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1.
A growth experiment with 108 lambs (breed German Merino Landsheep) was carried out in order to examine how gender, body weight and feeding intensity affect major element concentrations in tissues and carcass. The lambs (50% male and 50% female) were fattened at three levels of feeding intensity ('high', 'medium' and 'low' by varying daily amounts of concentrate and hay) and slaughtered at different final body weights (30, 45 or 55 kg). Six male and six female animals were killed at a final body weight of 18 kg representing the live weight at the beginning of the comparative slaughter experiment. The left half carcass of each animal was divided into muscle tissue, fat tissue and bones/sinews and analysed for the major elements calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and potassium (K). The major element concentrations of all tissues were significantly influenced by the body weight. An influence of gender could be noticed for all elements except Ca in the muscle and fat tissue. In the bone tissue, however, only the elements Na and K were influenced by gender. The feeding intensity had no significant effect on the concentration of major elements in the tissues. In lamb muscle tissue combined from all parts (body weight range 18-45 kg, both sexes) the following concentrations of major elements were analysed: 323 mg K, 185 mg P, 61.7 Na, 20.2 mg Mg and 10.6 mg Ca (per 100 g meat, wet weight basis). In conclusion, the genotype investigated shows on the whole concentrations of major elements which are close to values reported for lambs in the literature.  相似文献   

2.
In a developmental study of lambs, the following question was investigated: What is the influence of gender, bodyweight, and feeding intensity on the nutritional value of the carcass as well as the body tissues? This study was conducted with 108 lambs (50% males and 50% females) of the merino breed. The animals were fattened according to three feeding intensity levels ("high","medium", and "low") using varied feed concentrates and hay in their daily rations. They were slaughtered at body weights of 30, 45 or 55 kg. Six male and six female lambs were slaughtered at a bodyweight of 18 kg which was the initial weight of the fattening lambs. The left half of the slaughtered animal was carved according to the guidelines provided by the DLG (German Agricultural Society). For each cut, an examination of the meat(muscle), fatty tissue and bone/tendons was carried out and the percentages of these tissue components were determined for the whole joint. The samples of the tissues as well as the cuts were analysed for dry matter, crude protein, total fat level and crude ash. The carcasses of the male lambs showed higher protein content and lower fat levels. With increasing feeding intensity level and bodyweight, the differences in these nutritional components between the sexes rose. The muscle tissue (meat) of the lamb carcasses at the usual slaughter weight of 45 kg showed relatively low fat content (less than 10%). This was especially noticeable in carcasses of male lambs (less than 8%).  相似文献   

3.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the content and distribution of Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, S, Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn in the body of pasture-fed young horses and then use a factorial model to calculate the dietary mineral requirements for growth. PROCEDURE: Twenty-one foals were killed at about 150 days of age and the organs, soft tissues, skin and bones and a sample of muscle were dissected out and weighted. The mineral concentrations of elements in all soft tissues and bones were measured by inductively coupled emission spectrometry. The total mineral element composition associated with a tissue was determined from the weight of tissue and its mineral element concentration. RESULTS: Expressed as a percent of total body mineral elements, muscle contained 20% Na, 78% K, 32% Mg, 62% Cu, 36% Mn and 57% Zn, bone contained 47% Na, 99% Ca, 81% P, 62% Mg, 30% Mn and 28% Zn while the organs accounted for a smaller percentage ranging from 0.06% for Ca to 26% for Fe. In liver Cu accounted for 9.2% of total body Cu. Each kilogram of empty body weight was associated with 1.0 g Na, 2.5 g K, 17.1 g Ca, 10.1 g P, 0.4 g Mg, 1.1 mg Cu, 0.39 mg Mn, 52.5 mg Fe and 21.4 mg Zn. CONCLUSION: The mineral element content of body weight gain is a component used in the factorial model to determine dietary mineral element requirements for growth. The calculated dietary mineral requirements, expressed per kg dry matter, for a 200 kg horse gaining 1.0 kg/day were 1.0 g Na, 2.1 g K, 4.6 g Ca, 3.5 g P, 0.7 g Mg, 4.5 mg Cu and 25 mg Zn.  相似文献   

