西藏土壤磷素和钾素养分状况及其影响因素   总被引：27，自引：4，他引：27  

刘世全高丽丽  蒲玉琳邓良基　张世熔 《水土保持学报》2005,19(1):75-78,88

探讨西藏土壤磷钾养分状况及其影响因素.结果表明西藏土壤全磷和全钾主要决定于母质.此外,土壤全磷与有机质呈正相关,故表层全磷高于底层,表现磷的生物表聚作用;而全钾与有机质呈负相关,故表层全钾低于底层,表现为有机质对钾的"稀释效应".表层速效磷(Olsen-P)＜10 mg/kg 的缺磷土壤面积约占78%,表明下层速效磷更低.土壤速效磷与全磷、有机质的关系复杂,而与pH的关系密切,一般在pH 6.4～7.3的土壤中含量较高.西藏土壤表层速效钾100～150 mg/kg 和＞150 mg/kg 的面积分别占17%和66%;并且速效钾主要决定于CEC,进而决定于有机质,而与粘粒关系不明显,与全钾无关.  相似文献   

黄淮海冲积平原区土壤速效磷、钾的时空变异特征   总被引：28，自引：4，他引：28  

张世熔  黄元仿  李保国  张凤荣  高峻 《植物营养与肥料学报》2003,9(1):3-8

通过分析1980年和2000年124个样点耕层土壤的速效磷和速效钾含量,研究了黄淮海冲积平原区河北省曲周县土壤速效磷、钾的时空变异特征。结果表明,2000年该县土壤速效磷和速效钾含量平均为8.8mg/kg和90.0mg/kg,分别比1980年增加了69.2%和降低了46.1%。由于区域间农业管理措施的差异,占全县耕地面积31%和92%的土壤速效磷和速效钾含量明显降低。20年中潮土、盐土和褐土速效磷含量分别增加了3.5mg/kg、5.8mg/kg和4.5mg/kg,速效钾含量相应降低了80.1mg/kg、30.4mg/kg和39.0mg/kg。  相似文献   

基于增强回归树的鄱阳湖平原区耕地土壤钾素空间变异影响因素研究     

韩逸  江叶枫  郭熙  李子琳  林雯璐  陈蕾  易丹 《植物营养与肥料学报》2020,26(4):622-634

  【目的】  研究区域土壤钾素空间变异特征及其影响因素，为土壤钾素涵养及合理利用提供依据。  【方法】  本研究以鄱阳湖平原区2016年测土配方施肥项目采集的6316个耕层 (0—20 cm) 土壤样本数据为基础，运用普通克里格法、相关性分析和增强回归树(BRT)等方法，分析了区域土壤全钾与速效钾的空间分布特征以及区位、环境、土壤和人为4个方面的因素对二者空间变异影响的边际效应。  【结果】  鄱阳湖平原区耕地土壤全钾含量在1.70～23.40 g/kg，平均值为11.82 g/kg，变异系数为40.02%；速效钾含量在21.00～237.00 mg/kg，平均值为91.76 mg/kg，变异系数为45.27%，二者均呈中等程度变异。全钾与速效钾空间分布的块金效应分别为27.19%和50.00%，变程分别为74.10 和41.10 km，二者均主要受随机因素的影响，但速效钾受随机因素的影响更为明显。普通克里格插值结果显示，全钾与速效钾在空间分布上存在明显差异。增强回归树结果表明包含土壤地理环境信息的区位因素可作为解释土壤全钾与速效钾空间变异的有力因素，年降雨量是土壤全钾空间变异最为明显的影响因素，土壤有机质和交换性阳离子含量的综合作用是土壤速效钾空间变异的主要影响因素，钾肥施用会明显干扰耕地表层土壤钾素的平衡状况。  【结论】  鄱阳湖平原区土壤钾素呈中等程度变异，但全钾空间分布的聚集性强于速效钾，速效钾受外界因素特别是人类活动的干扰更加明显。  相似文献   

