共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
抚顺西露天矿大型煤矸石山及其周边土壤重金属污染研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
对抚顺西露天矿煤矸石山表层及其周边0～1500m范围土壤进行多点分层取样,分析测定土壤样品中Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Ni等重金属元素含量。结果表明:矸石山碳质页岩与绿色泥岩重金属Cd含量较高,表层风化物中Cd、Ni含量较高,超过土壤环境质量2级标准,其中一些样点超过3级标准。随着与矸石山距离的增加,周边西南部风向方向上土壤Cd、Cr、Ni、Cu含量呈现规律性递减趋势。重金属Cd、Cr、Ni在20～40cm含量大于0～20cm含量,表明其具有一定的纵向迁移性。矸石山表层与周边邻近土壤pH较高,可有效减低重金属污染风险。 相似文献
2.
煤矸石重金属释放活性及其污染土壤的生态风险评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过野外采样与室内实验分析煤矸石重金属的释放活性,并利用潜在生态风险评价法分析煤矸石山周边土壤污染及其潜在生态风险特征。结果表明,实验用煤矸石中重金属主要以残渣态存在,Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr和Cd的残渣态分别占其总量的56.86%,53.27%,72.01%,68.61%和75.93%,不易发生释放迁移,但少量酸溶态和氧化物结合态重金属易被淋溶后在矸石山周围土壤中累积并造成重金属污染。煤矸石山周边土壤重金属含量随着距离的增加呈现减少趋势,表明周边土壤受到煤矸石重金属污染,并且在土壤表层重金属含量最高,加大了重金属进入食物链危害人体健康的风险。通过潜在生态风险评价研究,采样区属于重金属Cd和Pb风险突出区,煤矸石距离5～10 m处潜在生态风险指数为272.34和164.34,属于中等潜在生态风险,其他各点潜在生态风险指数范围为94.62～141.79,属于轻微生态风险。 相似文献
3.
淮南矿区煤矸石风化物特性及有机碳分布特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
以淮南矿区潘一矿煤矸石山为研究对象,通过对煤矸石风化物的理化特性、电镜扫描(SEM)、能谱(EDS)和总有机碳(TOC)含量分析,初步研究了煤矸石风化物有机碳分布和释放规律,以及煤矸石山堆积淋溶作用对周边土壤溶解性有机碳(DOC)含量的影响。结果表明,从山顶、山腰到山脚煤矸石风化物中的总有机碳(TOC)含量依次减小,随着采样深度的增加总有机碳(TOC)含量逐渐变大。煤矸石风化物中总有机碳含量与煤矸石风化物粒径大小呈正相关,与煤矸石风化物的风化程度成负相关。不同粒径煤矸石风化物淋滤液中溶解性有机碳(DOC)的含量随着淋溶时间增大而减小,在96h淋滤液中溶解性有机碳含量趋于稳定,且值较为接近。距离山脚2~100m内,随着采样距离的增加土壤中溶解性有机碳含量(DOC)呈减少趋势。在距离煤矸石山80~100m处土壤溶解性有机碳含量接近正常农田土壤含量。 相似文献
4.
草甘膦对重金属污染土壤中铜、锌淋溶的研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
草甘膦分子结构中含有膦酸基、羧基和胺基等,具有强的络合重金属离子的能力,从而影响重金属在土壤中的环境化学行为.本文采用土柱淋溶方法,研究了不同浓度草甘膦溶液( 0、5 、20 和 50 mg/L)对污染土壤中重金属溶出的影响.草甘膦的存在降低了淋滤液的pH,增加了淋滤液中Cu和Zn的含量.逐层采样并分析了土壤中重金属的生物有效性含量,发现草甘膦的存在增加了土柱下层土壤重金属的生物有效性浓度.大量使用草甘膦会导致污染土壤中重金属的溶出,进而污染地下水. 相似文献
5.
