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1.
风沙活动强度是研究风沙地貌形成、演变及进行风沙灾害防治的重要理论依据.通过2006-2013年风速数据的统计和计算,对老哈河下游地区春季风沙活动强度特征进行了系统研究.结果表明:有效起沙风速随着风速等级的增加,其出现频率相应减少,主要集中在5.1 ～9.0m·s-1之间;输沙势、输沙量的方位分布与起沙风相似,以WNW、NW方向为主;春季的输沙势(DP)为70.50 VU,合成输沙势(RDP)为37.89VU,合成输沙方向(RDD)为108.3°;春季的最大可能输沙量为1848.49kg·m-1,合成输沙量为1005.42kg·m-1,合成输沙方向为103°,与该地区沙丘走向基本吻合;对输沙量贡献最大的风速以6.0～10.0m·s-1为主. 相似文献
2.
风向风速矢量统计、输沙势计算以及风况风能环境分类是研究沙区风沙地貌动力学的重要内容。文中以青海湖湖东沙区为研究对象，使用2006、2009、2012及2015年3、4、5月的逐时风速风向数据，计算起沙风、输沙势的数值及方向，分析评估风季研究区风沙活动特征及风能环境，结果表明：1)青海湖湖东沙区起沙风以西风组为主，东风组几乎没有起沙风。2)青海湖湖东沙区的输沙势以W、WNW、WSW、SW,4个方向为主，各月各方向输沙势值均在16.9VU以下，各月合成输沙势RDP低于30VU,4年风季输沙势值均低于65VU,年输沙势值小于200VU,属于低风能区。3)合成输沙方向RDD全部位于ENE、E、ESE这3个方向上，该沙区属于单峰或者窄双峰风况，潜在输沙方向比较单一。 相似文献
3.
库姆塔格沙漠东缘荒漠绿洲过渡带风况及输沙势 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以国家林业局库姆塔格荒漠生态系统定位研究站2012-2013年的气象资料为依据,分析了库姆塔格沙漠东缘荒漠-绿洲过渡带的风况特征和输沙势变化情况.结果表明:1)研究区主要受WNW-NW和ENE-NE两组风向起沙风控制,其中主风向为WNW-NW,占全年起沙风的35.15％,次风向为ENE-NE,占全年起沙风的24.80％;2)该区起沙风主要发生在春季和夏季,占全年起沙风的72.59％,春季起沙风主风向为ENE,其他季节起沙风的主风向为WNW方向.3)在风沙活动期内,年合成输沙势(RDP)为54.73VU,合成输沙势方向(DDR)为S 189°,研究区属于低风能环境.研究区输沙势的大小具有明显的季节性,其中春季和夏季具有较高的总输沙势(DP)和合成输沙势(DDR). 相似文献
4.
本文通过野外观测、室内分析计算、CFD数值模拟方法，对敦格铁路沙山沟特大桥东西两侧风动力环境特征进行研究分析。结果表明：（1）沙山沟特大桥东西两侧春夏季起沙风主要以NW和WNW风向为主，秋冬季起沙风向主要以SE、S风为主；沙山沟特大桥西侧全年输沙势为284.19 VU，属于中等风能环境，合成输沙势为27.4 VU，合成输沙风向为124°，方向变率指数为0.10，属于小比率，风向多变。（2）沙山沟特大桥东侧年输沙势为31.24 VU，属于低风能环境，合成输沙势为8.97 VU，合成输沙风向为91°，方向变率指数为0.29，属于中比率；沙山沟特大桥西侧平均风速、起沙风频率、输沙势、合成输沙势较大，应加强高架桥西侧沙害监测与防治；根据高架桥西侧风动力环境特点并结合流动沙丘进行模拟，分析得出桥底架空区域及桥面风速均大于起沙风速，输沙能力较强，不易产生积沙。但随着沙丘的前移，桥底架空区域产生积沙及风沙上轨可能性增大。 相似文献
5.
