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1.
马尾松人工林速生材表面强化工艺综合评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对马尾松速生材进行汽蒸、热压和表面强化改性处理,建立最佳改性工艺,实现速生材的高效利用.研究得出的最佳工艺为:汽蒸处理2.5 h,热压温度140℃,压力0.4 MPa,涂胶前木材含水率17%,胶种为改性脲醛树脂(UF),涂胶量250 g·m-2.按此工艺,木材含水率由100%降至10%所需时间为43.4 min,体积收缩率0.472%,抗弯弹性模量13 828MPa,抗弯强度98.0MPa,横纹全部抗压强度5.4 MPa,表面硬度为2 966 N,磨耗量72 mg·(100r)-1.与马尾松素材相比,改性处理材的抗弯弹性模量、抗弯强度、横纹抗压强度(全部)和表面硬度均增大,同时体积收缩系数和磨耗量也增大. 相似文献
2.
利用浸渍用蔗糖-三聚氰胺-甲醛(SMF)树脂与无机纳米耐磨材料制备耐磨涂层,涂布于浸渍薄木,与杨木单板复合制备三层杨木饰面地板。采用单因素试验法考察无机纳米材料种类、粒径、添加量、超声时间与超声温度对地板表面耐磨性的影响,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱与扫描电子显微镜对无机耐磨材料改性SMF树脂与饰面板表面变化进行分析与表征。结果表明:选择粒径为80 nm的纳米三氧化二铝LLAL-01,添加量为25 g/m2,超声震荡40 min,反应温度为60°C时,饰面的三层杨木地板表面磨耗值为0.046 g/100 r,远小于GB/T 15102—2017标准耐磨磨耗值0.080 g/100 r。 相似文献
3.
15年生香樟人工林木材物理力学性质研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以15年生香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)人工林木材为研究对象,测定其物理力学性质,为其加工利用提供参考。结果表明,香樟人工林木材的气干密度、基本密度和绝干密度分别为0.51、0.41和0.48 g/cm^3,气干密度属于Ⅱ级;差异干缩属于中等,尺寸稳定性相对较差;端面硬度2909 N、弦面硬度2353 N、径面硬度2403 N,属于Ⅱ级,硬度偏小;顺纹抗压强度为33.4 MPa,属于Ⅱ级;抗弯强度为79 MPa,属于Ⅱ级;抗弯弹性模量为1.25 GPa,属于Ⅲ级,弹性相对较好;冲击韧性为53 kJ/m^2,属于中等;综合强度为112.4 MPa,属于中等;品质系数为274 MPa,品质系数高。 相似文献
4.
为改善木材硬度不均,减少各向异性,提高木材切削性能,以北京杨为试验材料,采用不同温度(-6、-9、-12℃)和不同时间(4、6、8、10 h)对木材进行冷冻处理,研究分析了冷冻处理条件对木材三切面硬度和抗剪强度的影响。结果表明:冷冻处理温度和时间对处理效果影响显著,在较低的处理温度条件下,木材三切面的硬度和抗剪强度趋于一定值;杨木生材合理的冷冻处理温度为-6℃以上;可通过三切面硬度变化和抗剪强度变化关系来评价木材冷冻处理效果。 相似文献
5.
人工林米老排木材的物理力学性质 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对23年生人工林米老排木材物理力学性质进行了测定和分析.结果表明:木材气干密度、全干密度和基本密度分别为0.577 g/cm3,0.554 g/cm3,0.463 g/cm3,属中等级别.木材全干差异干缩和气干差异干缩分别为1.963和2.442,弦向和径向干缩湿胀差异较大;木材端面、弦面和径面的硬度分别为5 717.0 N,3 963.7 N和3 822.8 N,弦面和径面的抗劈力分别为16和14 N/mm,弦面和径面的顺纹抗剪强度分别为11.6 MPa和11.3 MPa,抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量分别为132.3 MPa和13 092 MPa,冲击韧性为62.5 kJ/m2,顺纹抗压强度为48.7 MPa;木材综合品质系数为3 909×105Pa,品质系数非常高,属高等级材. 相似文献
6.
水性树脂底漆对木材表面润湿性能的影响是决定木器涂装质量的关键因素。为了给木器水性漆涂装提供基本依据,选择松木、杉木、橡木、奥古曼和非洲紫檀5种木材,研究水性丙烯酸树脂底漆、水性丙烯酸改性聚氨酯底漆、双组分水性丙烯酸树脂对其表面润湿性能的影响。采用正交试验设计方案,以漆种、底漆质量分数、树种和干磨砂纸粒度为影响润湿性的因素,分别研究水性树脂底漆在木材弦、径切面的接触角大小和5种木材弦、径切面的孔槽比,分析影响木材表面润湿性的因素及原因。结果表明:4个因素水平中,底漆质量分数和漆种对木材表面润湿性的影响非常显著,树种对其影响显著,干磨砂纸粒度对其无显著影响;5种木材径切面的孔槽比高于弦切面,针叶材弦、径切面的孔槽比高于阔叶材,径切面的润湿性优于弦切面,针叶材表面润湿性优于阔叶材;此外,单组分水性树脂底漆在5种木材弦、径切面的润湿性优于双组分水性树脂底漆。因此,在木器水性漆高质量涂装中,对于不同木材种类应该选择合适的水性涂料及最优质量分数,才能保证涂装中底漆良好的质量。 相似文献
7.
8.
