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引起油葵黑斑病的病原菌在我国一直采用向日葵链格孢Alternaria helianthi这个学名。然而国际上已更名为向日葵拟链格孢Alternariaster helianthi。2017年从陕西省华阴市采集到油葵黑斑病样品。通过单孢分离获得6株病原菌菌株,致病性检测后选取2个代表菌株进行形态学研究,并基于ITS和LSU基因进行系统发育分析。结果表明,2个病原菌菌株为小球腔菌科Leptosphaeriaceae拟链格孢属Alternariaster向日葵拟链格孢Alternariaster helianthi。 相似文献
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油料向日葵Helianfhus annusl是俄亥俄一种比较新的作物,1980年的生长期间发生严重的茎、叶斑病,导致植株广泛地落叶和倒伏。在叶斑上的病原菌有细菌psendomonas syringae和真菌Septoria helianthi Ell&Kell,而大部分的片叶和茎病斑是A.helianthi造成的(Tubaki和Nishihara)虽然过去曾发表过病症简介,详细地报导俄亥俄州发生的向日葵叶疫病由病原菌A.helianthi引起这还是第一次。在密西西比州,明尼苏达州,北达科塔州,维 相似文献
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为筛选出对琯溪蜜柚黑斑病菌有拮抗效果的生防菌株,本研究采用平板对峙法和牛津杯法分离筛选植物根际土壤放线菌,共分离纯化得到12株能够拮抗蜜柚黑斑病菌Phyllosticta citriasiana的放线菌菌株,其中菌株XG40对蜜柚黑斑病菌的拮抗能力最强,抑菌带宽度为16.3 mm。根据形态特征、生理生化特征以及16S rDNA、recA、rpoB、gyrB序列分析,将菌株XG40确定为小串链霉菌Streptomyces catenulae。抗菌谱试验结果表明,菌株XG40的发酵液对番茄叶霉病菌、蜜柚炭疽病菌、蜜柚黑点病菌等12种植物病原真菌和2种植物病原细菌也有较好的拮抗作用,抗菌性能广谱高效。菌株XG40对黑斑病菌的抑菌机制表现为受抑制菌丝发生畸变、粗细不均匀、大量断裂,其发酵液能使黑斑病菌孢子内含物消解并产生液泡。防效测定结果表明,菌株XG40发酵液对室内离体果实黑斑病的预防效果和治疗效果分别为83.52%和78.87%;对田间果实黑斑病的预防效果和治疗效果分别为78.91%和71.15%。因此,菌株XG40可作为防治蜜柚黑斑病的生防材料,具有良好的开发价值和应用前景。 相似文献
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向日葵的检疫性有害生物 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
根据FAO“有害生物风险分析准则”评估，初步提出了12种向日葵的潜在检疫性有害生物。其中，我国尚未发生或尚未报道的有褐色茎腐病菌、茎点霉黑茎病菌、向日葵红色种子象、向日葵灰色种子象、向日葵叶甲和向日葵瘿蚊等6种，国内局部地区已有发生的有向日葵霜霉病菌和向日葵黑斑病菌等2种，已列入了我国各类检疫性有害生物名单的种类有黄萎轮枝孢、棉根腐病菌、列当属和菟丝子属寄生种子植物等。 相似文献
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南疆骏枣黑斑病症状表现及病原菌鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为明确南疆骏枣黑斑病的症状表现及病原菌种类,2013—2014年在新疆建设兵团第一师选取具有代表性的5个骏枣园,对枣叶、花、果等组织上黑斑病的症状进行了系统调查,采用组织分离法和回接试验分离病原菌及测定其致病性,并根据病菌形态特征、ITS序列和β-tubulin序列分析对病原菌进行了鉴定。结果表明:枣叶、花和果均可感染黑斑病菌,室内接种和田间骏枣黑斑病症状相同,叶、花和果中的病原菌可以相互侵染,并在枣果上均表现出黑斑病典型症状;不同发病组织中分离纯化得到357株菌株,形态观察表明,侵染叶、花和果的菌株均为链格孢属链格孢菌Alternaria alternata(Fr.)Keissler;通过ITS序列和β-tubulin序列分析,并结合形态学特征进一步确定引起骏枣不同组织的黑斑病病原菌为链格孢菌A.alternata。 相似文献
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由丁香假单胞菌斑点致病变种Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola （McCul.） Young et al.引起大面积流行的十字花科黑斑病菌是在湖北长阳发现的一种新的危险性病害,经接种证实该病菌种子可以携带;该病的初次浸染源是由种子携带侵入.十字花科黑斑病在长阳高山蔬菜基地6～9月均可发病,主要危害萝卜叶片;染病萝卜的生物学产量和商品性明显降低.十字花科黑斑病在田间有明显发病中心,发病与品种、气候有关.萝卜品种＂白玉春＂＂春白玉＂发病重. 相似文献
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The geographical distribution of sunflower diseases in China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In various areas of China, the fourth largest sunflower-producing country in the world, 25 sunflower diseases have been reported: 19 caused by fungi, one virus disease and five caused by different species of broomrape. Their geographical distribution and economic significance are discussed. Fungi are the most prevalent disease causing agents in every region. More species of broomrape have been recorded in China than in any other country in the world. Orobanche coerulescens has not previously been reported to attack sunflower but is an important cause of disease in China. The number of diseases recorded differs among the regions, with 14 in North-east China, 11 each in North, North-west and South-west China, 10 in East China and six in Central and South China. This distribution broadly corresponds to the intensity of sunflower production. Only Puccinia helianthi and Septoria helianthi are reported in all the regions; 64% of the diseases are restricted to one or two regions. Alternaria helianthi, Septoria helianthi, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Orobanche coerulescens are considered to be the most important, causing 10-50% losses in yield, and even crop failure in some areas in some years. Much work remains to be done on disease control to promote the development of sunflower production in China. 相似文献
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中国柑橘黑腐病和褐斑病病原菌的系统发育分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
近些年链格孢属真菌的分类有了长足的进展,但柑橘褐斑病和黑腐病的病原却还是存在着一些争议。本研究从中国柑橘果实上收集了49株黑腐病菌菌株,并选取了8株从柑橘叶片上分离的具代表性的褐斑病菌菌株,基于Alta1 、endoPG、LSU、OPA10-2、OPAl-3和OPA2-1 等6个基因位点串联序列构建系统发育树。结果表明,柑橘黑腐病和褐斑病都可由不止一种链格孢菌引起,均以Alternaria alternata为主。两种病害的病原菌之间不能通过该系统发育树区分,但在致病性上存在差异,且能通过扩增ACT毒素合成基因进行区分。为了使两种病害的病原更加方便阐述,作者建议以它们的主要类群对其进行命名,柑橘褐斑病病原学名还是遵循前人的称呼,为the tangerine pathotype of A. alternata,即链格孢菌橘致病型,而柑橘黑腐病病原应为A. alternata,即链格孢菌。 相似文献