以山西省平朔安太堡露天煤矿为研究对象,对矿区4种复垦基质、7种复垦植物及原地貌农田和林地2种土壤及4种植物的重金属含量进行比较分析与评价。结果表明:不同复垦基质各重金属全量均未超出国家土壤环境质量二级标准,重金属水溶态均低于地表水环境质量标准Ⅲ类水质指标,不会对矿区环境造成危害;重金属全量与水溶态呈一致趋势,即单项污染指数除Cd外,Pb、Cu、Cr和As等元素最高含量均出现在风化煤矸石,综合污染指数均为新鲜煤矸石>风化煤矸石>原地貌农田土壤>南排土场1380平台复垦土壤>南排土场1420燃烧区残留物>原地貌林地土壤;各样点Cd的全量与水溶态达显著相关水平,样点Pb、Cu、Cr和As的全量与水溶态达极显著相关水平;矿区植物中重金属Cd、Pb、Cu和As含量均未超出正常植物的含量标准,但所有植物中Cr含量均超出正常植物的含量标准,因此,矿区植物体中Cr的污染不可忽视。 相似文献
6.
九华铜矿重金属环境污染状况研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择江苏九华铜矿区,对其周边土壤和作物的重金属污染状况进行了研究.结果发现,约有一半的采样点土壤全Cu含量超过我国土壤环境质量三级标准(400 mg/kg),其DTPA提取态Cu含量的平均值为117 mg/kg.通过对矿区土壤重金属间的相关分析表明,土壤Cu与Zn、Pb、Cd、Co之间呈极显著的正相关关系(p＜0.01),而与Cr、Ni无显著相关,说明了该铜矿区土壤还伴有外源Zn、Pb、Cd、Co的污染.土壤复合污染指数(PI)＞1.0的土壤样品占57.3%.矿区周围作物可食部位Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd和Cr的含量均较高. 相似文献
7.
采矿活动对煤矿区土壤中重金属污染研究 总被引：63，自引：1，他引：63
以国家亿吨煤建设基地、已有百年开采历史的淮南矿区为例 ,研究长期采矿活动 (尤其是煤矸石堆积 )造成的矿区土壤重金属污染。从不同开采历史的 3个矿井区 (大约分别为 10 0、5 0、2 5年 )选择 4条土壤采样线 ,系统采集煤矸石堆附近的土壤样品 ,使用美国IRISIntrepid电感耦合等离子体全谱直读光谱仪对土壤中主要有害元素 (Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、Sn、Cr、Co)进行分析 ,用土壤标样 (GBW0 74 0 3)控制分析质量。采用元素富集系数法 (Al为参比元素 )来评价重金属的富集水平。研究结果表明 :矿区土壤已表现来自采矿活动的重金属污染贡献 ,且具有累积性。不同矿井区土壤中重金属含量呈现随开采历史及堆积煤矸石风化时间长而递减的趋势 ,且Co、Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb表现相对较强的迁移性 ,其含量在部分矿井区土壤中超过国家土壤一级污染标准。但矿区土壤中分析的重金属元素均未超过国家土壤二级污染标准 ,这说明煤矸石中重金属向周围土壤的迁移是缓慢过程 相似文献
8.
铜川三里洞煤矿煤矸石风化土壤重金属分布及污染状况分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究煤矿矸石地的土壤重金属分布及污染状况可为污染治理和植被恢复提供科学依据。通过测定陕西省铜川市三里洞煤矿煤矸石风化土壤中Cu,Cr,Cd,Ni,Zn,Pb共6种重金属元素的含量,应用地质累积指数法和潜在生态危险指数法对排矸场风化土壤污染状况进行了分析与评价。结果表明:在地形较平坦,排矸年限长,植被覆盖度大的地段,重金属元素含量较高,而且分布趋于稳定。在坡地,坡下部重金属富集和积累比较明显,一般坡下部重金属含量高于坡上部和坡中部。排矸场Cd污染最为严重,为中度或偏重度污染,且潜在生态危险水平也达到了重度或极重;Cu,Ni,Zn为轻度污染,Cr和Pb污染轻微,个别地段达到轻度污染,这5种重金属元素均达到轻度潜在生态危险水平。可见,该排矸场亟需加强重金属污染的预防和治理。 相似文献
9.
沈阳地区河流灌渠沿岸农田表层土壤中重金属的污染现状评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用地积累指数法和单因子内梅罗综合指数法研究了沈阳地区蒲河、浑河、细河以及沈抚灌渠周边农田表层土壤中7种重金属的污染状况。结果表明,表层土壤中As、Hg、Cd、Pb和Cr的最大值出现在细河周边,Zn和Cu的最大值出现在沈抚灌渠周边,Hg、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr6种重金属的平均含量在各个区域中差别明显。Cd与Hg之间的相关系数高,表明Cd、Hg来源相同;Pb、Zn、As、Cu相关性好,判定可能来自同一来源。地积累指数和单因子内梅罗综合指数计算结果表明,Cd、Hg、Zn污染在这些河流地区较普遍,Pb、Cu、Cr和As在部分地区受到污染,部分细河沿岸农田土壤受到严重污染。 相似文献
10.
