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1.
为探究外源6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)对低温胁迫下玉米幼苗生理响应的调节作用，以德美亚3号为试验材料，在人工气候箱中进行盆栽试验。设4个处理，分别为25℃下叶面喷施清水(CK)、25℃下叶面喷施6-BA(6-BA)、5℃下叶面喷施清水(LT)、5℃下叶面喷施6-BA(LT+6-BA)。5℃处理7 d后25℃处理3 d。结果表明，常温(25℃)条件下外源6-BA对玉米幼苗的生长具有一定的促进效果，低温(5℃)胁迫抑制玉米幼苗的生长。在低温条件下，6-BA处理能改善根系生长情况，提高叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度及最大光化学效率；同时提高抗氧化酶活性，使H2O2和MDA含量降低，缓解低温胁迫对玉米幼苗生长的抑制程度。综上所述，外源6-BA在低温胁迫条件下能通过提高玉米幼苗的光合能力和抗氧化酶活性，降低膜脂过氧化物含量而提高玉米幼苗对低温的抵抗能力。 相似文献
2.
外源ABA和BR在提高油菜幼苗耐渍性中的作用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
以甘蓝型油菜中双9号为植物材料,应用外源ABA和BR处理渍水胁迫的油菜幼苗,研究其在缓解油菜幼苗渍水伤害中的作用。结果显示,短期(0～12d)渍水处理可促进油菜生长,长期(18d)渍水处理则抑制油菜生长,尤其是BR;外源ABA(75.67µmol/L)和BR(0.21µmol/L)可有效缓解长期渍水胁迫对油菜幼苗的伤害作用,干物质积累量较单纯渍水处理增加19.52%和26.22%;外源ABA和BR处理还可延缓叶绿素含量的降低,提高叶片光合能力;提高抗氧化酶(SOD、POD和CAT)活性,降低膜脂过氧化(MDA含量降低);增加叶片可溶性糖含量。说明外源ABA和BR处理通过促进渍水胁迫下油菜幼苗光合作用,提高抗氧化酶活性,提高渗透调节物质含量来增强植株抗渍能力。 相似文献
3.
以玉米品种农大108为试验材料,当玉米幼苗2叶1心时,一部分在常温下(25℃/18℃)培养,另一部分在低温下(10℃/4℃)培养,以叶片喷施0.4 mmol/L亚精胺为处理组,喷施蒸馏水为对照组,研究亚精胺在玉米幼苗冷胁迫过程中的作用。结果表明,低温胁迫抑制了幼苗生长,加剧了叶片中超氧自由基和过氧化氢的产生,提高了膜脂过氧化水平,降低了叶绿素含量。叶片喷施亚精胺,显著缓解了冷胁迫导致的生长抑制、叶绿素含量下降、活性氧积累和膜脂过氧化,提高了幼苗可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量,使抗氧化酶活性显著提高。此外,亚精胺处理提高了冷胁迫条件下幼苗热激蛋白HSP70和HSP90的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果表明,外源亚精胺能提高玉米幼苗的抗寒性。 相似文献
4.
水杨酸对低温胁迫下大豆幼苗生长抑制的缓解效应 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以中豆-31为材料,采用水培方法,研究了不同浓度的水杨酸(SA)对4℃低温胁迫下大豆幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,低温胁迫下,大豆幼苗叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量、根系活力显著降低,可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著提高(P＜0.01);外施SA显著提高了低温胁迫下幼苗叶片的叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和Pro含量,SOD、POD活性和根系活力,显著降低了膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量(P＜0.01).由此可见,外施SA可以通过提高大豆幼苗可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、Pro含量以及SOD、POD活性来维持细胞膜的稳定性,降低膜脂过氧化伤害程度,从而缓解低温胁迫对幼苗生长的抑制,并以1.5 mmol· L-1外源SA效果最好. 相似文献
5.
探讨低温胁迫下不同品种油棕幼苗ABA合成酶基因NCED3表达特性及不同浓度ABA对其幼苗生长和生理的影响,为提高不同品种油棕幼苗抗寒能力提供理论依据。以油棕新品种Ni、C×N、B×E、D×N为材料,对其进行低温胁迫处理（15、10、5 ℃,5 d）,利用实时荧光定量PCR（qPCR）检测4种油棕幼苗的NCED3基因表达特性;然后,10 ℃低温胁迫下对4种油棕幼苗外施不同浓度ABA（50~300 μmol/L ABA）,测定其可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）及过氧化物酶（POD）活性等生理指标。结果表明,低温胁迫可触发4种油棕幼苗ABA合成酶基因NCED3的过量表达,外施50~300 μmol/L ABA均降低幼苗质膜透性和SOD酶活性,抑制MDA和H2O2含量上升,缓解低温胁迫引起的膜脂过氧化,提高可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量和POD活性,进而提高油棕幼苗抗寒性。4个品种中,B×E材料的耐寒能力较强。 相似文献
6.
