共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
本研究旨在探明随吸血时间的延长,草原革蜱和森林革蜱中肠菌群结构的特征及变化。从内蒙古呼伦贝尔和宁夏固原绵羊体表分别采集半饱血、饱血草原革蜱和半饱血、饱血森林革蜱,无菌条件下收集蜱中肠内容物,提取细菌总DNA,扩增细菌16S rDNA V3-V4区,IonS5TMXL高通量测序,对比分析各样本菌群结构的特征。结果显示,森林革蜱半饱血中肠内的细菌多样性最高,草原革蜱饱血和半饱血中肠内的细菌多样性次之,森林革蜱饱血中肠内的细菌多样性最低;变形菌门为4个样品的优势菌门;无形体属、立克次体属、寡养单胞菌属和柯克斯体属为4个样品的优势菌属,其中无形体属在草原革蜱和森林革蜱饱血中肠内的含量高于2种蜱半饱血中肠,立克次体属和柯克斯体属在2种蜱半饱血中肠内的含量明显大于饱血中肠;边缘无形体、弯曲假单胞菌和柯克斯体科RFE02菌为4个样品的优势菌种,其中边缘无形体的分布特点与无形体属在2种蜱中肠内的分布特点相一致。结果表明,草原革蜱和森林革蜱中肠菌群结构易受到吸血行为的影响,共有菌属和菌种在不同蜱种和不同饱血状态下的相对丰度变化较大。 相似文献
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《畜牧兽医学报》2020,(1)
本研究旨在探明随吸血时间的延长,草原革蜱和森林革蜱中肠菌群结构的特征及变化。从内蒙古呼伦贝尔和宁夏固原绵羊体表分别采集半饱血、饱血草原革蜱和半饱血、饱血森林革蜱,无菌条件下收集蜱中肠内容物,提取细菌总DNA,扩增细菌16SrDNA V3-V4区,IonS5~(TM)XL高通量测序,对比分析各样本菌群结构的特征。结果显示,森林革蜱半饱血中肠内的细菌多样性最高,草原革蜱饱血和半饱血中肠内的细菌多样性次之,森林革蜱饱血中肠内的细菌多样性最低;变形菌门为4个样品的优势菌门;无形体属、立克次体属、寡养单胞菌属和柯克斯体属为4个样品的优势菌属,其中无形体属在草原革蜱和森林革蜱饱血中肠内的含量高于2种蜱半饱血中肠,立克次体属和柯克斯体属在2种蜱半饱血中肠内的含量明显大于饱血中肠;边缘无形体、弯曲假单胞菌和柯克斯体科RFE02菌为4个样品的优势菌种,其中边缘无形体的分布特点与无形体属在2种蜱中肠内的分布特点相一致。结果表明,草原革蜱和森林革蜱中肠菌群结构易受到吸血行为的影响,共有菌属和菌种在不同蜱种和不同饱血状态下的相对丰度变化较大。 相似文献
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本研究从镰形扇头蜱半饱血雌蜱唾液腺cDNA文库的EST序列中筛选了一个含polyA尾的基因序列,经5′-RACE方法得到该基因全长序列。cDNA全长1 566 bp,编码区为23 bp～1 456 bp,编码478个氨基酸残基,该蛋白的预测分子量约为55 Ku,等电点为8.87。RT-PCR分析表明,该基因在镰形扇头蜱未吸血成蜱、半饱血成蜱以及唾液腺、肠中表达。 相似文献
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为了进行抗蜱和蜱传病疫苗的研究,本实验对亚洲璃眼蜱雌蜱吸血前后唾液腺消减文库中获取的一个全长编码基因P18进行了研究。该基因全长519bp,共编码170个氨基酸,分子量为18.36Ku,等电点为4.28。BLAST分析表明,该基因预测的氨基酸与肩突硬蜱、篦子硬蜱唾液腺的抗凝血小肽有30%～40%低度同源性。将该基因亚克隆到pET-32a( )表达载体,转化BL21(DE3)宿主菌,经IPTG诱导,重组融合蛋白以可溶性形式高效表达。将可溶性重组蛋白免疫小鼠后获得的抗血清。经免疫印迹分析表明,该重组蛋白抗体可特异性的识别半饱雌蜱唾液腺中的天然蛋白抗原,而未吸血雌蜱唾液腺中则不显现特异条带。RT-PCR结果进一步证实,该基因在蜱吸血后的唾液腺中差异表达。 相似文献