哈尔滨市辖区黑土速效养分空间异质性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHANGShao-liang    ZHANGXing-yi  YUTong-yan    SUIYue-yu  GAOCong-sheng 《土壤通报》2008,(6)

研究在哈尔滨市所辖黑土区的6个市县进行,共采集表层(0～20cm)黑土土样411个,测定了全部样点的有机质、全氮的养分含量,同时测定了部分样点的碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾的养分含量,利用地统计学中协同克立格分析方法并结合经典统计学和GIS技术分析碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾养分空间异质性。分析表明有效磷空间分布符合指数模型,碱解氮、速效钾符合高斯模型,其块金值与基台值之比分别为50.0%、39.7%、6.3%,有效磷和碱解氮为中等程度空间相关水平,速效钾为强度空间相关水平;与克里格对比,应用协克里格插值绘制的三种速效养分空间分布图精度显著提高,为协克里格方法在土壤养分空间异质性分析上的应用提供了实践依据。  相似文献   

黑土区县域土壤养分空间分布特征及其影响因子   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

杜可  王乐  张淑香  雷秋良 《植物营养与肥料学报》2018,24(6):1465-1474

【目的】 土壤养分是农业生产的必要条件,了解土壤养分的空间变化,对指导精准施肥有一定意义。 【方法】 本文以地统计学为基础,利用ArcGIS软件,对克山县土壤养分数据进行析取克里格以及泛克里格插值,得到土壤养分的空间分布图,并通过DEM数据提取坡度、坡向、曲率等相关地形因子,在SPSS软件中进行地形因子与土壤养分的相关分析。 【结果】 克山县土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾和全氮含量平均值分别为43.89 g/kg、28.35 mg/kg、184.75 mg/kg和1.81 g/kg,有机质与全氮的变异系数均为0.09,属于弱变异强度,而有效磷与速效钾的变异系数分别为0.18与0.11,属于中等变异强度。有机质、速效钾及全氮的含量与海拔均呈显著的正相关关系（P<0.01）,其中,有机质与全氮受海拔的影响程度最大。有机质以及全氮的含量还受到坡度的影响,与坡度呈显著的正相关性。不同土地利用方式间,旱地和菜地有机质和速效钾含量显著高于水田,而有效磷显著低于水田,全氮含量差异不显著。 【结论】 克山黑土区土壤有机质和全氮含量变异小,而有效磷和速效钾含量变异大。土壤养分的空间分布受到坡度与海拔的影响,尤其海拔对有机质与全氮的影响程度最大。土地利用类型、土壤类型以及成土母质也影响养分的分布。   相似文献   

陕西武功县猕猴桃园土壤养分调查与评价   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王亚国  李衡  郭培明  雷玉山 《土壤》2019,51(6):1100-1105

测定陕西武功县猕猴桃园土壤养分含量,评价土壤肥力状况,为指导果园科学施肥提供参考依据。本研究采集研究区10个代表性果园表层土壤样品,对其pH、有机质以及速效氮、磷、钾含量进行测定,结合相关分级标准,分析果园土壤肥力状况。结果表明:武功县猕猴桃园土壤pH在7.52～8.54,平均为8.16,属于弱碱性土壤;土壤有机质含量在10.78～26.73 g/kg,平均为18.43 g/kg,达到中量水平的土壤样品仅占25.1%,整体表现缺乏;土壤速效氮含量在47.60～254.16 mg/kg,平均为138.69 mg/kg,64.7%的土壤样品速效氮含量超过120 mg/kg,仅有8.0%的土壤样品速效氮含量缺乏;土壤有效磷含量在11.01～292.10 mg/kg,平均为59.22 mg/kg,达到丰富及以上水平的土壤样品占90.3%;土壤速效钾含量在32.81～458.20 mg/kg,平均为190.92 mg/kg,丰富、中量、缺乏的土壤样品分别占57.3%、28.2%、14.5%。研究区土壤pH、土壤有机质空间变异相对较小,土壤速效氮、磷、钾含量比较丰富,但空间分布不均衡。建议在今后土壤及施肥管理中,采取综合措施,适度降低土壤pH,以满足猕猴桃生长所需的土壤酸碱环境;加强有机肥的投入,逐年提高土壤有机质含量;控制氮、磷、钾化肥的施用,提高肥料利用率。  相似文献   