油菜尤其直播油菜苗期容易遭受低温胁迫而影响其正常生长，因此提高油菜抗寒性对发展油菜生产具有重要作用。选用6-BA和PP333为材料，在网室盆栽条件下研究不同浓度的植物生长调节剂对油菜幼苗抗寒性的影响。结果表明，在一定范围内提高6-BA和PP333浓度可以提高油菜幼苗单株重，降低离体叶片电导率和游离氨基酸的渗出率。随6-BA和PP333浓度升高，叶片中SOD、CAT和POD活性及根系活力均呈单峰曲线变化，当6-BA和PP333浓度均为50 mg•L-1 时，叶片中抗氧化物保护酶活性和根系活力达到最大值。一定浓度的6-BA和PP333可提高叶片膜系统保护酶活性，降低叶片膜脂过氧化程度，改善根系活力，从而增强油菜的抗寒性，其生产较适宜的浓度均为50 mg•L-1 左右。 相似文献
7.
为探索硼对油菜（Brassica napus）幼苗铝胁迫的缓解作用,以品种中油杂28为材料,设置2个硼浓度（0.25,25 μmol/L）,5个铝浓度（0、50、100、200、400 μmol/L）,研究硼对铝胁迫下油菜幼苗生长及生理特性的影响。结果表明：铝胁迫明显抑制油菜幼苗生长,增加膜脂过氧化的产物丙二醛的含量,显著减少叶绿素的含量,进而减少了油菜的生物量。铝胁迫下,相较于低硼处理,加硼显著增加油菜根系的可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸、谷胱甘肽含量,同时降低了铝在油菜体内的积累;且促进合成叶绿素所需的镁元素的吸收,增加油菜的生物量。综上,铝胁迫显著抑制油菜的生长,提高膜脂过氧化程度,加硼不仅弥补了硼不足的问题,同时还可以通过调节抗氧化剂系统,提高蛋白质、脯氨酸含量的积累来抵御铝胁迫。 相似文献
8.
6-BA对Hg2+胁迫下小麦幼苗渗透调节物质及抗氧化特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨6-苄氨基腺嘌呤(6-BA)对Hg2+胁迫下小麦幼苗生长的调节作用,采用营养液水培法,以小麦品种807为材料,分析了叶面喷施不同浓度的6-BA对Hg2+胁迫下小麦幼苗叶片中渗透调节物质含量、抗氧化酶活性及抗氧化物质含量的影响。结果表明,50mg·L-1 HgCl2处理后,小麦幼苗叶片的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量显著降低,过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性下降,还原型抗坏血酸(AsA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量显著降低。叶面喷施一定浓度的6-BA能够提高Hg2+胁迫下小麦幼苗叶片的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,显著提高小麦幼苗叶片的POD、SOD活性和AsA、GSH含量,降低脱氢抗坏血酸(DHA)和氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)含量,提高小麦幼苗叶片的AsA/DHA和GSH/GSSG比值,从而缓解Hg2+胁迫对小麦幼苗生长的抑制作用。叶面喷施10mg·L-1 6-BA对缓解小麦幼苗Hg2+胁迫效果最好。 相似文献
9.
研究不同浓度的外源NO供体硝普钠（sodium nitroprusside, SNP）溶液对8 ℃低温胁迫下豇豆幼苗生长和生理特性的影响,结果表明,0.5~1.5 mmol/L外源NO处理下,豇豆幼苗叶面积、根冠比、壮苗指数有所提高,脯氨酸（Pro）、可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量增加,丙二醛（MDA）含量降低。过高或过低浓度的外源NO对低温胁迫下豇豆幼苗生长的缓解作用均不显著,过低浓度的外源NO会促进MDA累积。在低温胁迫下,适当浓度的外源NO能促进脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白的形成,提高叶绿素含量,降低膜脂过氧化程度,从而增强豇豆幼苗对低温胁迫的适应性。 相似文献
10.
《作物研究》2020,(4)
为了明确脱落酸对PEG(聚乙二醇)胁迫下小麦幼苗渗透调节物质和抗氧化性的影响,筛选其有效增强小麦幼苗抗旱性的最适施用浓度,选用小麦品种洛旱6号为试验材料,采用室内水培法研究了在20%PEG胁迫下小麦幼苗经不同浓度脱落酸(ABA)处理后的形态及生理指标。结果表明:PEG胁迫下,外源ABA能够提高小麦幼苗可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和氨基酸含量,增强超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,降低超氧阴离子自由基■、过氧化氢(H_2O_2)含量,减少丙二醛(MDA)积累,促进小麦幼苗地上部生长。试验表明,外施ABA可通过提高小麦幼苗渗透调节能力和抗氧化酶活性来降低活性氧产生速率,减轻膜脂过氧化程度,维持细胞膜的稳定性,缓解PEG胁迫对小麦幼苗生长的抑制作用。本试验条件下以8 mg/L ABA效果最好。 相似文献
11.
12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
14.
15.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
19.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
20.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献