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为了进一步研究蜱吸血时唾液腺的基因表达调控机制,并为蜱疫苗的制备筛选功能性抗原,本试验对从亚洲璃眼蜱雌蜱吸血前后唾液腺消减文库中筛选出的一个具有Poly（A）尾的EST序列P27进行了研究。首先运用RACE技术扩增出该基因的5′端,在此基础上设计引物,扩增出该基因全长,此基因全长827bp,其开放阅读框从第35个碱基始至第706个碱基止,预测分子量为27．28ku,等电点4．22。生物信息学结构分析表明该基因含有跨膜区及多个活性位点,可能与细胞内DNA的转录相关;该基因与现有其他基因同源性很小,为一新基因;RT-PCR结果显示该基因在半饱血雌蜱的唾液腺、蜱壳、中肠均有表达,但在壳中表达丰度稍低。本研究克隆的P27基因序列已登录GenBank,序列号为EU180067。 相似文献
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在不同饲喂方式和温度条件下,观察我国北方长角血蜱(Haemaphysalis longicornis)甘肃株的生活史及对其生物学特性的影响。将试验蜱分组后置于不同饲喂方式和温度下,待其发育到下一阶段,叮咬实验动物,连续调查其发育阶段的生物学特性。研究发现,完成一个世代需101 d～148 d。成年饥饿雌蜱吸血期具有两个显著特征:缓慢吸血和快速吸血;经兔体叮咬的成年雌蜱其饱血体重小于羊体。不同饲喂条件下长角血蜱饱血体重、产卵量差异极显著(P0.01);在一定温度范围内,幼蜱、若蜱的蜕变时间随温度的升高而缩短;当饱血雌蜱处于发育阶段时,产卵前期、产卵期及卵的孵化期均随着温度的升高而缩短;16℃～30℃条件下长角血蜱产卵量没有变化,利于蜱的存活;4℃以下和45℃以上饱血蜱及其后代不能存活;16℃以下蜱的发育周期延长。结果表明,长角血蜱为三宿主蜱;雄蜱可以帮助雌蜱吸血;在羊体上的吸血能力优于在兔体上的吸血能力;温度对长角血蜱的发育繁殖有影响。 相似文献
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目的分离、克隆镰形扇头蜱一新基因。方法本实验从镰形扇头蜱半饱血雌蜱唾液腺cDNA文库的100个EST（Expressed Sequence Tag）序列中选取一个带有polyA尾的序列，经5’RACE（Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends）得到此序列的全长基因，命名为RhHp2，基因全长1002bp，开放阅读框（ORF）从31bp至879bp，共848bp，编码282个氨基酸。经序列比较，RhHp2基因与其它序列在核苷酸水平上基本无同源性，但在氨基酸水平上与其它物种同源性最高可达50．81％。RhHp2基因连接于PET32a（＋）载体后克隆于表达菌B121，1mM IPTG诱导表达，产生分子量约为55kD的融合重组蛋白，并以不溶性包涵体形式存在。经纯化和体外复性的重组蛋白三次免疫新西兰兔后，将镰形扇头蜱未吸血成蜱和若蜱接种于此免疫兔耳，并对接种48h后的蜱上体数、蜱的饱血数量、饱血时间、饱血重量等进行记录。结果发现蜱的吸血行为受到一定影响，若蜱在48h的减虫率（上体数减少）为58％，在整个吸血过程中的死亡数增加，成蜱的饱血体重显著降低。结论此结果表明RhHp2基因的重组表达产物具有一定的免疫保护作用。 相似文献
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亚洲璃眼蜱免疫抑制蛋白P36的分子鉴定及重组表达 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解蜱吸血和病原传播的分子机制,本研究从亚洲璃眼蜱唾液腺中克隆获得一个编码免疫抑制蛋白P36的同源性基因,该基因全长924bp,编码区为708bp,预测的编码蛋白包含235个氨基酸,分子量为27ku。BLAST分析表明,该基因预测的氨基酸与美洲花蜱和安氏革蜱唾液腺中的免疫抑制蛋白P36高度同源。RT-PCR分析表明,该基因在未吸血成蜱中没有表达,但吸血后表达。将目的基因与载体pGEX-4T-1连接后转化BL21表达菌,经诱导后得到GST融合重组蛋白。该实验结果为进一步研究P36奠定了基础。 相似文献
9.