内蒙古草原白乃庙铜矿区土壤重金属污染特征研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对位于内蒙古荒漠草原上的白乃庙铜矿采选矿区土壤和尾矿区周围土壤重金属污染状况进行了调查研究。结果表明,矿区土壤中Cu、Cr、Ni、Fe和Mn浓度均高于内蒙古土壤平均值。单因子指数法评价结果表明,五个调查区域土壤都受到了重金属Cu、Cr、Ni、Mn、Fe的污染,其中Cu为重污染,Cr、Ni、Mn、Fe为轻污染,Pb为安全级别,Zn和As只对某些区域有轻污染。综合污染指数法评价结果表明,五个调查区域的土壤重金属污染等级均属重污染,主要贡献元素是Cu,其次是Cr、Ni、Mn、Fe,这与尾矿砂中这些重金属的浓度是相对应的。由于周边地形复杂,多为低山丘陵,所以该地区主导风向对于尾矿库区不同方向土壤重金属污染水平的影响差异并不显著。 相似文献
11.
某硫矿重金属分级及土柱淋溶 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Fractions of various heavy metals in a sulfidic minespoil were investigated.Column leachine experiment was also conducted to simulate “acid mine drainage“(AMD) from the minespoil.The results show that leaching of heavy metals from the minespoil was extremely significant during the initial water flushing.The amounts of heavy metals leached out dramatically reduced after leaching twice.It is worthwhile to note that in this study,Zn,Mn,Fe,As and Ni in the first leachate exceeded the total amount of each corresponding water-extractable(1:5,soil:water)metal contained in the minespoil sample.This appears to suggest that 1:5 water extraction did not allow accurate estimation of water-leachable concentrations of the above heavy metals.This work has implications for the management of sulfidic minespolis.Acid drainage of great environmental concerns is likely to occur only during heavy rainfall events after substantial soluble and readily exchangeable acid and metals are accumulated in the minespoils.The slow-reacting fractions other than water-soulble and readily exchangeable fractions may pose little environmental hazards.This is particularly true for Pb,As and Ni. 相似文献
12.
新疆准东煤田土壤重金属来源分析及风险评价 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
为研究准东矿区土壤重金属来源及生态风险,分析了阜康市至准东矿区中间的3个缓冲区共27个土壤样方的As,Hg,Pb,Cr,Cu,Zn元素重金属含量状况,并利用因子分析、污染指数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对各缓冲区土壤重金属进行了污染来源及风险分析。结果表明:除Cr的总体平均值高于新疆土壤背景值外,其余重金属含量均低于背景值。基于土壤重金属空间分布图显示,除Cu,Hg含量高值分布于C区域土壤外,其余重金属高值均出现在准东矿区(A区域)附近土壤,3个区域各重金属所占比例基本一致,距离矿区越远,变异系数呈减少趋势;污染源分析可知,准东矿区89.3%的Hg来源于煤炭燃烧,40.1%的Pb来源于交通运输,19.65%的As来源于大气降尘,Cu和Cr的主要来源为煤尘,其贡献率分别为60.23%和81.57%,其中29.7%的Cu来源于土壤母质,75.1%的Zn来源于土壤母质;基于污染指数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对不同缓冲区土壤污染风险进行了评价,得出土壤整体呈轻度-中度污染水平,距离矿区越远重金属污染状况越轻。As,Hg,Pb和Cr元素生态风险均呈现缓冲区区域A区域B区域C的趋势,距离矿区越远,生态风险越低。潜在生态风险指数与重金属单因子生态风险的大小顺序一致。 相似文献
13.