不同品系美国黑核桃木材物理力学性质的差异 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《林业科学》2016,(6)
【目的】研究对比不同品系核桃木材之间物理力学性质的差异,为木材的合理利用及优质木材的定向培育提供参考。【方法】以采自河南省洛阳市洛宁县东关村的23年生美国黑核桃比尔、拉兹、皮纳、哈尔、莎切尔、北加州、奇异、大果、帕米尔20号和奥奇1号共10个品系的木材为研究对象,按照国家标准测量其气干密度、全干密度、气干干缩率、全干干缩率、顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、硬度(径面硬度、端面硬度和弦面硬度)10个性状,运用Excel,SPSS Statistics,Origin 7.5等软件进行不同品系间的数据统计、方差分析及绘图比较。【结果】10个品系美国黑核桃木材的气干密度、全干密度、气干差异干缩、全干差异干缩、顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、硬度(径面硬度、端面硬度和弦面硬度)的测量值范围分别为0.613～0.754 g·cm~(-3),0.575～0.708 g·cm~(-3),1.4～1.8,1.5～2.4,30.8～37.1 MPa,86.5～123.7 MPa,9.63～16.13 GPa,4 880～7 120 N,5 720～8 030 N,4 920～7 270 N;相应最大值分别为哈尔(0.754 g·cm~(-3))、哈尔(0.708 g·cm~(-3))、北加州(1.8)、北加州(2.4)、奥奇1号(37.1 MPa)、奥奇1号(123.7 MPa)、奥奇1号(16.13 GPa)、哈尔(7 120 N)、哈尔(8 030 N)、莎切尔(7 270N),最小值分别为北加州(0.613 g·cm~(-3))、北加州(0.575 g·cm~(-3))、皮纳(1.4)、皮纳(1.5)、大果(30.8 MPa)、北加州(86.5 MPa)、大果(9.63 GPa)、比尔(4 880 N)、拉兹(5 720 N)、比尔(4 920 N)。【结论】美国黑核桃木材的物理力学性质中气干密度、全干密度、弦向全干干缩率和差异干缩4项指标在不同品系间存在显著差异,而径向干缩率以及体积干缩率在气干和全干条件下差异均不显著;不同品系间顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量和硬度(径面硬度、端面硬度、弦面硬度)均存在显著差异。引种黑核桃木材物理力学性质与原产地黑核桃木材相比整体差异不大,且高于同产地的核桃楸和核桃2种常用的家具用材,所以10个品系的美国黑核桃木材物理力学性质较好,可作为家具用材使用。10个品系美国黑核桃木材中奥奇1号和哈尔材性优于其他品系,而皮纳的尺寸稳定性最好。 相似文献
9.
以脱脂饼粕为原料,采取水浸法提取籽胶固沙剂并喷洒在流动沙土表面,取得了明显的固沙效果。测定结果表明:料液比0.5%～3.0%,室温条件下水浸提24～72 h,其水溶性籽胶干物质含量平均为2.89%。随着料液比和提取时间的增加,喷洒籽胶固沙剂5 kg/m^2,沙结壳硬度由0.25 kg/cm^2逐渐增加到1.37 kg/cm^2,但沙结壳厚度并没有这样的变化规律,而是随着料液比增加,提取24 h,沙结壳厚度由1.76 cm逐渐增加到2.74 cm,提取48 h或72 h,沙结壳厚度变化范围分别为1.56～1.72 cm或1.49～1.76 cm。料液比2%,提取24 h,喷洒籽胶固沙剂5～14 kg/m^2,沙结壳硬度由0.65 kg/cm^2增加到1.94 kg/cm^2,沙结壳厚度由2.2 cm增加到3.3 cm。水浸法提取饼粕籽胶固沙剂在流动沙土表面具有良好的入渗深度和胶结效果,且沙胶结壳厚度、硬度和提取饼粕料液比、提取时间及喷洒量有密切关系。 相似文献
10.
在不同环境下的生态适应过程中,树种会受自然条件的影响,不同种源表现出不同的生长形态和生理特性.为了选择出适宜于江西省的苦楝优良种源,对40个苦楝种源的4年生幼林树高、胸径和材积生长进行测定与分析,结果表明:1)苦楝不同种源之间的树高、胸径和材积生长量均存在极显著性差异,苦楝种源群体树高、胸径、材积总均值分别为:3.38 m、3.66 cm、0.0028 m3;35号种源(广东增城种源)树高、胸径生长量最大,其树高平均生长量为4.00 m,大于群体总均值18.34％,胸径平均生长量为4.63 cm,大于群体总均值26.50％;7号种源(广西博白种源)的材积生长量最大,为0.0056 m3,大于群体总均值100％;2)对40个苦楝种源的树高和胸径指标进行聚类,将参试材料分为4类,其优劣顺序为:类群Ⅲ>类群Ⅳ>类群Ⅱ>类群Ⅰ;3)7号(广西博白)、9号(广西容县)、10号(赣州南康三江)、14号(广西北流)、29号(宜春袁州)、35号(广东增城)等6个苦楝种源,其种源试验林生长整体显著优于CK1(章贡蟠龙种源)和CK2(大余种源),具有明显的速生性,可初步作为优良种源,供江西地区及其种源所在地苦楝造林用种. 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
18.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
19.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):166-178
This study investigated the forest history, structural characteristics, the presence of fungal species suggested to indicate ecological continuity in old-growth forest, and the species composition of saproxylic beetles in 30 old forest ''woodland key habitats'' (WKHs), and compared them with production forest in the same age-class in south-eastern Norway. No statistically significant differences in forest characteristics, community of saproxylic beetles or number of red-listed beetles were found between the WKHs and the production forest, probably owing to a combination of profound long-term logging and a lack of will to delineate sufficiently large WKHs in the one area with significantly less forestry impact. The study indicates the advantage of including forest history information in WKH selection where such data exist, and the importance of restoring habitats in heavily exploited forest landscapes. 相似文献