新疆策勒河下游塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘风沙活动特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对策勒风沙前沿风况及输沙数据统计分析,采用回归分析方法,初步揭示了其风沙活动特征。结果表明:单方位0-100cm高度集沙仪每层高度输沙量随高度变化服从指数或幂函数关系,0-10cm和0-20cm高度范围累积输沙量分别占总输沙量的12.43-42.88%和23.43-64.16%。全方位跃移输沙量主要集中在WNW、W、SW、WSW、NW方位上,每个观测阶段的输沙势与BSNE水平输沙通量呈多项式函数关系,相关性极好,输沙势大小与40cm高全方位跃移总输沙量呈线性正相关关系。单方位集沙仪在0-100cm高度累积输沙量与输沙势大小呈明显的指数函数关系。通过塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘风沙前沿风况大小可以预测BSNE输沙通量和近地表全方位跃移总输沙量,对于防沙工程的设计具有重要的理论意义。 相似文献
6.
荒漠-绿洲过渡带风况及输沙势分析——以策勒县为例 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以中国科学院新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外观测研究站2005-2006年的气象资料为依据,分析了塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘荒漠-绿洲过渡带的风况特征和输沙势变化情况.结果表明:①研究区风向以W风为主,频率占62.43%～76.25%,WNW风次之,频率占17.75%;②该区起沙风主要发生在春夏两季,其频率占全年的11.93%～61.84%,6月出现频率最高,且春夏两季起沙风平均风速较大,最大达7.90 m/s;③在风沙活动期内,研究区风向变率指数(RDP/DP)为0.94,属于单风风况,合成输沙势(RDP)及合成输沙方向(RDD)分别为27.98VU和92.10°(ESE),属于低风能环境.输沙势的季节变化幅度较大,主要集中在春夏两季. 相似文献
7.
沙漠地区风沙活动特征——以中国科学院风沙观测场为例 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
运用中国科学院风沙科学观测场的实测资料,对腾格里沙漠风沙环境特征进行初步分析,内容包括起沙风、风沙活动强度、风沙流结构和沙漠边界层的风速廓线.该地区的起沙风以6～8 m/s为主,占总起沙风的71.63%,其次为8～10 m/s,占19.24%,两者之和占90.87%;大风日数为4天;风向以W-N组风向为主;占全年的53.14%.年输沙势为36.56VU,风能属于低风能环境,单一主风向和单风态风环境.风沙流主要集中在地表的0.1 m,占总输沙量的95.46%.观测场近地层厚度大于50 m. 相似文献
8.
以北京师范大学陕西省靖边县榆林风沙科学野外实验站自动气象站2007-2009年的降雨、风速和风向数据为基础,分析沙漠-黄土过渡带风水复合侵蚀营力的特征。结果表明：① 研究区年内降雨量≥12 mm的降雨事件主要分布在5-9月,月平均降雨侵蚀力8月最大,为318.24 MJ·mm/(hm2·h·a),年平均降雨侵蚀力为510.08 MJ·mm/(hm2·h·a);② 该区西北风占主导地位,东南风次之,累计频率分别为43.8%和16.21%;起沙风主要集中在3-6月,其频率分别为19.34%、12.34%、20.5%、12.39%;③ 研究区年平均输沙势（DP）、合成输沙势（RDP）分别为228.76 VU、41.73 VU,合成输沙方向（RDD）为141.17°,方向变率指数（RDP/DP）为0.2,起沙风变率较大,属于中等风能环境,沙物质向东南偏南方向输移。 相似文献
9.
