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1.
Four groups (each of 8 laying hens plus one cock) were offered commercial laying mash contaminated with 100 ppb of aflatoxins, citrinin, patulin or uncontaminated (control) for 6 weeks. The mycotoxin-contaminated diets led to some significant changes in egg characteristics and composition such as ash and calcium contents of the egg shell. The noticeable changes including also the relative weights of adrenal glands. Blood profile reflected too alterations (P greater than 0.05) in urea content and activity of both glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase as well. The mycotoxins affected significantly moisture and fat contents of the red muscle and protein content, texture and percentage of lean meat in both types of muscles (red and white). Patulin toxicosis was responsible for the strongest alterations in moisture, fat and vitamin A contents of the laying hen's liver and for the lowest calcium content of egg shell besides the shape alteration of the eggs. Laying hens fed on aflatoxin-contaminated diet produced hatched chicks with higher weight (P less than or equal to 0.05) than those from the controls. Citrinin residues were 10 ppb in the fresh muscles and egg yolk and 6 ppb in egg white.  相似文献   

2.
The effects of energy and protein intakes by 32 primiparous sows during a 28-d lactation on sow and litter performance and sow body composition and bone properties were examined. Dietary treatments were energy intakes of 8 (LE) and 16 (HE) Mcal of ME/d and protein intakes of 380 (LP) and 760 (HP) g of CP/d in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Sows fed diets that were inadequate in either energy or protein lost more weight than did sows fed the HE-HP diet, but backfat losses were greater when energy intake was deficient than when protein was deficient. Carcass measurements were influenced in a similar manner, with energy intake affecting (P less than .001) backfat thickness and protein intake affecting (P less than .05) longissimus muscle area. Heart, kidneys and liver of sows fed LP diets weighed less (P less than .01) and contained less water and protein (P less than .05) than those of sows fed HP. Sows fed LE had heart, liver and viscera that weighed less (P less than .05) than those of sows fed HE. There was less fat (P less than .05) in the heart, lung, liver and viscera of sows fed LE than in those of sows fed HE. Carcass components of the supraspinatus muscle and standardized sections through the longissimus muscle and right shoulder weighed less (P less than .05) from sows fed LP rather than HP, and these components contained less water and protein. Sows fed the LE diets had less fat in the loin soft tissue section, right shoulder section and supraspinatus muscle than sows fed HE. Bone composition and strength were not influenced by dietary treatment. The composition of weight lost during lactation was diet-dependent. Sows fed diets that were deficient in protein but adequate in energy lost large amounts of protein from muscles and internal organs. Energy deficiency resulted primarily in fat loss.  相似文献   

3.
Progression of aflatoxicosis in growing barrows   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
The progression of aflatoxicosis was evaluated in growing crossbred barrows given 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 mg of aflatoxin (AF)/kg of feed for 28 days (6 to 10 weeks of age). On day 28, pigs were euthanatized and necropsied, and tissues were removed for histologic examination. Body weight gains were decreased in barrows fed 2 mg of AF/kg after 7 days and in barrows fed 1 mg of AF/Kg after 14 days. By 28 days, all barrows fed AF had decreased body weights and weight gains. Compared with decreased in all barrows fed AF. Neither liver weights nor bone ash values were altered, although liver lipid values were increased in barrows fed AF. Serum aspartate transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities were increased in barrows fed AF, whereas creatine kinase activity was decreased. Aflatoxin diets resulted in decreases in serum concentrations of urea nitrogen, phosphorus, cholesterol, albumin, and total protein. Histologic alterations in liver included interlobular fibrosis, periportal lipidosis, bile duct hyperplasia, and periportal lymphocytic infiltration. Lymphocytes in the thymus were depleted, and numbers of granulocytic cells in the bone marrow were reduced. The frequency and severity of lesions increased with increased doses of AF.  相似文献   

