共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Riond J.-L. Liesegang A. Wanner M. Kaiser C. Döbeli M. Joller-Jemelka H.I. 《Veterinary research communications》1999,23(5):299-306
The pathophysiology of postparturient paresis is still not completely understood. Knowledge recently acquired in immunology, endocrinology and cell physiology has still to be integrated in order to elucidate the aetiopathogenesis of the disease. For that purpose, the effect of the EDTA infusion model on the plasma concentrations of selected cytokines and growth factors, and of a calcium binding protein was examined in dairy cows. Six 6- to 11-year-old Brown Swiss cows in mid lactation were infused with a 5% solution of Na2EDTA in one jugular vein over a period of 5 h. Blood samples were collected from the contralateral side daily two days before, and then hourly for five hours during the infusion, hourly for five hours after the end of the infusion, and once daily for 10 days thereafter. The plasma concentrations of cortisol, tumour necrosis factor-, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte and macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and the calcium binding protein S-100 were determined. Before the EDTA infusion, during the infusion and for two days thereafter, the mean plasma concentrations of cortisol were significantly higher than those from days 4 to 10 after the infusion. The plasma concentrations of tumour necrosis factor- and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist followed a similar profile. At the end of EDTA infusion, low concentrations of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor were detected in one cow only. On days 3 and 4, the mean plasma concentrations of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor were significantly higher than the pre-infusion values, but this was followed by a significant decrease on post-infusion day 5. From day 4 to 7, the plasma concentrations of S-100 were significantly lower than the pre-infusion values. The importance of these findings in the pathophysiology of postparturient paresis remains to be established. 相似文献
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1. Four experiments were carried out with Warren laying hens to elucidate the changes in plasma inorganic phosphorus (Pi) concentration during egg formation.
2. In hens receiving a normal diet containing a calcium supplement in a powdery form Pi increased from 25 to 42 mg/1 during an entire shell formation cycle (from 10 to 22 h after oviposition of the previous egg), while in cockerels Pi decreased slightly during the night.
3. This increase in Pi in hens, was not related to cessation of feeding at the onset of darkness but was specifically connected with the beginning of shell secretion.
4. When hens received calcium as crushed sea‐shells separately from the diet, the nocturnal peak in Pi virtually disappeared and only a temporary increase of 4 mg/1 between 10 and 14 h after oviposition remained.
5. These results indicate that the beginning of shell secretion is always accompanied by an increase in Pi and that a separate presentation of dietary calcium reduces the bone mobilisation at night. 相似文献
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The KPMG study signaled the need for change in the veterinary profession, and the NCVEI was formed to follow up on the study's findings. As founding organizations, the AVMA, American Animal Hospital Association, and the Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges remain committed to the cause, as do the NCVEI's corporate sponsors. In addition, it is clear that substantial change is also underway within the individual veterinary schools and colleges. The programs compiled should not be considered exhaustive because of the possibility that not all schools replied to the survey and because of ongoing changes. Widespread programmatic changes are being implemented in the veterinary schools and colleges, with short- and long-term implications for the veterinary profession. Such changes are not taken lightly in academia, and the schools and colleges are to be commended for their leadership and initiative. The momentum that is apparent can be expected to yield benefits for the veterinary profession well into the future. 相似文献
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1. The influence of age, sex and injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the plasma concentration of alpha‐1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) was determined in broilers using the single radial immunodiffusion method.
2. Plasma AGP concentration increased in the 3 d after hatching, and then stabilised at 240 ± 33 μg/ml up to 14 d of age.