艾比湖地区的输沙势分析 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
利用艾比湖地区 5个气象站 196 1- 2 0 0 1年的观测资料分析输沙势变化 ,结果表明 :(1)艾比湖地区合成输沙势春季最大 ,平均是 131.4VU ,夏季次之 ,是 89.9VU ,冬季最小 ,是 4 5 .4VU。四季合成输沙势在 2 0世纪 6 0年代最大 ,90年代最小 ;春季、冬季从 6 0～ 90年代一直减小 ;夏季、秋季在 80年代有次高出现。各季的最大值出现年代不同 ,最小值均出现在 90年代 ;(2 )年合成输沙势从 6 0 - 90年代减小 ,80年代中期到 90年代减小较快 ,最大值是 1977年的 12 4 .3VU ,最小值是 1999年的 4 5 .8VU ,平均是 87.7VU ;(3)沙尘暴、扬沙在 6 0 - 70年代年出现日数较多 ,70年代中期达到最多 ,随后开始下降 ,90年代初达到最少 ,之后 ,稍有增大。 相似文献
10.
11.
最近10年来新疆风沙地貌研究进展 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
最新研究表明,塔克拉玛干沙漠风沙活动与气温变化呈现"风热同步"现象,虽然其风况类型多样,但整个沙漠处于低风能环境。不同沙丘部位上风沙流输沙量的对数与高度之间表现为线性关系。当气流与沙丘走向斜交时,两侧相同部位输沙率的差异不大,这是线形沙丘保持其动力形态平衡的主要原因之一。古尔班通古特沙漠也处于复合型低能风环境之中,冬季积雪和冻土对沙漠地表形成有利的保护,有效植被覆盖和生物结皮是沙面整体处于稳定状态的重要因素,风沙活动仅存在于沙垄顶部和两坡上部。沙漠中生物结皮发育、种类丰富,其类型和分布具有明显的景观异质性特征。天山北坡和昆仑山北坡的黄土研究揭示,新疆两大沙漠从中更新世以来出现明显的干旱化,沙漠逐步扩大至今天规模。此外,塔里木沙漠公路和古尔班通古特沙漠输水明渠沿线的风沙危害具有明显的时空分异特点。因此,根据工程设施所处地形与地貌部位,可定性判断风沙危害类型与强度,进而确定防治方案和措施。今后新疆风沙地貌学研究应注重研究领域的拓展、研究方法的突破和实验手段的创新3个方面。 相似文献
12.
Wind controls the formation and development of sand dunes. Therefore, understanding the wind regimes is necessary in sand dune research. In this study, we combined the wind data from 2017 to 2019 at four meteorological stations (Cherigele and Wuertabulage stations in the lake basins, and Yikeri and Sumujilin stations on the top of sand dunes) in the hinterland of the Badain Jaran Desert in China, with high resolution Google Earth images to analyze the correlation between the wind energy environments and dune morphology. The results of data analysis indicated that both the wind direction and sand drift intensity exhibited notable spatial and temporal variations. The highest level of wind activity was observed in spring. Northwesterly and northeasterly winds were the dominant in the Badain Jaran Desert. At the Cherigele, Wuertabulage, and Yikeri stations, the drift potential (DP) was below 200.00 vector units (VU). The wind energy environments in most areas could be classified as low-energy environments. The resultant drift direction differed at different stations and in different seasons, but the overall direction was mainly the southeast. The resultant drift potential (RDP)/DP ratio was greater than 0.30 in most parts of the study area, suggesting that the wind regimes mainly exhibited unimodal or bimodal characteristics. Differences between the thermodynamic properties and the unique landscape settings of lakes and sand dunes could alter the local circulation and intensify the complexity of the wind regimes. The wind regimes were weaker in the lake basins than on the top of sand dunes. Transverse dunes were the most dominant types of sand dunes in the study area, and the wind regimes at most stations were consistent with sand dune types. Wind was thus the main dynamic factor affecting the formation of sand dunes in the Badain Jaran Desert BJD. The results of this study are important for understanding the relationship between the wind regimes and aeolian landforms of the dune field in the deserts. 相似文献
13.