河北省主要苹果产区土壤养分状况与演变          下载免费PDF全文

郭巨秋  刘建玲  谢娇  吴晶  郭玉冰  孙志朋 《中国土壤与肥料》2020,(3):157-163

通过对河北省主要果园产区的土壤养分测定、定位监测等方法,研究了河北省土壤养分现状与动态变化及其养分在0～60 cm土壤剖面的分布特点,旨在为苹果的科学施肥提供理论依据。主要结果:河北省主要苹果园0～20 cm土壤全氮、有机质、有效磷、速效钾、有效铁、有效锌平均含量分别为1.16 g/kg、17.99 g/kg、118.26 mg/kg、329.70 mg/kg,15.33 mg/kg、3.69 mg/kg,同比于第二次土壤普查时期,各养分含量分别增加了0.43g/kg、6.49 g/kg、111.96 mg/kg、201.50 mg/kg、7.13 mg/kg、3.16 mg/kg。有机质及养分含量分布:基于第二次土壤普查分级标准,土壤有机质在10.00～20.00 g/kg的果园占60.3%,处于较低水平;全氮在1.00～1.50 g/kg果园占44.5%,处于中等水平;有效磷40.00 mg/kg、速效钾200.00 mg/kg分别占78.5%、61.8%,均处于较高水平。随着果园种植时间的增加,果园土壤养分含量均呈直线增加趋势,有效磷和速效钾积累速率显著高于全氮、有机质、有效铁、有效锌的增加速率。土壤养分空间分布特点:土壤养分以0～20 cm积累为主,定位实验31年的果园中20～40和40～60 cm土层土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾分别相当于0～20 cm的50.8%、59.8%、74.0%和42.3%、27.0%、55.9%。在种植年限为30～40年的果园中,土壤p H明显降低,其0～20、20～40、40～60 cm土层土壤p H值较小于10年果园分别下降1.09、0.41、0.27个单位。主要结论:苹果园土壤有效磷、速效钾积累与树龄呈直线相关,且土壤有效磷、速效钾增幅显著高于土壤有机质、有效铁、有效锌的增幅,是导致土壤养分失衡的主要原因;建议增施有机肥、配合适量铁肥和锌肥平衡果园土壤养分以逐渐提高果园土壤供肥生产能力。  相似文献   

减施磷肥提高设施番茄氮磷钾生理效率并减少土壤速效磷累积   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