Yuangen Yang Zhenli He Peter J. Stoffella Donald A. Graetz Xiaoe Yang Douglas J. Banks 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(3):144-151
Use of biosolids in agriculture to improve crop production and soil quality have created concerns due to content of heavy metals that may affect surface or ground water quality. A column leaching study was conducted to evaluate the leaching potential of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cdmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni) from two typical agricultural sandy soils in South Florida (Spodosol and Alfisol) with increasing application of pelletized biosolids (called PB) at the rates of 0, 1.25, 5.0, 10.0 g kg?1, respectively together with chemical fertilizer (CF). Elevated PB rate resulted in reduced leaching loss of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Co, Ni from Spodosol, but resulted in increased loss of Pb, Zn, Cd, and Co from Alfisol. Significant reduction in Cu loss occurred in both soils, which can be attributed to the strong binding of Cu with organic matter from the applied PB. Percentage of Cd loss as of total Cd was 13% – 41%, the highest in all the heavy metals, whereas loss of Pb as of total Pb was less than 6.6%, though the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Co, and Ni in leachate were mostly above the limits of U.S. EPA drinking water standards or the national secondary drinking water standards. These results indicate that soil properties, PB application rates, and chemical behavior of elements jointly influence the leachate total loads of heavy metals in sandy soils applied with biosolids. Application of CF together with BP at a rate higher than 10.0 g kg?1 for sandy soils may pose potential threats to water quality due to enhanced leachate loads of Cr and Ni in Spodosol and Pb, Zn, Cd, Co and Ni in Alfisol. 相似文献
14.
The influence of manure and composts on the leaching of heavy metals from soil was evaluated in a model lysimeter experiment under controlled conditions. Soil samples were collected from experimental fields, from 0- to 90-cm layers retaining the layout of the soil profile layers, after the second crop rotation cycle with the following plant species: potatoes, spring barley, winter rapeseed, and winter wheat. During the field experiment, 20 t DM/ha of manure, municipal sewage sludge composted with straw (SSCS), composted sewage sludge (SSC), dried granular sewage sludge (DGSS), “Dano” compost made from non-segregated municipal waste (CMMW), and compost made from municipal green waste (CUGW) was applied, i.e., 10 t DM/ha per crop rotation cycle. The concentrations (μg/dm3) of heavy metals in the leachate were as follows: Cd (3.6–11.5)?<?Mn (4.8–15.4)?<?Cu (13.4–35.5)?<?Zn (27.5–48.0)?<?Cr (36.7–96.5)?<?Ni (24.4–165.8)?<?Pb (113.8–187.7). Soil fertilization with organic waste materials did not contaminate the percolating water with manganese or zinc, whereas the concentrations of the other metals increased to the levels characteristic of unsatisfactory water quality and poor water quality classes. The copper and nickel content of percolating water depended on the concentration of those metals introduced into the soil with organic waste materials. The concentrations of Cd in the leachate increased, whereas the concentrations of Cu and Ni decreased with increasing organic C content of organic fertilizers. The widening of the C/N ratio contributed to Mn leaching. The concentrations of Pb, Cr, and Mn in the percolating water were positively correlated with the organic C content of soil. 相似文献
15.
采用土柱模拟实验,比较研究了覆盖绿化植物废弃物与土壤之上和绿化植物废弃物与土壤混合处理对城市绿地土壤中重金属淋溶的影响。结果表明,Zn、Pb和Cd均在80天后淋溶完全,而Cu有所不同,在80天后又有增加的趋势,原因可能跟重金属与有机质的结合能力有关。此外,绿化植物废弃物与土壤相混合能抑制Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd向下淋溶,而绿化植物废弃物覆盖于土壤之上则有促进Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd淋溶的趋势,且不论是混合处理还是覆盖处理,20cm厚绿化植物废弃物的处理均比10cm厚绿化植物废弃物处理对Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的促进或抑制作用大。研究还得知,Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的迁移还与土壤pH有关,低pH土壤有利于重金属的淋溶。 相似文献
16.
选取凤县典型铅锌矿区银洞梁8个监测点的土壤样品,在实验室应用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收分光光度法进行Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr五种重金属全量测定。应用密切值法对8个监测点的土壤重金属污染程度进行综合评价,结果表明该矿区土壤已受不同程度重金属污染,其中两个监测点达到了严重污染程度。考察了密切值法的综合评价与单因子污染指数法评价两结果之间的关系,结果表明具有较强迁移能力的矿区主要污染物Zn能够较好的表征矿区土壤重金属的综合污染状况。 相似文献
17.