每隔2周用长角血蜱成蜱定量感染家兔,成功构建了具有不同抵抗力的家兔免疫模型。ELISA检测结果表明,家兔血清中的抗体效价从初次叮咬后第3周开始呈阳性,随着叮咬次数的增加抗体水平逐渐上升,第11周时达到高峰。具有一定抵抗力的家兔对长角血蜱成蜱的吸血和生长发育影响显著,其抗体水平与长角血蜱成蜱在兔体的吸血周期、死亡率成正相关,与雌蜱的饱血脱落率、饱血体重成负相关。结果进一步证明,蜱的唾液腺是其主要的免疫器官之一。家兔抗体水平的持续期足以使长角血蜱完成一个世代,可以满足试验需求,是抗蜱免疫研究理想的阳性对照模型。同时,血清中特异性抗体的效价也可以作为判断动物对长角血蜱抵抗力强弱的重要指标之一。 相似文献
10.
《畜牧兽医学报》2017,(3)
旨在探明微小牛蜱随吸血时间的延长,中肠和唾液微生物菌群结构的差异,以及优势菌属在中肠和唾液中增殖和迁移的特点。在无菌条件下采集半饱血、饱血微小牛蜱唾液和中肠内容物;提取细菌总DNA,PCR扩增其16SrDNA V3-V4区,Illumina MiSeq双端测序;对序列进行拼接和过滤、OTUs聚类、物种注释及多样性分析。结果显示,共得到134 317条序列,聚类后获得1 304个OTUs,半饱血雌成蜱唾液(SP)、饱血雌成蜱唾液(SF)、半饱血雌成蜱中肠内容物(MP)、饱血雌成蜱中肠内容物(MF)分别获得336、332、269、289个OTUs,其中152个OTUs为4个样本共有;4个样品在门水平上,以变形菌门和厚壁菌门为优势菌门,变形菌门在中肠中的含量大于唾液,而厚壁菌门反之;在属水平上,4个样本以柯克斯体属、不动杆菌属、甲基杆菌属、短波单胞菌属、立克次体属、埃希菌属为优势菌属,其中柯克斯体属、不动杆菌属在4个样本中含量均较大,柯克斯体属在半饱血状态下,含量高于饱血状态;不动杆菌属在唾液中的含量高于中肠。结果表明,微小牛蜱中肠和唾液中有复杂的微生物菌群结构;细菌在不同组织中的分布不同,其含量随吸血时间的延长而发生变化。 相似文献
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12.
Borrelia theileri: isolation from ticks (Boophilus microplus) and tick-borne transmission between splenectomized calves 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
R D Smith G S Miranpuri J H Adams E H Ahrens 《American journal of veterinary research》1985,46(6):1396-1398
The bovine spirochete, Borrelia theileri, was detected in Giemsastained blood smears from a splenectomized calf 17 days after exposure to a laboratory colony of the tropical cattle tick, Boophilus microplus. Spirochetes were detected in the hemolymph and ovary of all engorged female ticks examined, indicating a high infection rate in this tick colony. Spirochetes were detected in a 2nd splenectomized calf 15 days after exposure to the larval offspring of ticks from the 1st calf. The only observable effect of infection in the 2 calves was a maximum rectal temperature increase to 40.2 C, which coincided with the first detectable parasitemia. The tick colony did not have any adverse effects, despite extensive multiplication of spirochetes in their tissues. 相似文献
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14.