赵伟  杨圆圆  蒋丽媛  张凯  陈志杰  周建斌  杨兆森 《植物营养与肥料学报》2019,25(10):1710-1718

【目的】设施蔬菜生产中过量施肥现象普遍存在,本研究针对设施番茄磷肥过量施用问题,定位研究减施磷肥对番茄产量、干物质量、养分吸收、分配及土壤速效磷状况的影响,旨在为设施栽培磷肥减量提供科学依据。【方法】以习惯施肥为对照 (CK),2015年设磷肥减量50% (P1)、磷肥减量70% (P2) 2个减磷处理,2016年增设不施磷 (P0) 处理,共3个减磷处理。2016年在膨果期、盛果期采集植株样品,测定根、茎、叶、果干重,及各器官氮、磷、钾养分含量;在定植前、盛果期和拉秧期采集0—60 cm土层土壤样品,测定土壤速效磷含量。【结果】在基础速效磷含量较高 (约220 mg/kg) 的土壤,连续两年减磷70%或一年不施磷肥不影响番茄产量,2015年和2016年番茄产量分别为53.9～55.1 t/hm2和50.2～52.7 t/hm2。各减磷施肥处理与CK相比,均显著提高盛果期果实干物质量和N、P、K养分分配率,降低叶片干物质量、干物质分配率和N、P、K养分分配率。膨果期番茄植株62.8%～65.7%干物质分配于叶片,植株氮、磷、钾携出量分别为83.2～89.9 kg/hm2、10.3～11.1 kg/hm2、75.0～85.9 kg/hm2,此时番茄叶片和茎杆是养分的主要累积部位,茎叶氮、磷、钾分配率之和分别为84.4%～86.4%、79.4%～83.4%、76.9%～82.3%,番茄氮、磷、钾吸收比例为1∶0.12∶0.84～0.96。盛果期43.0%～44.6%和37.0%～44.6%的干物质分配于果实和叶片,此时番茄果实和叶片为养分主要累积部位,果实和叶片氮、磷、钾分配率之和分别为84.6%～86.7%、78.5%～82.7%、81.4%～83.9%,植株氮、磷、钾携出量分别为197～226 kg/hm2、33～37 kg/hm2、200～247 kg/hm2。CK处理番茄叶片、果实全钾含量及钾吸收量显著高于减磷处理,可见减施磷肥可降低番茄对钾素的奢侈吸收。经过两年的减磷处理,表层土壤速效磷累积量显著降低,但各处理土壤剖面出现磷素向下迁移,膨果期0—20 cm土层土壤速效磷含量较种植前减少27.0～60.9 mg/kg,20—60 cm土壤速效磷增量在11.8～50.1 mg/kg,减磷处理显著降低20—60 cm土壤速效磷增加量。【结论】在基础磷素含量较高的土壤上,较农民习惯施磷连续两年减少70%的磷肥用量没有影响番茄产量,降低番茄对钾素的奢侈吸收,减缓土壤速效磷累积。两年连续减施磷肥的土壤速效磷含量仍处于较高水平,可见该研究区域设施蔬菜生产减磷潜力仍较大。  相似文献   

太行山片麻岩区新垦苹果园土壤营养与果实品质的关系研究   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

李保国  齐国辉  郭素平  李惠卓  张林平 《中国生态农业学报》2002,10(3):17-20

对太行山片麻岩区新垦苹果园土壤营养因素与红富士果实品质关系的研究结果发现,该类型土壤中N、P、K含量较丰富,速效氮、速效磷含量中等偏下,而Ca、Zn含量不足。在多种营养因素相互作用下对果实内在品质影响最大的因素是Fe和速效钾,其次是Zn和全P;生产优质苹果的表层土壤速效氮含量为30－127mg/kg,速效磷含量为18－107mg/kg,速效钾含量为50－164mg/kg,其适宜比例为1：0．8：1．4。  相似文献   

棉花施钾的增产效果及其技术研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

梁金香  王玉朵  韩梅  张立臣 《中国土壤与肥料》2003,(3):17-19

根据近年来衡水7个县市的试验表明:在土壤速效钾含量为100～150mg/kg情况下,棉花钾肥施用量以每公顷施112.5kg为宜;在土壤不同钾素含量的情况下,土壤速效钾含量与施钾肥的增产效果呈负相关;在施用方法上建议底施为主,底追结合。  相似文献   

利用数字高程模型改进高山灰岩坑土壤pH值预测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. CASTRIGNAN&#;  G. BUTTAFUOCO  R. COMOLLI 《土壤圈》2011,21(2):259-270

Among spatial interpolation techniques,geostatistics is generally preferred because it takes into account the spatial correlation between neighbouring observations in order to predict attribute values at unsampled locations.A doline of approximately 15 000 m 2 at 1 900 m above sea level (North Italy) was selected as the study area to estimate a digital elevation model (DEM) using geostatistics,to provide a realistic distribution of the errors and to demonstrate whether using widely available secondary data provided more accurate estimates of soil pH than those obtained by univariate kriging.Elevation was measured at 467 randomly distributed points that were converted into a regular DEM using ordinary kriging.Further,110 pits were located using spatial simulated annealing (SSA) method.The interpolation techniques were multi-linear regression analysis (MLR),ordinary kriging (OK),regression kriging (RK),kriging with external drift (KED) and multi-collocated ordinary cokriging (CKmc).A cross-validation test was used to assess the prediction performances of the different algorithms and then evaluate which methods performed best.RK and KED yielded better results than the more complex CKmc and OK.The choice of the most appropriate interpolation method accounting for redundant auxiliary information was strongly conditioned by site specific situations.  相似文献   