The objective of this study was to test the suitability of a simple approach to identify the direction from where airborne heavy metals reach the study area as indication of their sources. We examined the distribution of heavy metals in soil profiles and along differently exposed transects. Samples were taken from 10 soils derived from the same parent material along N-, S-, and SE-exposed transects at 0—10, 10—20, and 20—40 cm depth and analyzed for total Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations. The heavy metal concentrations at 0—10 cm were larger than background concentrations in German arable soils except for Cr (Cd: 0.6—1.8 mg kg—1; Cr: 39—67; Cu: 40—77; Ni: 87—156; Pb: 48—94; Zn: 71—129; Fe: 26—34 g kg—1; Mn: 1.1—2.4). Decreasing Cd, Cu, Mn, and Pb concentrations with increasing soil depth pointed at atmospheric inputs. Aluminum and Ni concentrations increased with soil depth. Those of Fe, Cr, and Zn did not change with depth indicating that inputs at most equalled leaching losses. The Pb accumulation in the surface layer (i.e. the ratio between the Pb concentrations at 0—10 to those at 20—40 cm depth) was most pronounced at N-exposed sites; Pb obviously reached Mount Križna mainly by long-range transport from N where several industrial agglomerations are located. Substantial Cd, Cu, and Mn accumulations at the S- and SE-exposed sites indicated local sources such as mining near to the study area which probably are also the reason for slight Cr and Zn accumulations in the SE-exposed soils. Based on a principal component analysis of the total concentrations in the topsoils four metal groups may be distinguished: 1. Cr, Ni, Zn; 2. Mn, Cd; 3. Pb (positive loading), Cu (negative loading); 4. Al, Fe, indicating common sources and distribution patterns. The results demonstrate that the spatial distribution of soil heavy metal concentrations can be used as indication of the location of pollution sources. 相似文献
18.
为探究城市污水厂离心脱水污泥改良沙土对重金属及营养成分迁移转化的影响,利用掺混量为15%的污泥改良沙土作为0—20 cm土层土壤,通过饱和淋洗的方式分析了重金属及营养成分在土层中含量及形态转化,揭示了土层中重金属及营养成分迁移转化规律。结果表明:从重金属总量来看,试验淋洗10次后,土壤表层Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr滞留率较高,分别为78.57%,78.72%,86.35%,76.61%,Ni滞留率较低,为40.37%。但随着淋融次数的增加,重金属都存在一定淋失或向下层土壤迁移的风险;从重金属形态来看,各重金属Ni,Zn,Cr,Cu,Pb活性系数（MF）分别为1.657,0.531,0.265,0.113,0,由此可以得出,Ni,Zn在土壤环境中性质不稳定,Cr,Cu性质较为稳定,Pb最为稳定;改良沙土中氮磷营养元素在淋洗后含量下降,氮的流失率为39.36%,磷的流失率为18.67%,氮素较磷素易发生流失,下层沙土氮提升量高于磷。 相似文献
19.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(4):390-407
The To Lich and Kim Nguu Rivers, laden with untreated waste from industrial sources, serve as sources of water for irrigating vegetable farms. The purposes of this study were to identify the impact of wastewater irrigation on the level of heavy metals in the soils and vegetables and to predict their potential mobility and bioavailability. Soil samples were collected from different distances from the canal. The average concentrations of the heavy metals in the soil were in the order zinc (Zn; 204 mg kg?1) > copper (Cu; 196 mg kg?1) > chromium (Cr; 175 mg kg?1) > lead (Pb; 131 mg kg?1) > nickel (Ni; 60 mg kg?1) > cadmium (Cd; 4 mg kg?1). The concentrations of all heavy metals in the study site were much greater than the background level in that area and exceeded the permissible levels of the Vietnamese standards for Cd, Cu, and Pb. The concentrations of Zn, Ni, and Pb in the surface soil decreased with distance from the canal. The results of selective sequential extraction indicated that dominant fractions were oxide, organic, and residual for Ni, Pb, and Zn; organic and oxide for Cr; oxide for Cd; and organic for Cu. Leaching tests for water and acid indicated that the ratio of leached metal concentration to total metal concentration in the soil decreased in the order of Cd > Ni > Cr > Pb > Cu > Zn and in the order of Cd > Ni > Cr > Zn > Cu > Pb for the ethylenediaminetetraaceitc acid (EDTA) treatment. The EDTA treatment gave greater leachability than other treatments for most metal types. By leaching with water and acid, all heavy metals were fully released from the exchangeable fraction, and some heavy metals were fully released from carbonate and oxide fractions. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the vegetables exceeded the Vietnamese standards. The transfer coefficients for the metals were in the order of Zn > Ni > Cu > Cd = Cr > Pb. 相似文献