4.
本研究旨在评估母羊妊娠后期限饲对其肝脏功能及抗氧化性能的影响。试验选择平均体重为(52.82±2.72)kg的妊娠后期母羊(2~3胎次)36只,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复2头羊。各组分别饲喂对照组日粮(代谢能:0.68 MJ/kg代谢体重/d)、处理1组日粮(代谢能:0.17 MJ/kg代谢体重/d)、处理2组日粮(代谢能:0.34 MJ/kg代谢体重/d),试验从妊娠90 d持续至140 d。结果:处理1组母羊肝脏脂肪含量较对照组和处理2组显著提高了288.03%和282.48%(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,处理1组肝脏水分、灰分和蛋白质占比显著降低19.28%、44.32%和45.83%(P<0.05),但处理1组肝脏脂肪占比较对照组显著提高210.19%(P<0.05)。处理1组和处理2组血清非酯化脂肪酸含量较对照组分别提高199.94%和185.51%(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,处理1组血清β-羟丁酸和肝脏甘油三酯含量显著提高392.45%和329.55%(P<0.05)。处理1组肝脏超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和总抗氧化力活性较对照组显著提高103.32%、83.36%和75.85%(P<0.05),同时处理1组丙二醛含量较对照组和处理2组显著提高54.52%和67.31%(P<0.05)。结论:妊娠后期限制母羊采食量会导致肝脏重量和蛋白质含量下降,同时引起肝脏脂肪的积累,肝脏抗氧化功能失衡。  相似文献   

5.
This work was designed to study effects of HgSO4 on rabbits performance when added in the mash diet for 7 weeks with concentrations of 0, 150, and 300 ppm as Hg (6 animals/group). The Hg application caused mortality associated with diarrhoea, haemorrhage, oedema and liver and stomach necrosis. The contaminated diets caused significantly increased feed intake, drinking water consumption and live body gain. Mercury did not affect organ percentages significantly (P greater than or equal to 0.05). Serum analyses reflected a significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) rise in the glucose content (for the animals fed the 300 ppm Hg-diet) with a slight decrease in Ca level and activity of both transaminases GPT and GOT. The most affected organ by the application of Hg was the liver which reflected a slight increase in its dry matter substance, significant increase (P less than or equal to 0.01) in the ether extract percentage on the 300 ppm Hg-diet and severe reduction (P less than or equal to 0.01) in its vitamin A as well as in the iron content (P less than or equal to 0.05) on the 300 ppm Hg-diet. The highest level of Hg added caused an increase (P less than or equal to 0.01) in bone magnesium.  相似文献   

6.
In pigs fed a standard pig mash the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of both the n-6 and n-3 series were significantly higher in the dark red mm adductores compared to the light coloured m longissimus lumborum. Perirenal fat had a higher concentration of saturated fatty acids (14:0,16:0, 18:0) than backfat, and a lower concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids, such as 16:ln-7 and 18:ln-9. Daily supplementation of 50 ml cod liver oil, rich in n-3 PUFAs, during the fourth and third week before slaughter led to a 1.4 to 1.7 times increase in the contents of n-3 PUFAs in muscles and fat depots. There was no difference between the incorporation of n-3 PUFAs in dark and light muscles. Perirenal fat contained more 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA), but less 20:ln-9 (eicosenoic acid) than the backfat, after cod liver oil supplementation rich in these 3 fatty acids. Supplementation of cod liver oil reduced the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio in all anatomical locations examined.  相似文献   

