacity to compete with conventional meat production in the present environment. However, meat replacements manufactured from plant proteins and mycoproteins are currently the biggest competitors and are gaining a small percentage of the market. Manufactured meats may push conventional meat into the premium end of the market, and supply the bulk, cheap end of the market if conventional meat products become more expensive and the palatability and versatility of manufactured meats improve. In time the technology for other artificial meats such as meat from genetic modified organisms or cultured meat may become sufficiently developed for these products to enter the market with no complexity of the competition between meat products. Conventional meat producers can assimilate agroecology ecology concepts in order to develop sustainable animal production systems. The conventional meat industry can also benefit from assimilating biotechnologies such as cloning and genetic modification technologies, using the technology to adapt to the changing environment and respond to the increasing competition from artificial meats. Although it will depend at least partly on the evolution of conventional meat production, the future of artificial meat produced from stem cells appears uncertain at this time.  相似文献   

12.
It is well known that most Chinese nonEnglish majors can‘t understand the English materials they have heard,but they do understand them if the materials are in written form.Though there may be a lot of reasons (Such as phonological and psychological ones),this paper covers the influence of sound changes in connected speech upon the learners‘ listening comprehension.Non-English majors can improve their listening comprehension,to some degrees,by getting familiar with and being practiced in sound-changes in a flow of speech,with the help of a good attitude towards sound-changes in English speeches.  相似文献   

13.
With the rapid development of Chinese economy, the question of credit is becoming more and more important. Especially in China rural area, building a new socialist countryside needs the support of finance. While as we all known, the financial system in rural area is not effective enough to promote the productivity and the level of welfare of household.  相似文献   

14.
<正>1.Background China has seen drastic nutrition transition and food structure change with rapid economic growth in the past three decades.Specifically,the traditional fibre-dominated food system is being replaced by a western-style meat-dominated diet(Yu and Abler 2009;Tian and Yu 2013).In traditional China meat was regarded as a rarity and normally consumed during festivals,now it has become daily food for most Chinese consumers.Though many controversies have been uncovered in meat statistics in China(Yu and Abler  相似文献   

15.
[Objective] The aim of this study was to lay a foundation for obtaining effective traditional Chinese medicine preparations controlling chicken colibacillosis. [Method] With the western medicine Lomefloxacin Hydrochloride and Sodium Chloride Injection as the control, drug sensitivity tests of 15 single traditional Chinese herbs and seven self-made Chinese herbal compounds were conducted. Subsequently, the single traditional Chinese herbs presenting good in vitro antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli and all the seven compounds were given to the chicks artificially infected with E.coli to observe their efficacies. [Result] The results of drug sensitivity tests showed that all the 15 traditional Chinese herbs had certain antibacterial effect against E.coli, among which aloe, pomegranate rind and radix sanguisorbae were the best. Compound 1, 2 and 5 had good antibacterial effects in vitro. By in vivo test, traditional Chinese medicines showed superior efficacies on infected chicks than western medicine, and compound 1 and 2 performed well. [Conclusion] Traditional Chinese medicine preparations are good at controlling Chicken colibacillosis, but their bacteriostasis mechanism in vivo was different with that in vitro.  相似文献   

16.
The vertical price transmission is generally considered as the relationship between two markets of the same production chain However, we can expand this concept to another relation which has not been deeply investigated： the joint products. They are the products which are produced in a single production process, but not correspond to the same chain. An especial case is the beef and milk markets in Costa Rica. Even if these products usually correspond to disconnect chains, in Costa Rica farms make use of cattle to produce both meat and milk. The cointegration framework is applied in order to indentify the price transmission among these markets. In addition, the asymmetric behavior and structural breaks are taken into account. Price transmission between each market pair was found. First, the cattle prices adjust in the milk-cattle relationship, second, beef meat prices adjust in the cattle-beef meat and in the milk - beef meat relationship. Finally, the equations allowing for structural breaks affect the estimates in the following three ways： after the break the elasticities became higher than 1, there is more evidence of cointegration, and the adjustment coefficients are significant only when a change in the long run is allowed.  相似文献   

17.
《西南林学院学报》2006,26(1):95-95
Aims. Frontiers of Forestry in China （ Selected Publications of Chinese Universities） aims to provide a forum for a broad blend of peer -reviewed academic papers in order to promote rapid communication and exchanges between forestry researchers in China and a- broad. It will reflect the enormous advances that are currently being made in Chinese universities in the field of forestry. The multidisciplinary character of this field will be typified by providing the readers with a wide range of articles that are collected from leading Chinese publications appealing to academia and beyond. In addition, this publication also bears the mission of introducing Chinese academic achievements to the world scene, by demonstrating the unique features and special status of the Chinese forestry research.  相似文献   

18.
Organizing peasant is one of the important rural problems. Organizing peasant to enter the market is a crucial problem of rural economy. The 16th Party Congress emphasized that we must improve the degree of organization in peasant’s market entry. Preside…  相似文献   

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