Deserts are ideal places to develop ground-mounted large-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) powerstation. Unfortunately, solar energy production, operation, and maintenance are affected bygeomorphological changes caused by surface erosion that may occur after the construction of the solar PVpower station. In order to avoid damage to a solar PV power station in sandy areas, it is necessary toinvestigate the characteristics of wind-sand movement under the interference of solar PV array. The studywas undertaken by measuring sediment transport of different wind directions above shifting dunes andthree observation sites around the PV panels in the Hobq Desert, China. The results showed that the twoparameterexponential function provides better fit for the measured flux density profiles to the near-surfaceof solar PV array. However, the saltation height of sand particles changes with the intersection anglebetween the solar PV array and wind direction exceed 45°. The sediment transport rate above shifting duneswas always the greatest, while that around the test PV panels varied accordingly to the wind direction.Moreover, the aeolian sediment transport on the solar PV array was significantly affected by wind direction.The value of sand inhibition rate ranged from 35.46% to 88.51% at different wind directions. When theintersection angle exceeds 45°, the mean value of sediment transport rate above the solar PV array reducesto 82.58% compared with the shifting dunes. The results of our study expand our understanding of theformation and evolution of aeolian geomorphology at the solar PV footprint. This will facilitate the designand control engineering plans for solar PV array in sandy areas that operate according to the wind regime. 相似文献
14.
YANG Junhuai 《干旱区科学》2020,12(6):917-936
Aeolian processes have been studied extensively at low elevations, but have been relatively little studied at high elevations. Aeolian sediments are widely distributed in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin, southern Tibetan Plateau, which is characterized by low pressure and low temperature. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the wind regime using data since 1980 from 11 meteorological stations in the study area, and examined the interaction between the near-surface wind and aeolian environment. The wind environment exhibited significant spatial and temporal variation, and mean wind speed has generally decreased on both annual and seasonal bases since 1980, at an average of 0.181 m/(s·10a). This decrease resulted from the reduced contribution of maximum wind speed, and depended strongly on variations of the frequency of sand-driving winds. The drift potential and related parameters also showed obvious spatial and temporal variation, with similar driving forces for the wind environment. The strength of the wind regime affected the formation and development of the aeolian geomorphological pattern, but with variation caused by local topography and sediment sources. The drift potential and resultant drift direction were two key parameters, as they quantify the dynamic conditions and depositional orientation of the aeolian sediments. Wind affected the spatial variation in sediment grain size, but the source material and complex topographic effects on the near-surface wind were the underlying causes for the grain size distribution of aeolian sands. These results will support efforts to control aeolian desertification in the basin and improve our understanding of aeolian processes in high-elevation environments. 相似文献
15.
Estimation of the quantity of aeolian saltation sediments blown into the Yellow River from the Ulanbuh Desert,China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The Ulanbuh Desert borders the upper reach of the Yellow River.Every year,a mass of aeolian sand is blown into the Yellow River by the prevailing wind and the coarse aeolian sand results in serious silting in the Yellow River.To estimate the quantity of aeolian sediments from the Ulanbuh Desert blown into the Yellow River,we simulated the saltation processes of aeolian sediments in the Ulanbuh Desert.Then we used a saltation submodel of the IWEMS(Integrated Wind-Erosion Modeling System)and its accompanying RS(Remote Sensing)and GIS(Geographic Information System)modules to estimate the quantity of saltation sediments blown into the Yellow River from the Ulanbuh Desert.We calibrated the saltation submodel by the synchronous observation to wind velocity and saltation sediments on several points with different vegetation cover.The vegetation cover,frontal area of vegetation,roughness length,and threshold friction velocity in various regions of the Ulanbuh Desert were obtained using NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)data,measured sand-particle sizes,and empirical relationships among vegetation cover,sand-particle diameters,and wind velocity.Using these variables along with the observed wind velocities and saltation sediments for the observed points,the saltation model was validated.The model results were shown to be satisfactory(RMSE less than 0.05 and|Re|less than 17%).In this study,a subdaily wind-velocity program,WINDGEN,was developed using this model to simulate hourly wind velocities around the Ulanbuh Desert.By incorporating simulated hourly wind-velocity and wind-direction data,the quantity of saltation sediments blown into the Yellow River was calculated with the saltation submodel.The annual quantity of aeolian sediments blown into the Yellow River from the Ulanbuh Desert was 5.56×106t from 2001 to 2010,most of which occurred in spring(from March to May);for example,6.54×105tons of aeolian sand were blown into the Yellow River on 25 April,2010.However,in summer and winter,the saltation process occasionally occurred.This research has supplied some references to prevent blown sand hazards and silting in the Yellow River. 相似文献
16.