During investigations into the volatility of female pheromones of A. walkerae in a Y-shaped olfactometer, engorged conspecific male ticks responded weakly both to female-contacted filter paper discs and to intact females enclosed in nylon bags. In tests in which female-contacted filter paper discs were separated from engorged male ticks by means of a screen, no aggregation was observed. However, replete male ticks showed a vigorous response to liquefied air and hexane-trapped volatiles collected from intact females. Guanine showed a potent aggregation attraction for engorged and unfed larvae and 1st and 2nd stage nymphal ticks as well as for male and female imagines of A. walkerae over a wide concentration range. It is concluded that at least 2 pheromones, 1 volatile and 1 non-volatile, are operative in the communication system of this tick species. 相似文献
15.
To evaluate the sex ratio of field collected nymphal Amblyomma cajennense ticks, we collected 5326 engorged nymphs from naturally infested horses in Pirassununga county and allowed them to molt to adults in the laboratory. They yielded a sex ratio of 1:1.83 (M:F). Three and two engorged females were collected from horses pastured at Pirassununga county and from tapirs pastured in Sorocaba county, respectively. These females were allowed to oviposit and their progeny were reared until the adult stage in the laboratory. Engorged females collected from Pirassununga yielded a sex ratio of 1:1.57 (M:F) and a sex ratio of 1.14:1 (M:F) were obtained for those ticks collected from tapirs. In addition, unfed tick larvae were collected from Pedreira county and reared in the laboratory until the adult stage. This collection yielded a sex ratio of 1.11:1 (M:F). These results showed significantly different (P<0.05) sex ratio constitutions among different tick populations. Laboratory rabbits were infested once with A. cajennense male ticks, which showed feeding periods varying from 7 to 86 days. During this period, the rabbits were re-infested regularly with A. cajennense female ticks. A total of 179 engorged females were collected from the rabbits and their engorged weight, feeding, preovioposition and egg incubation periods, weight of deposited eggs, percent of hatched eggs and egg production efficiency were compared to the male feeding period and to the number of live males present on the host. None of the female variables were affected by the male feeding period. Male ticks remained fertile for the whole feeding period. Percent of hatched eggs was the only female variable that significantly decreased as the number of live males decreased on the host. The results showed that although some A. cajennense populations are composed of more females than males after molting, this female predominance is compensated by a long male feeding period and maintenance of its reproductive performance. 相似文献
16.
旨在克隆获得牦牛StAR基因编码序列（CDS）并进行生物信息学分析,探究其mRNA组织表达特性。本研究以屠宰场采集的成年母牦牛心、肝、脾、肺、肾、卵巢、输卵管、子宫组织（n=5）,不同年龄（胎牛、1岁、2岁）牦牛的卵巢（n=3）,不同发情周期（卵泡期、黄体期）的牦牛卵巢（n=3）,黄体期黄牛的卵巢（n=3）及实验室冻存的牦牛颗粒细胞为研究材料。以牦牛黄体期卵巢cDNA为模板,用逆转录PCR克隆StAR基因,并使用MEGA7.0和ExPASy-ProtParam等软件分析其生物信息学特性;采用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析牦牛StAR基因组织表达特性。结果发现,StAR基因CDS区长858 bp,编码285个氨基酸,StAR蛋白总体带正电荷,属于碱性亲水稳定蛋白,无跨膜结构及信号肽,主要存在于细胞质和线粒体; StAR基因具有较高的保守性,符合物种进化规律。牦牛StAR基因在卵巢表达水平最高（P<0.01）,且2岁时卵巢表达水平极显著高于胎牛和1岁龄（P<0.01）,黄体期卵巢表达水平极显著高于卵泡期（P<0.01）;黄体期黄牛卵巢中StAR基因的表达量极显著高于牦牛（P<0.01）;在颗粒细胞的体外培养过程中StAR基因表达量逐渐上升,在培养24 h时达到高峰（P<0.01）,随后显著降低。综上所述,StAR基因序列较为保守,在牦牛卵巢组织中表达最高,且表达水平随年龄与卵巢周期而变化,提示StAR基因可能参与牦牛卵巢及黄体功能相关的繁殖调控。 相似文献
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The present study evaluated the engorgement and drop-off rhythms of Anocentor nitens females feeding on horses. Drop-off rhythm was evaluated at 6h-intervals (06:00, 12:00, 18:00, and 00:00 h) on horses held in stalls or in a pasture. A new method of marking feeding female ticks (the bowknot technique) was developed to evaluate ticks on horses in pasture that attached to different parts of the horse's body. This technique was highly successful, indicating no significant interference on tick engorgement rate or final tick weight, length and reproductive capability. Horses held in the pasture during the summer produced only 