7.
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of low doses of Aspergillus niger (AN) phytase for growing and finishing pigs fed corn-soybean meal (SBM) diets with narrow Ca:P ratios that were about 0.9 g/kg deficient in available P and Ca. Experiment 1 utilized 120 pigs with an early finisher period from 51.5 +/- 0.2 to 89.7 +/- 0.9 kg of BW and a late finisher period that ended at 122.5 +/- 2.0 kg of BW. During each period, treatments were the low-P diets with 0, 150, 300, or 450 units (U) of AN phytase added/kg of diet, and a positive control (PC) diet. There were linear increases (P < or = 0.001) in bone strength and ash weight, the absorption of P (g/d and %) and Ca (%), and overall ADG (P = 0.01) with increasing concentration of AN phytase. Pigs fed the diets with 150, 300, or 450 U of AN phytase/kg did not differ from pigs fed the PC diet in growth performance overall, and pigs fed the diets with 300 or 450 U of AN phytase did not differ in P and Ca absorption (g/d) or bone ash weight from pigs fed the PC diet. However, only pigs fed the diet with 450 U of AN phytase/kg had bone strength similar to that of pigs fed the PC diet. Experiment 2 utilized 120 pigs in a grower phase from 25.3 +/- 0.1 to 57.8 +/- 0.8 kg of BW and a finisher phase that ended at 107.6 +/- 1.0 kg of BW. Treatments were the low-P diet with AN phytase added at 300, 500, or 700 U/kg of grower diet, and 150, 250, or 350 U/kg of finisher diet, respectively, resulting in treatments AN300/150, AN500/250, and AN700/350. Growth performance and the absorption (g/d) of P and Ca for the grower and finisher phases were not different for pigs fed the diets containing AN phytase and pigs fed the PC diets. However, pigs fed the PC diets excreted more fecal P (g/d, P < or = 0.01) during the grower and more P and Ca (g/d, P < 0.001) during the finisher phases than the pigs fed the diets with phytase. There were linear increases (P < or = 0.05) in bone strength and bone ash weight with increasing concentration of AN phytase. However, pigs fed the PC diets had a greater bone strength and bone ash weight than pigs fed diets AN300/150, AN500/250 (P < or = 0.02), or AN700/350 (P < or = 0.08). There were no treatment responses for N or DM digestibility in either experiment. Phytase supplementation reduced fecal P excretion from 16 to 38% and fecal Ca excretion from 21 to 42% in these experiments. In conclusion, 450 U of AN phytase/kg was effective in replacing 0.9 g of the inorganic P/kg of corn-SBM diet for finishing swine based on bone strength, whereas 300 or 150 U of AN phytase/kg of diet maintained growth performance of grower or finisher pigs, respectively.  相似文献   

8.
1. Laying performance, egg quality, fertility and hatchability, and fat deposition in liver and abdomen were recorded in broiler breeders (29 to 48 weeks of age) fed on diets containing perarl millet (Pennisetum typhoides) (PM), broken rice (BR) or yellow maize (YM) (600 g/kg diet). Constant ratios of metabolisable energy (ME) to other nutrients were maintained in all the diets. Food grade choline chloride (50%) was added to the diets at 3 concentrations (0, 760 and 1,520 mg/kg). Each diet was offered to 3 replicate groups of 15 birds (12 hens and 3 cockerels), maintained in deep litter pens, to provide 1.46 MJ ME/bird/d. 2. Neither the source of energy nor dietary choline content had any influence on hen-d egg production, fertility or hatchability. Food efficiency and egg weight were significantly reduced in BR-fed groups compared to those fed on the other energy sources. 3. The efficiency of energy and protein utilisation increased and liver fat content was decreased significantly by dietary choline supplementation. 4. Haugh unit score, egg shell weight, liver weight and intestinal weight were not influenced by either supplementary choline or the source of energy. However, the yolk colour index was significantly reduced in PM- or BR-fed groups compared to those fed on the maize-based diet. 5. Deposition of abdominal fat was significantly greater in BR-fed birds compared to those fed on the YM-based diet, while liver fat content was significantly greater in the birds fed on the PM-or BR-based diets than those based on YM. Although supplementation of the diet with choline had no influence on abdominal fat deposition, liver fat content was significantly reduced in birds given diet containing 760 mg supplemental choline/kg diet. 6. The present study indicates that PM or BR can be used as principal energy sources in place of YM in broiler breeder diets without affecting egg production, fertility or hatchability. Liver fat content can be reduced by adding choline at 760 mg/kg to diets based on different energy sources.  相似文献   