3. No sex‐related differences in plasma AGP concentration were observed up to 6 weeks of age.
4. A single injection of 900 μg LPS per chick resulted in a 5‐fold increase in AGP concentration compared with that in saline‐injected chicks. Multiple injections of LPS (200 μg/chick every 2d for 14d) caused only a 50% increase in AGP concentration. 相似文献
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M. Krofi
el N. Tozon A. Nemec Svete 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(1):130-136
Background
Serum selenium concentrations and the activity of plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx) decrease with the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in human patients. Selenium is considered a limiting factor for plasma GPx synthesis. Plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is decreased in CKD cats in comparison to healthy cats.Hypothesis
Serum selenium concentrations and plasma and erythrocyte GPx activity in cats with CKD are lower than in healthy cats. Serum selenium concentrations, the activity of enzymes, and plasma TAC progressively decrease with the progression of kidney disease according to IRIS (International Renal Interest Society) classification.Animals
Twenty‐six client‐owned cats in IRIS stages I–IV of CKD were compared with 19 client‐owned healthy cats.Methods
A CBC, serum biochemical profile, urinalysis, plasma and erythrocyte GPx activity, serum selenium concentration, and plasma TAC were measured in each cat.Results
Cats in IRIS stage IV CKD had a significantly higher (P = .025) activity of plasma GPx (23.44 ± 6.28 U/mL) than cats in the control group (17.51 ± 3.75 U/mL). There were no significant differences in erythrocyte GPx, serum selenium concentration, and plasma TAC, either among IRIS stages I–IV CKD cats or between CKD cats and healthy cats.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Erythrocyte GPx activity, serum selenium concentration, and plasma TAC do not change in CKD cats compared with healthy cats. Selenium is not a limiting factor in feline CKD. Increased plasma GPx activity in cats with stage IV CKD suggests induction of antioxidant defense mechanisms. Antioxidant defense systems might not be exhausted in CKD in cats. 相似文献9.
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《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2013,30(3-4):157-177
This review article explores past, present and possible future drivers of change in Karoo social-ecological systems. Biogeographically, the Karoo comprises the arid Succulent Karoo and Nama-Karoo biomes covering significant portions of the Northern Cape, Eastern Cape and Western Cape provinces and a smaller part of the Free State. Despite the Karoo’s specific environment and spatial importance nationally (covering some 30% of South Africa), no government structures address its needs holistically. Today it is a politically and economically marginalised region; perceptions of it as a desert easily morph into perceptions of it as deserted and ripe for exploitation for the benefit of external constituencies, whether in the name of astronomy, shale-gas and uranium mining or renewable energy. To manage the Karoo better for present and future generations, it is clearly desirable for social and natural scientists to work collaboratively, yet there is relatively little interdisciplinary work to date. Against this background this review article provides an overview of social and ecological changes historically and in the present, and offers some cautious reflections concerning climate change, changing land use and governance as key drivers affecting trajectories of change into the future. 相似文献
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Can Microfiltered Seminal Plasma Preserve the Morphofunctional Characteristics of Porcine Spermatozoa in the Absence of Antibiotics? A Preliminary Study 
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下载免费PDF全文 F Barone D Ventrella A Zannoni M Forni ML Bacci 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(4):604-610
Artificial insemination is extensively performed in pig farms in Europe, the United States and Canada. Antibiotics are typically added to the inseminating dose to limit bacterial growth during liquid phase storage at 16°C, as bacterial contamination is unavoidable. The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) take action to control and reduce antibiotic use in animals as more bacteria are becoming resistant to antimicrobials. To avoid the use of antibiotics, we prepared inseminating doses using microfiltered seminal plasma (SP). Microfiltration is a common technology used to reduce bacterial contamination but may retain seminal substances, influencing sperm quality during storage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the morphofunctional parameters of spermatozoa during storage at 16°C in doses prepared with or without microfiltered SP, with or without the addition of antibiotics, in a Latin square design. Artificial insemination doses with microfiltered SP and without antibiotic addition preserved spermatozoa viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, acrosome integrity and objective motility, with absolute values equal or even better than those observed in conventional doses. In conclusion, although the results could be considered preliminary due to the small sample size, this study suggests that microfiltration of SP can be a simple method, feasible on farms, to replace antibiotic use in extended doses stored in the liquid phase at 16°C for up to 7 days. 相似文献