重建生态系统有机碳贮量的时空变异   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

ZHANG Shi-Rong  SUN Bo  ZHAO Qi-Guo  XIAO Peng-Fei  SHU Jian-Ying 《土壤圈》2004,14(4):501-508

In global change research, changes of soil organic carbon (SOC) reservoirs in tropical and subtropical regions are still unknown. The temporal-spatial variability of SOC stocks was determined in a basin of over 579 km² in subtropical China from 1981 to 2002. ArcGIS8.l software was utilized for spatial analysis of semivariance, ordinary kriging (OK), and probability kriging (PK). Grid and hierarchical approaches were employed for the sampling scenario in 2002 with 106 Global Position System (GPS) established spots sampled. Bulk topsoil samples (0-30 cm) were collected at three random sites on each spot. The SOC content for 1981 came from the SOC map of the Second National Soil Survey. Geostatistical results of the nugget to sill ratio (0.215-0.640) in the rehabilitating ecosystem indicated a moderate spatial dependence for SOC on this large scale. The range of SOC changed from 2.04 km in 1981 to 7.15 km in 2002. The mean topsoil SOC increased by 4.6% from 10.63 g kg^-1 (1981) to 11.12 g kg^-1 (2002). However, during this 21-year period 25.2% of the total basin area experienced a decrease in SOC. Also, the probability kriging results showed that the geometric mean probabilities of SOC ≤ 6.0 g kg^-1, ≤ 11.0 g kg^-1 and > 15.0 g kg^-1 were 0.188, 0.534 and 0.378, respectively in 2002, comparing to 0.234, 0.416 and 0.234 in that order in 1981, respectively. The SOC storage in the topsoil increased by 17.0% during this time with the main increase occurring in forests and cultivated land, which amounted to 82.5% and 17.0% of the total increase, respectively.  相似文献   

Distribution of Cd in the vicinity of a metal smelter: Interpolation of soil Cd concentrations with regard to regulative limits     

Sven Altfelder  Christof Beyer  Wilhelmus H. M. Duijnisveld  Jürgen Schneider  Thilo Streck 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2002,165(6):697-705

The German soil protection regulation (BBodSchV) requires the investigation and evaluation of sites with known, or suspected contamination. The purpose of this study is the application of geostatistical methods to locate hazardous zones within such a site and to estimate the amount and uncertainty of the contaminant load in these zones. The study site is an area around a metal smelter in the city of Nordenham, Germany, where among other heavy metals, Cd was released to the environment by dust emissions for many decades. In an earlier study soil cores were taken in the area and analyzed for Cd using various extraction methods. After translation of data to results corresponding to a single extraction method using linear regression analysis, Cd concentrations were mapped by ordinary and lognormal kriging. Crossvalidation showed that both methods perform similarly. However, neither ordinary nor lognormal kriging were able to account for the uncertainty of the kriged estimates. We repeated ordinary kriging with a relative variogram having a unit sill. The estimated relative kriging variance was scaled locally. This method considerably improved the estimation of uncertainty. Subsequently, we estimated Cd contents for the land use dependent size of support as specified in the BBodSchV. The kriged Cd estimates as well as their uncertainty were evaluated with regard to limits set by the BBodSchV. Parts of the area which may be declared safe based on merely the kriged estimates, can actually exceed a sanction or test limit by a chance of up to 50 % when uncertainty is also considered. Within the BBodSchV a recommended limit should therefore always be accompanied by a tolerable uncertainty that it may be exceeded on a given support (e.g. 5 %).  相似文献   

河北省表层土壤有机碳和全氮空间变异特征性及影响因子分析   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