9.
This study was conducted to validate the 9-11th rib cut to estimate the chemical composition of the carcass and of the empty body weight (EBW) of Zebu cattle. Nineteen Zebu steers with initial body weight of 266.5±32.2 kg were used. Four steers were slaughtered at the beginning to compose the reference group; three were fed at maintenance level, and the remaining were allotted to different planes of nutrition (5.0%, 35.0% and 65.0% concentrate levels in the diets, DM basis). The 9-11th rib cuts and half of the carcasses were dissected and the weights of fat, muscle and bone tissue were recorded. The components fat, muscle and bone tissue from the 9-11th rib cut and from the half carcass were sampled and chemical analysis of fat, protein, water, ash and minerals determined. The 9-11th rib cut satisfactorily estimated the physical composition of the carcass, but not the chemical composition. The 9-11th rib cut appropriately estimated the chemical composition of the carcass in terms of protein, water, ash and macro mineral content. For the percentage of fat and Ca, an over- and underestimation of 7.84% and 13.34%, respectively, were detected. Regression equations were fitted to estimate the percentage of fat and Ca in the carcass, and that of protein, water and ash in the whole empty body.  相似文献   

10.
The influence of fish oil (highly unsaturated) and beef tallow (highly saturated) with vitamin E (100 IU/kg) supplementation on the antioxidant status of broiler chicken cockerels was investigated. Chicks were fed a control diet with no added fat, 40 g/kg each of fish oil and beef tallow diets, respectively, from 11 to 42 days of age. Tocopherol concentration and the rate of lipid peroxidation, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in liver, fatty acid composition of the liver lipids, blood serum total antioxidant status (TAS), and reduced glutathione (GSH) content were determined. Vitamin E supplementation of the diet increased liver alpha-tocopherol content in chicks regardless of the type of dietary fat. Fish oil diet resulted in higher liver TBARS value while beef tallow diet showed lower values compared to the control diet. Vitamin E supplementation reduced liver TBARS as well as serum GSH, and raised serum TAS for all diets. Serum GSH was the same for vitamin E supplemented diets regardless of the fat supplement. Fish oil diets resulted in a significant increase in hepatic lipid n-3 PUFA content. A significant positive correlation was found between liver TBARS and n-3 PUFA content. No relationships were established, however, between liver TBARS and n-6 PUFA or saturated fatty acids. The results suggest that feeding oils rich in n-3 PUFA increases tissue concentration of these fatty acids, consequently increasing tissue lipid peroxidation and reducing the antioxidative status of broiler chickens. Supplementing high levels of vitamin E with such oils may increase tissue oxidative stability. Serum TAS or GSH may be used as a measure of antioxidative status in chickens.  相似文献   

11.
The aim was to investigate the effects of yeast selenium (YS) supplementation on the growth performance, meat quality, immunity, and antioxidant variables of geese. A total of 96 one-day-old geese with similar body weight were randomly divided into four groups, with three replicates per group and eight geese in each replicate. The birds were fed basal diets supplemented with 0, 0.10, 0.30, 0.50 mg/kg YS (on selenium basis) during the 63-day experiment. Yeast selenium supplementation showed no effect on the growth performance of geese, but significantly improved the meat quality. No changes in ash or fat content were observed in breast muscle, but significant (p < 0.05) protein content increase was detected in the 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg groups. Yeast selenium supplementation significantly (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) promoted Se deposition in liver, kidney, pancreas, and muscle and the highest increases were all detected in the 0.5 mg/kg group. Yeast selenium supplementation enhanced the organ and cellular immunity of geese, but did not alter the humoral immunity. Furthermore, dietary YS significantly (p < 0.05) promoted the antioxidant capacity of both muscle and liver, but the effects varied with YS levels and organs. Hence, dietary YS supplementation was a good measure to improve the meat quality, Se content, immunity function, and antioxidant capacity of goose.  相似文献   