28.2% of the tick detachment during the daylight period from 06:00 to 18:00 h. In contrast, 53.4% of the ticks detached during this same 12 h-period during the winter. This difference was probably related to the longer scotoperiod during the winter. Different drop-off rhythms were observed for females attached to different anatomical parts of the horse's body. For example, ticks attached to the ears, perineum, and tail showed similar drop-off patterns, but were different from ticks attached to mane, rump and other body parts. The idiosoma length of the feeding female ticks was individually measured every 6 h until the engorged female detached naturally. The engorgement rate (increase in millimeters of the body length per hour) was evaluated during the last 96 h of parasitism. The highest engorgement rates were observed during the last 24 h of parasitism (approximately 0.16 mm/h), which were four-fold higher than the engorgement rates of the previous 3 days ( approximately 0.04 mm/h), demonstrating that these lower and higher values corresponded to the slow and rapid feeding phases reported elsewhere. Based on these data, the 6 mm idiosoma length was estimated as the minimal length that would correspond to the time point (i.e. 24 h before detachment) during which ticks would undergo the rapid feeding phase and detach as fully engorged females. When this 6 mm length was tested to estimate the number of engorged females detaching from horses in a period of 24 h, the estimated accuracy varied from 58.5 to 97.7% (mean: 73.3%). 相似文献
18.
Three field trials were conducted over 12 months to assess the pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae to parasitic stages of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus on dairy heifers under different environmental conditions. Two isolates were selected based on their high optimal growth temperature (30 degrees C), good spore production characteristics and ability to quickly kill adult engorged ticks in the laboratory. Spores were formulated in an oil emulsion and applied using a motor driven spray unit. Surface temperatures of selected animals were monitored, as were the ambient temperature and relative humidity. Unengorged ticks sampled from each animal immediately after treatment were incubated in the laboratory to assess the efficacy of the formulation and application. Egg production by engorged ticks collected in the first 3 days after treatment was monitored. Side counts of standard adult female ticks were conducted daily, before and after treatment to assess the performance of the fungus against all tick stages on the animals. In each trial the formulation rapidly caused 100% mortality in unengorged ticks that were removed from cattle and cultured in the laboratory. A significant reduction in egg production was recorded for engorged ticks collected in the 3 days post-treatment. However, there was little effect of the formulation on the survival of ticks on cattle, indicating that there is an interaction between the environment of the ticks on the cattle and the biopesticide, which reduces its efficacy against ticks. 相似文献
19.
Kumar S Malhotra DV Sangwan AK Goel P Kumar A Kumar S 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,144(3-4):338-343
The infectivity rate of Babesia equi in the salivary glands of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum was assessed. The hungry nymphs were fed on a donkey experimentally infected with B. equi. The engorged dropped-off nymphs were collected at different levels of parasitaemia and kept in BOD incubator. After ecdysis, the hungry adults were prefed on rabbits for different time intervals, thereafter the salivary glands were dissected out and acini were examined after methyl green pyronin (MGP) staining. A total of 134 male and 139 female ticks were dissected out. Average infected acini per tick were found to be significantly higher (p<0.05) in male as compared to the female ticks. Further, maximum infected acini in both male and female ticks were found at 24h of prefeeding on rabbits and overall infected acini per tick increased with rise in parasitaemia. The release of infected ticks on susceptible donkeys resulted in development of clinical babesiosis. 相似文献