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Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution. The disease affects dairy and beef cattle, causing infertility, abortion, and reduced milk yield. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of leptospirosis in cattle and the associated risk factors in the province of Manabí, Ecuador. Serum samples from 749 animals from 55 cattle herds were analyzed using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Animals were considered positive when titers were ≥ 1:100. The association between the potential risk factors and the positive Leptospira result was modeled at both animal and herd level using a generalized linear model with a binomial distribution and logarithmic link. The seroprevalence was 56.21% at the individual level and 98.18% at the herd level. The most prevalent serovars were Pomona (28.57%) and Icterohaemorragiae (22.30%). At the animal level, only the age was associated with leptospirosis seropositivity. Seroprevalence in animals over three years of age was 1.197 (95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.032 – 1.390), higher compared to animals up to three years old. The seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. was higher in farms with no veterinary assistance (PR = 1.209; 95%CI 1.053 – 1.388) and without a vaccination program against Leptospira (PR = 1.399; 95%CI 1.09 - 1.794). In addition, herds from Junín canton had a significantly higher seroprevalence of Leptospira spp (PR = 1.548; 95%CI 1.213 - 1.977) compared to the Bolívar canton, which had the lowest seroprevalence. In conclusion, more than half of the animals were positive to Leptospiraspp, and almost all herds had at least one positive animal. Furthermore, veterinary assistance and vaccination of cattle must be considered as essential aspects of the disease control program. 相似文献
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Hudgens E Tompkins D Boyd P Lunney JK Horohov D Baldwin CL 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,141(3-4):317-321
This report describes the cloning and characterization of expressed gene sequences of bovine, equine, and swine CXCL9 from RNA obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and other tissues. The bovine coding region was 378 nucleotides in length, while the equine and swine coding regions were 381 nucleotides. Mapping showed that all three sequences were coded for in four exons in the genome, as are the human and mouse genes. The bovine, equine, and swine coding regions shared 83%, 86%, and 84% homology with human CXCL9, respectively, and all three were 74% homologous with mouse CXCL9. Cladogram comparison of the nucleotide sequences of CXCL9 showed that the bovine, equine and swine sequences were more closely related to one another than to either the human or the mouse sequences. However, the human sequence was more closely related to them than it was to the mouse sequence. These relationships were preserved when the deduced amino acid sequences were evaluated and all sequences showed conservation of the characteristic four cysteines. This work sets the stage for further work with these molecules; an integral goal of the U.S. Veterinary Immune Reagent Network is to develop reagents for investigating diseases in livestock species, poultry, and fish. 相似文献
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Lafuente P 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2011,13(7):498-507
PATIENT GROUP: Young, male neutered, obese cats are predisposed to sustaining spontaneous capital physeal fractures, as well as fractures of the femoral neck secondary to metaphyseal osteopathy. PRACTICAL RELEVANCE: Although femoral head and neck excision generally leads to adequate limb function, and is appropriate for chronic fractures, it is a salvage procedure and irreversible. Ideally, for acute capital physeal fractures an attempt should be made to stabilise the fracture and save the coxofemoral joint. This requires early detection of the femoral fracture. CLINICAL CHALLENGES: Orthopaedic examination in cats can be challenging. Yet thorough assessment is needed to allow localisation of the pathology to the hip joint, and to rule out other orthopaedic conditions such as cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Stabilisation of these types of fracture may also prove challenging. AUDIENCE: This review is aimed at general practitioners who have some experience in orthopaedic surgical procedures, as well as those simply wishing to expand their knowledge of feline orthopaedic conditions. 相似文献
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1. The effects of egg turning upon the formation of sub‐embryonic fluid (SEF), and albumen weight and composition are described up to day 8 of incubation.
2. The density of albumen increased, and the density of yolk sac contents decreased, during the first 5 d of incubation. Failure to turn eggs diminished these changes.
3. The rate of formation of SEF and its maximum weight were lower if eggs were not turned, as was the rate of decrease in albumen weight.
4. The concentration of sodium and chloride, as well as osmolality, were higher in SEF than in thin albumen, and were affected by a failure to turn eggs.
5. Static incubation altered the concentrations of yolk nutrients in SEF.
6. It is concluded that the formation of SEF is primarily dependent upon the transfer of sodium and chloride from albumen to SEF so creating an osmotic force for water movement in the same direction. Turning the eggs promotes this process by ensuring an adequate supply of ions in thin albumen adjacent to the blastoderm. 相似文献