曹祥会  龙怀玉  周脚根  邱卫文  雷秋良  刘颖  李军  穆真 《植物营养与肥料学报》2016,22(4):937-948

【目的】在陆地生态系统中, 土壤全氮和有机碳是重要的生态因子。本研究基于土壤调查获得大量土壤剖面的空间和属性信息,研究河北的土壤有机碳和全氮的空间分布特征,为河北的土壤养分监测和管理提供科学依据,同时也为其他类似地区土壤采样提供参考,减少采样成本。【方法】运用传统统计学和地统计学分析方法,以变异函数为工具,初步分析了河北土壤全氮和有机碳的空间变异特征,并应用普通克立格法和回归克里格法进行插值, 得出全氮和有机碳含量的分布格局。【结果】研究区土壤有机碳和全氮的平均值分别为15.25 g/kg和1.23 g/kg,变异系数分别为0.73和0.63,属于中等强度变异。经对数转换后,土壤有机碳和全氮均符合正态分布。选择球状模型作为土壤有机碳和全氮的半方差函数理论模型,土壤有机碳和全氮的块金值/基台值的比值分别为1.8%和1.2%,有机碳和全氮的块金系数均小于25%,表明有机碳和全氮具有强烈的空间相关性。有机碳和全氮空间变异的尺度范围不同,分别为50.400 km和59.200 km。研究区的有机碳总体空间分布规律是有机碳在北部较高、南部较低,呈自北向南递减趋势,土壤全氮与有机碳的空间分布趋势相似,但有机碳的空间变异特征较全氮明显,这种空间分布格局主要受环境因子、 土壤质地、 土壤类型以及土地利用类型等的影响,其中环境因子中的气温和海拔对有机碳和全氮的影响较大。通过比较普通克里格和回归克里格的预测结果,回归克里格能较好地反映东南部有机碳和全氮较低地区的局部变异外,对于西北部的山区也能更好地反映碳、 氮与地形及气候等因素的关系。【结论】河北土壤有机碳和全氮的空间变异和分布特征较为类似,受地形地貌、 气候等因素的影响。通过比较普通克里格法和回归克里格法的空间预测结果,回归克里格法可以消除环境因子的影响,从而得到更准确的空间预测结果,因此建议使用回归克里格法进行预测,以期获得一个更为准确的土壤有机碳和全氮的空间预测结果。  相似文献   

稻米和土壤微量元素的空间变异   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

WANG Lin  WU Jia-Ping  LIU Yan-Xuan  HUANG Hui-Qing  FANG Qian-Fang 《土壤圈》2009,19(6):748-755

Consumption of rice is the main source of micronutrients to human in Asia. A paddy field with unknown anthropogenic contamination in Deqing County, Zhejiang Province, China was selected to characterize the spatial variability and distribution of micronutrients in rice grain and soil. A total of 96 paired soil and rice grain samples were collected at harvest. The micronutrients in the soil samples were extracted by diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA). The mean micronutrient concentrations in rice grain were 3.85 μg Cu g-1, 11.6 μg Fe g-1, 39.7 μg Mn g-1, and 26.0 μg Zn g-1. The mean concentrations were 2.54 μg g-1 for DTPA-Cu, 133.5 μg g-1 for DTPA-Fe, 30.6 μg g-1 for DTPA-Mn, and 0.84 μg g-1 for DTPA-Zn. Semivariograms showed that measured micronutrients in rice grain were moderately dependent, with a range distance of about 110 m. The concentrations of the DTPA-extractable micronutrients all displayed strong spatial dependency, with a range distance of about 60 m. There was some resemblance of spatial structure between soil pH and the grain Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn. By analogy, similar spatial variation was observed between soil organic matter (SOM) and DTPA-extractable micronutrients in the soil. Kriging estimated maps of the attributes showed the spatial distributions of the variables in the field, which is beneficial for better understanding the spatial variation of micronutrients and for potentially refining agricultural management practices at a field scale.  相似文献   