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近些年链格孢属真菌的分类有了长足的进展,但柑橘褐斑病和黑腐病的病原却还是存在着一些争议。本研究从中国柑橘果实上收集了49株黑腐病菌菌株,并选取了8株从柑橘叶片上分离的具代表性的褐斑病菌菌株,基于Alta1 、endoPG、LSU、OPA10-2、OPAl-3和OPA2-1 等6个基因位点串联序列构建系统发育树。结果表明,柑橘黑腐病和褐斑病都可由不止一种链格孢菌引起,均以Alternaria alternata为主。两种病害的病原菌之间不能通过该系统发育树区分,但在致病性上存在差异,且能通过扩增ACT毒素合成基因进行区分。为了使两种病害的病原更加方便阐述,作者建议以它们的主要类群对其进行命名,柑橘褐斑病病原学名还是遵循前人的称呼,为the tangerine pathotype of A. alternata,即链格孢菌橘致病型,而柑橘黑腐病病原应为A. alternata,即链格孢菌。 相似文献
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小麦黑胚病种子带菌的光镜和扫描电镜观察 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
检测表明京双16、聊89-1、聊89-2、聊91-1、聊91B18-27-1及鲁麦12 6个小麦品种(品系)的黑胚病病粒率为7.6%~45.7%,病情指数为3.2%~13.5%,以聊89-1最轻,鲁麦12最重。借助光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对6个品种(品系)的黑胚种子和健康胚种子进行了比较观察,证实了黑胚种子胚中链格孢菌(Alternaria)的存在,此外,亦观察到了黑胚种子寄藏有类似于长蠕孢属(Helminthosporium)、枝孢属(Cladosporium)等真菌的菌体。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Phylogenetic analysis revealed that isolates of Alternaria alternata causing black rot of citrus were associated with six well-supported evolutionary lineages. Isolates recovered from brown spot lesions on Minneola tangelo, leaf spot lesions on rough lemon, and healthy citrus tissue and noncitrus hosts were related closely to isolates from black-rotted fruit. Phylogenies estimated independently from DNA sequence data from an endopolygalacturonase gene (endoPG) and two anonymous regions of the genome (OPA1-3 and OPA2-1) had similar topologies, and phylogenetic analysis was performed on the combined data set. In the combined phylogeny, isolates from diverse ecological niches on citrus and noncitrus hosts were distributed in eight clades. Isolates from all lineages, regardless of ecological or host association, caused black rot in fruit inoculation assays, demonstrating that small-spored Alternaria isolates associated with different ecological niches on citrus and other plant hosts are potential black rot pathogens. These data also indicated that the fungi associated with black-rotted fruit do not form a natural evolutionary group distinct from other Alternaria pathogens and saprophytes associated with citrus. The use of the name A. citri to describe fungi associated with citrus black rot is not justified and it is proposed that citrus black rot fungi be referred to as A. alternata. 相似文献
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Says-Lesage V Roeckel-Drevet P Viguié A Tourvieille J Nicolas P de Labrouhe DT 《Phytopathology》2002,92(3):308-313
ABSTRACT Diaporthe/Phomopsis helianthi causes brown stem canker of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and is responsible for considerable yield loss. This species shows considerable variation for morphological characters, growth, and pathogenicity. Molecular variability of two sample groups was assessed with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Isolates of the first sample were collected from infected sunflower tissues from the main regions in France where the crop is grown, whereas isolates from the second sample came from stems within a single field of sunflower. A soybean strain was taken as an outgroup for AFLP analyses. Within sample one, the greatest genetic distance among isolates was 0.97, whereas it was 0.44 within sample two isolates. For the whole of France, the average genetic distance was 0.68, whereas in the one field it was 0.12. Nei's genetic diversity indices were 0.20 and 0.06 for France and for one field, respectively. The greatest genetic distance was found between isolates from the most northern crops. The greatest genetic distance between D. helianthi isolates and the strain isolated from soybean was similar to that observed for D. helianthi isolates from different geographical areas. The problems in defining the genus Phomopsis are discussed. It is shown that internal transcribed spacer sequencing could be a useful criteria for Diaporthe/Phomopsis species determination. The considerable genetic variability of the pathogen could lead to the occurrence of new strains that could be more aggressive or more resistant to chemical control. 相似文献