12.
For studying the effects of naturally moulded diet on mature female-rabbits, Buskat rabbits were fed for 6 weeks on a naturally moulded diet comparing with the other similar group of animals which was fed also on the same ingredients in the first diet, except that, they were sound (not moulded apparently). The results which were obtained from this study due to the feeding on the moulded diet were as follows: 1. Decreasing the feed intake significantly (P less than 5%) and increasing somewhat the water consumption, but the water/feed ratio increased significantly (P less than 5%). 2. Reduction of the digestibility of most nutrients, especially of the crude fibre (P less than 1%) and crude protein (P less than or equal to 5%). 3. Changing in the relative weights of different organs particularly the significant (P less than 5%) decrease in weight of the liver and spleen as well as the significant (P less than 5%) increase in weight of empty stomach and female genital tract. 4. The most important haematological changes were the reduction in cholesterol content and the elevation of phospholipid concentration, thus the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio decreased by the rate of 40.7%. Calcium/phosphorus ratio increased by the rate of 9.5% as a result of increasing calcium content in the control serum. 5. Chemical analyses revealed a significant (P less than 1%) reduction in ash content of the liver and magnesium content of the tibia bone, a slight decrease in liver content of iron and ether extract, and significant (P less than 5%) rise in femoral muscle content of the ether extract.  相似文献   

13.
The present study was conducted to determine the effects of different dietary protein levels and recombinant porcine somatotropin (rpST) administration on deposition rates of protein, fat, water, ash, and collagen in pigs. Ten groups of six barrows (30 kg BW) were restrictively fed (80% of ad libitum) one of five diets containing 11, 15, 19, 23, or 27% CP. Diets were isoenergetic and all contained equivalent amounts of lysine. Thirty barrows were treated daily with rpST (100 micrograms/kg) by i.m. injection; remaining pigs were treated with diluent for 42 d. At all levels of dietary protein intake, carcass and empty body accretion rates of protein, water, and ash were greater in rpST-treated pigs than in respective controls. The magnitude of change elicited by rpST was lowest in pigs consuming 11% CP. Administration of rpST resulted in a 34% decrease in the accretion rate of fat; increasing protein intake resulted in a linear decrease in fat accretion in control and rpST-treated pigs. Accretion rates of protein, water, ash, and fat were increased in viscera of rpST-treated pigs compared with respective controls; rates of visceral protein and water accretion were increased as dietary protein was increased, whereas deposition of fat was decreased in control and rpST-treated pigs. Administration of rpST resulted in an overall 66% increase in the utilization efficiency of dietary protein for empty body protein deposition. Protein intake had minimal effect on the concentration of collagen in the carcass; however, rpST treatment increased concentrations of total and soluble collagen by 30 and 33%, respectively. Recombinant pST had little influence on collagen crosslinking or maturation. Deposition rate of carcass collagen was increased 63% in rpST-treated pigs compared with respective controls.  相似文献   

14.
1. The experiments were conducted to evaluate astaxanthin (Ax) uptake in several tissues and plasma lipoproteins of male broiler chickens fed on Phaffia rhodozyma containing a high concentration of Ax. 2. Male broiler chicks (5 weeks of age) fasted for 16h were given 0 or 45 mg Ax as Phaffia rhodozyma through the crop and blood was collected over the following 24 h. Ax appeared in the plasma at 2 h after administration into the crop. Most (more than 70%) of the Ax was contained in the high density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction in the plasma irrespective of blood sampling times and administration procedure of Ax. 3. Male broiler chicks (2 weeks of age) were fed on a diet containing 0, 50 or 100 mg/kg of yeast Ax for 2 weeks. Of the tissues examined, Ax concentration in the small intestine was highest, followed by subcutaneous fat, abdominal fat, spleen, liver, heart, kidney and skin. The lowest concentration was in the muscles. Ax concentration in the small intestine, subcutaneous fat, abdominal fat, liver and skin rose as dietary content increased, but this was not the case for the spleen, heart, kidney and muscles except for M. pecloralis superficialis. 4. Over 50% of Ax deposited in liver tissues was detected in the microsomal fraction and 15% was in the mitochondrial fraction. In muscles, both fractions of mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum contained Ax.  相似文献   