Incorporation of spectral data into multivariate geostatistical models to map soil phosphorus variability in a Florida wetland     

R.G. Rivero  S. Grunwald  G.L. Bruland 《Geoderma》2007,140(4):428-443

Hybrid geostatistical prediction methods incorporate (i) spatially-explicit soil observations and exhaustive grids of ancillary environmental variables (e.g. derived from remote sensing), (ii) spatial autocorrelation, (iii) spatial covariation, and/or (iv) combinations of the above. In numerous studies of terrestrial soils it has been shown that hybrid geostatistical methods outperform univariate spatial and regression (aspatial) methods. However, hybrid methods have rarely been employed to predict soil properties in wetlands. In this study we used spectral data and derived indices from two remote sensors (Landsat ETM+ and ASTER), with different spatial resolutions, from different seasons, but with similar spectral range, ancillary environmental data, as well as floc and soil total phosphorus (TP) observations from 111 sites. The specific objective of our study was to evaluate the performance of aspatial methods (multivariate regressions — REG), univariate spatial (Ordinary Kriging — OK) and hybrid/multivariate geostatistical methods (Regression Kriging — RK and Co-kriging — CK) in predicting the spatial variability and distribution of floc and soil TP in a subtropical wetland, WCA-2A, in the Florida Everglades. Measured floc TP ranged from 194 to 1865 mg kg^− 1 with a median of 751 mg kg^− 1 and standard deviation (SD) of 381 mg kg^− 1. According to cross-validation, predictions for floc TP based on the root mean square prediction error (RMSE) were best in the following order: RK_quadratic (134.9) > RK_multivariate (201.1) > OK (206.1) > CK (212.1) > REG_multivariate (218.3) > REG_quadratic (220.3) > REG_linear (264.4); and based on the mean prediction error (ME) followed the order RK_multivariate (0.9)  RK_quadratic (1.1) > CK (− 6.7) > REG_multivariate (18.2) > REG_linear (25.1) > OK (− 27.3) > REG_quadratic (27.3). The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)-green derived from Landsat ETM+ showed the largest predictive power for floc TP. Measured soil TP ranged from 155 to 1702 mg kg^− 1 with a median of 433 mg kg^− 1 and standard deviation of 316 mg kg^− 1. Predictions for soil TP based on RMSE were best in the following order: RK_ASTER (200.1) > CK_ASTER (238.2)  CK_ETM (239.0) > OK (258.0) > RK_ETM (279.2) > REG_ASTER (281.8) > REG_ETM (356.1); and based on ME followed the order: CK_ASTER (0.1)  CK_ETM (0.2) > RK_ASTER (− 5.2) > RK_ETM (− 31.5) > OK (− 41.8) > REG_ASTER (94.4) > REG_ETM (133.7). The NDVI showed the largest predictive power for soil TP. This comparative study in a subtropical wetland demonstrated the benefits of incorporating remote sensing data into floc and soil TP prediction models. Overall, hybrid geostatistical methods (CK and RK) performed better than regressions and spatial univariate models (OK) in the prediction of floc and soil TP. Depending on the strength of the spatial covariance between primary and secondary variables (CK) and the ability of the regression model in RK to explain the variability of a target variable (e.g., floc or soil TP), either CK or RK performed best. Our findings in this wetland confirmed results from earlier studies on terrestrial soils indicating the superior performance of hybrid geostatistical methods in predicting soil properties.  相似文献   

苏北优势农业区土壤砷含量空间变异性研究   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

师荣光  赵玉杰  周启星  李野  刘凤枝  孙丽 《农业工程学报》2008,24(1):80-84

为研究江苏北部优势农业区土壤砷含量的空间变异性并分析引起其空间变异的原因,该文采用经典统计学和地质统计学相结合的方法对土壤中砷含量进行了分析.在对原始数据进行探索性空间分析的基础上,采用加权多项式回归法及交叉验证法,对球形、指数、高斯模型拟合实验半变异函数的结果进行评价,并根据评价结果选择了带块金效应的高斯模型作为实验半变异函数的拟合模型.采用普通克里格法对苏北优势农业区土壤砷含量空间分布情况进行插值计算,结果表明苏北优势农业区土壤砷含量存在明显空间相关性并且实验半变异函数表现为各向同性.区域内土壤砷含量最高的区域在研究区的西北部,而最低值在研究区的中北部.劣质水灌溉是引起这种变异的主要原因.  相似文献   