塔里木沙漠公路对近地表风沙运动过程的影响 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
通过对塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地野外试验数据的分析,探讨了塔里木沙漠公路对近地表风沙运动过程的影响.结果表明:①阻沙栅栏和草方格固沙带对近地表气流的速度和风速廓线形成很大影响,风速整体被削弱,而且越接近地表,削弱程度越大,风速廓线的垂直梯度增加;②在防沙体系内,地表输沙率急剧下降,风沙流结构发生很大变化,下层含沙量下降,而上层含沙量相对变化较少,在阻沙栅栏的积沙带和草方格固沙带内上层含沙量趋于均匀分布;(3) 阻沙栅栏和草方格固沙带也影响沙丘的移动.当主导输沙风向与栅栏相交呈小角度时,靠近栅栏的沙丘顺栅栏走向侧向移动相交呈大角度时,移动方向变化不大,草方格固沙带不影响沙丘的移动方向;阻沙栅栏和草方格固沙带能降低沙丘的移动速度,而在固沙带内部,由于沙丘的逆向演变,沙丘体积减小,移动速度较快. 相似文献
17.
PANG Yingjun 《干旱区科学》2020,12(5):887-902
The seif dune field over the gravel desert surface in the eastern margin of the Kumtagh Desert is a valuable experimental site for the observation of dune formation and dynamics. We used high-resolution remote sensing and station observation approaches, combined with wind and grain size data, to study the characteristics of the aeolian environment and the morphologies of and dynamic changes in seif dunes. We observed the ratio of the resultant drift potential (RDP) to the drift potential (DP), which was 0.37, associated with an obtuse bimodal wind regime. The drift potentials in the west-northwest (WNW) and east-northeast (ENE) directions were dominant, and the angle between the two primary DP directions was 135.00°. The dune orientations ranged from 168.75°-213.75°, which were parallel to the resultant drift direction (186.15°). The dune lengths ranged from 51.68 to 1932.11 m with a mean value of 344.91 m. The spacings of the dunes ranged from 32.34 to 319.77 m with a mean value of 93.39 m. The mean grain size of the sediments became finer, and the sorting became better from upwind tail to downwind tip, which indicated that the sediment of the seif dunes in the study region may be transported from northward to southward. The rate of increase in the length, the mean longitudinal migration rate of the dune tail, and the mean longitudinal extension rate of the dune tip (also called elongation rate) were 4.93, 4.63, and 9.55 m/a, respectively. The mean lateral migration vector of the seif dunes was approximately 0.11 m/a towards the west (-0.11 m/a), while the mean amplitude of lateral migration was 0.53 m/a, ignoring the direction of lateral migration. We found that the seif dune field formed first beside seasonal rivers, which can provide sediment, and then expanded downwind. 相似文献
18.
南疆铁路风沙流结构特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对南疆铁路戈壁风沙流进行现场观测研究,提出了关于风沙流密度的计算方法,将大风所携沙粒定量化,解决了风沙运动研究中如何利用现场定时观测研究风沙流动态变化的技术难题.根据现场实测资料分析,揭示了南疆铁路风沙流密度随高度和风速的变化关系.从中可以看出,风沙流密度随高度变化显现斜"L"形,以3m高为分界点;而相对的风沙流密... 相似文献