15.
李侠  范承祥 《中国饲料》2021,1(8):17-20
文章旨在评估海藻在肉牛上的应用,研究其对肉牛生长性能、血清生化和肉品质的影响。试验选择平均初始体重为（600.09±1.73）kg的荷斯坦肉牛16头,随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复2头。对照组饲喂以玉米和青贮玉米为主的日粮,处理组饲喂与对照组营养水平相近的日粮,但日粮中添加15?g/kg海藻粉。试验共进行20周。结果：在20周饲养试验中,日粮添加海藻对肉牛末重和平均日采食量无显著影响（P＞0.05）,但与对照组相比,海藻组肉牛的平均日增重显著提高3.18%（P＜0.05）,同时料重比显著降低4.25%（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比,海藻组血清IgG浓度显著提高27.15%（P＜0.05）,而丙二醛（MDA）含量显著降低51.03%（P＜0.05）。对照组与处理组对肉牛胴体重、屠宰率及背最长肌水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量的影响无显著差异（P＞0.05）。对照组背最长肌粗灰分和胆固醇含量较海藻组分别显著提高10.84%和28.30%（P＜0.05）。结论：在本研究条件下,育肥期肉牛日粮中添加15?g/kg海藻可以改善日增重、料重比及血清抗氧化功能,同时降低了肌肉粗灰分和胆固醇含量。 [关键词]海藻;肉牛;生长性能;肉品质  相似文献   

16.
通过采集海北8头牦牛和8头黄牛脏器(心、肝、肺、肾),经过仪器测定,表明海北牦牛肝脏中含蛋白质19.82 g/100g,比普通黄牛高0.99 g/100g;肝脏和心脏中脂肪含量分别为2.02 g/100g和1.88 g/100g,比普通黄牛低0.74 g/100g和1.17 g/100g;灰分二者差异均不显著,但含量均较丰富;海北牦牛肝脏中含糖元4.82 g/100g,比普通黄牛高1.14 g/100g。  相似文献   

17.
1. The effects of drying cassava root at different rates on its composition and toxicity to broiler chicks were examined. Unpeeled roots from a high-cyanide cultivar of cassava were chipped and dried at 25 degrees C to a moisture content of below 100 g/kg over 24 h for fast-dried meal (FD) or 72 h for slow-dried meal (SD). The meals were incorporated at 250 and 500 g/kg into semi-synthetic diets which were fed to day-old broiler chicks as mash or pellets in separate experiments. 2. The two drying rates produced meals with similar concentrations of polyphenols, but different concentrations of cyanogens, the latter being 38 and 482 mg total cyanide/kg for SD and FD, respectively. The linamarin, acetonecyanohydrin or total cyanide content measurements of pelleted diets were highly correlated. 3. Growth rates of chicks fed on SD-based diets were significantly higher than those of chicks fed on FD-based diets. Compared with a control diet, weight gain of chicks fed on the 500 g FD/kg diet (containing 258 mg total cyanide/kg) was 77% lower, although performance also appeared to be reduced at 142 mg total cyanide/kg. 4. The ratio of water:food intake of chicks was higher in FD than in SD groups, and this was reflected in the high water content of excreta. There was increased bile excretion, the chloretic effect increasing with the cyanogen content of diet. Pancreas weights were lower in FD than in SD groups in experiment 1 (mash diets), but not in experiment 2 (pelleted diets), while there was a significant interaction between drying method and cassava inclusion rate on liver weight in experiment 2, but not in experiment 1. There were no effects on the mortality rate. 5. Pelleting of diets generated high temperatures, but did not significantly alter the cyanogen concentration or the growth of the chicks. 6. Thus, slower rates of drying cassava roots produce meals with lower cyanogen concentration that are, consequently, less toxic to broiler chicks. Cassava root meal of less than 40 mg total cyanide/kg can be fed to broiler chicks at 500 g/kg without any adverse effects.  相似文献   