Characterizing spatial variability of soil properties in alluvial soils of India using geostatistics and geographical information system     

S.K. Reza  D.C. Nayak  S. Mukhopadhyay  T. Chattopadhyay  S.K. Singh 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(11):1489-1498

Alluvial soils constitute significant portion of cultivated land in India and it contributes towards food grain production predominantly. The objectives of this study were to assess the spatial variability of soil pH, organic carbon (OC), available (mineralizable) nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), available potassium (K) and available zinc (Zn) of alluvial floodplain soils of Kadwa block, Katihar district, Bihar, India. A total of 85 soil samples, representative of the plough layer (0–25 cm depth from surface) were randomly collected from the study area. The values of soil pH, OC, N, P, K and Zn varied from4.4 to 8.4, 0.20% to 1.20%, 141 to 474, 2.2 to 68.2, 107 to 903 kg ha^–1 and 0.22 to 1.10 mg kg^–1, respectively. The coefficient of variation value was highest for available P (94.3%) and lowest for soil pH (11.3%). Spherical model was found to be the best fit for N, P and Zn contents, while exponential model was the best fit for OC, and Gaussian model was the best-fit model for pH and K. The nugget/sill ratio indicates that except pH and available K all other soil properties were moderately spatially dependent (25–57%). Soil properties exhibited different distribution pattern. It was observed that the use of geostatistical method could accurately generate the spatial variability maps of soil nutrients in alluvial soils.  相似文献   

中国土壤温度的空间预测研究   总被引：18，自引：2，他引：16  

张慧智  史学正  于东升  王洪杰  赵永存  孙维侠  黄宝荣 《土壤学报》2009,46(1):1-8

土壤温度栅格数据是很多区域性宏观研究的重要基础,对离散的土壤温度数据进行空间预测分析获取空间上连续的土壤温度数据具有重要意义。本文用我国698个气象站点的年均土壤温度和年均气温数据以及数字高程模型数据,分析不同气象和地形因素对年均土壤温度的影响;根据全国各地可获取数据源的不同,分别用3组不同的影响因素为辅助变量:(1)年均气温;(2)经度、纬度和海拔;(3)年均气温、经度、纬度和海拔,采用回归克里格法预测我国年均土壤温度空间分布。结果表明年均气温、经度、纬度和海拔对年均土壤温度空间变异均有显著影响。土壤温度空间预测结果的准确性检验显示用经度、纬度和海拔预测土壤温度的精度最高,基于年均气温、经度、纬度和海拔预测的稍差,只用年均气温预测的最差。辅助变量数据的精度及其与年均土壤温度的相关性对预测效果的影响较大。  相似文献   

江西多年平均降水量空间插值模型的选取与比较   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张余庆  陈昌春  尹义星  杨绪红 《水土保持研究》2013,20(4)

为了探究江西省多年平均降水量的空间分布格局,本文选取81个时间序列完整的气象站30 a(1976-2005年)降水数据,运用泛克里格中不同半变异模型对降水数据进行拟合.分别采用65个建模站点交叉验证和16个验证站点的检验,证实了该研究区域多年平均降水量存在较强的空间相关性.通过不同半变异函数模型的对比发现,球面和指数模型在建模站点交叉验证结果中的标准均方根预测误差分别为1.024和1.023,较为接近1,表明其误差较小;其在验证站点检验结果中的标准均方根预测误差分别为1.105和1.104,表明这两种模型的拟合效果较优,能较为真实地反映江西省多年平均降水量的空间分布情况,其中以指数模型拟合效果最优.  相似文献