18.
饲料锌水平对肉用仔鸡肝脏中含锌酶活性的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
选择１０日ＡＡ肉用仔鸡３００只，随机分成６组，每组５０只。第一组为对照组，饲以含锌３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的玉米～豆饼基础日粮，其它五组依次含锌６０、１１０１６０、２１０和２６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ。至５０日龄时，测肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）、谷丙转氨酶（ＧＰＴ）、碱性磷酸酶（ＡＫＰ）的活性和肝组织中的含锌量。结果表明，在试验条件下，ＳＯＤ活性随饲料锌水平的提高基本不变，ＬＤＨ、ＡＫＰ、ＧＰＴ活性及锌含量随饲料锌水平的提高而提高。  相似文献   

19.
1. The Guinea Savanna in the tropics is characterised by high diurnal temperatures, often beyond the thermo-neutral zone of modern poultry, which imposes heat stress on them. 2. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of partially (12 h wet mash in the day and 12 h dry mash in the night) or wholly (24 h) feeding wet mash on the growth performance of broiler chickens. 3. Three treatments: dry mash (control), wet mash (day) + dry mash (night) and wet mash (day + night) were tested. At 28 d of age, a total of 120 broiler chickens (Hybro, Netherlands) were randomly divided, using a completely randomised design, into 12 groups of 10 birds, each with mean live weight of approximately 800 g/bird. A maize-soybean based grower mash (200 g CP/kg and 12·5 MJ/kg ME) was fed. The wet mash was prepared daily by addition of 1·3 parts of water to 1 part of dry mash and fed from 28 to 56 d of age. The birds were housed in raised-floor pens. Feed and water were given ad libitum and light provided 24 h. Mean daily room temperature was 28-29°C in the morning and 35-41°C in the afternoon. 4. Mean feed intake of birds fed the wet mash (174 g/day) or wet + dry mash (166 g/day) was higher than that of birds fed the dry mash (152 g/day). Mean live weight gain of birds fed the wet mash (64 g/day) or wet + dry mash (64 g/day) was higher than that of birds fed the dry mash (58 g/day). There were no differences in gain/feed ratios (0·38-0·39) of any of the treatments, neither were there any differences between the feeding of wet mash partly or wholly for all variables. 5. It was concluded that wet feeding, particularly during day-time, had the potential to improve growth performance of broiler chickens in a hot climate.  相似文献   

20.
Baladi rabbits were fed on five-similar-experimental diets, except the replacement for starch in the 1st diet, cattle tallow in the 2nd, cotton seed oil in the 3rd, and hydrogenated palm oil in the 4th instead of 2% more wheat bran in the 5th (control) diet. All other husbandry conditions were the same for all groups of animals during the experimental period of 7 weeks. The cattle tallow in the second diet caused significant increase of feed intake, growth rate, relative weights of kidneys, lungs and heart and calcium of the tibia bone. This diet had tendency to diminish significantly blood contents of total nitrogen and cholesterol as well as vitamin A in the liver and tibia contents of silica, phosphorus and magnesium. Diet number 3 included cottonseed oil lowered blood contents of glucose, phosphorus, cholesterol and enzyme activity of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase in the serum and specific gravity of tibia bone. On the other hand, it elevated significantly (P less than or equal to 0.01) stored vitamin A in the liver than on all other experimental diets. Feeding rabbits on diet including hydrogenated palm oil subsided liver contents of dry matter, ash and vitamin A and raised ether extract of the liver significantly. It reduced also dry matter content of the femoral muscle. Substitution for starch (instead of 2% of the diet fats or bran) increased blood content of haemoglobin and haematocrit (insignificant) but values of glucose and phosphorus as well as liver content of dry matter, content of femoral muscle of dry matter and ether extract and content of tibia bone of silica and phosphorus were significantly higher than the other experimental diets. It decreased relative weights of different organs (significantly) and liver contents of ether extract and vitamin A (insignificantly) than on control diet. It could be said that the addition of cattle tallow and cottonseed oil would be recommended to be included in rabbit diets after more studies to determine the effects of the different animal-vegetable mixtures of fats, the best ratio between the two sources of fats, the interrelationships between that mixtures and the energy of the diet, the dietary protein level, the rabbit breed and their weights and aim of the production under the seasonal variation of the weather.  相似文献   

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