4.
Twenty fine-wool wether lambs were allotted randomly at weaning to be fed a conventional diet (CD) formulated for growing lambs, or the same basal mixture plus dried gamma-irradiated solids from primary sewage sludge (SS) incorporated as 7% of the dry matter. Feedlot performance and chemical elements in whole blood were monitored during 90 d, after which lambs were slaughtered and carcass data were collected. Concentrations of Ag, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb and Zn were measured in livers, kidneys, bones, spleens and muscles. Sewage solids in the diet did not affect performance appreciably, although dressing percentages from lambs fed SS were 4% lower than CD-fed animals (P less than .05). Rib eye areas, fat thicknesses, quality and yield grades were similar (P greater than .05). Element concentrations in whole blood at weaning, after 56 d of the feeding trial and at slaughter did not differ (P greater than .05) between dietary groups. Serum chemistry determinations showed no biologically meaningful patterns related to diets. Lambs fed SS had higher (P less than .05) concentrations of Cu in livers (51.1 vs 34.3 +/- 3.8 micrograms/g, mean +/- SE) and Pb in kidneys (4.0 vs 2.2 +/- .3 micrograms/g) and lower (P less than .05) Mg in kidneys (.69 vs .72 +/- .01 mg/g). None of the elements in spleen and muscle tissue differed (P greater than .05) between diet groups. Lambs fed SS had elevated (P less than .05) bone Co, Cu, Fe, K and Na compared with those of CD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

5.
A study was conducted to determine if supplement withdrawal (omission of dietary vitamin and trace mineral premixes and a two-thirds reduction in dietary inorganic phosphorus) for 28 d preslaughter and the feeding of wheat middlings (dietary concentrations of 5, 15, and 30% from weaning to 16, 16 to 28, and 28 kg to slaughter, respectively) affect growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fecal mineral concentrations ofthe pig, as well as the nutrient content and oxidative stability of the longissimus dorsi muscle. Crossbred pigs (n = 64) were blocked by weight and assigned to one of four dietary treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial design (with or without supplement withdrawal, and with or without wheat middlings). Supplement withdrawal and wheat middling inclusion did not influence average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake, gain/feed, or carcass traits, except for a decrease (P < 0.01) in the ADG of pigs from 28 to 65 kg when fed wheat middlings. Supplement withdrawal decreased (P < 0.01) fecal Ca, P, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations. In diets containing full vitamin and mineral supplementation, wheat middling inclusion decreased (P < 0.01) fecal Ca, Cu, Fe, and Zn concentrations and increased (P < 0.01) fecal Mn. Supplement withdrawal decreased (P < 0.05) concentrations of riboflavin, niacin, and P in the longissimus dorsi muscle, but did not affect longissimus dorsi thiamin, vitamin E, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Ca concentrations. Inclusion of wheat middlings increased (P < 0.04) longissimus dorsi thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, and vitamin E concentrations and decreased (P < 0.04) Cu concentrations. However, wheat middling inclusion did not affect (P > 0.05) longissimus dorsi Ca, P, Fe, and Zn concentrations. Dietary treatment did not affect either Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase or glutathione peroxidase activity in the longissimus dorsi. The results from this study indicate that supplement withdrawal and dietary wheat middling inclusion alter pork nutrient content and fecal mineral concentration, but not the oxidative stability of pork.  相似文献   

6.
本试验旨在研究夏季高温状态下,在减少矿物质(铜、铁、锰、锌)元素的饲粮中补充包膜半胱胺对育肥后期猪生长性能、胴体品质、组织矿物质元素沉积和粪便矿物质元素排放的影响。试验共选用360头健康、平均体重为(103.9±0.7)kg的三元(杜×长×大)杂交育肥猪,采用2×2双因素试验设计,分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复15头。因素1为饲粮矿物质元素的含量,设计为基础饲粮铜、铁、锌、锰元素含量的100%和80%2个水平;因素2为饲粮包膜半胱胺(半胱胺含量27%)含量,设计为0、1 600 mg/kg(半胱胺含量300 mg/kg)2个水平。试验期30 d。结果表明:1)饲粮减少矿物质元素或补充包膜半胱胺对育肥猪后期的生长性能和胴体品质均无显著影响(P0.05)。2)饲粮减少矿物质元素可显著降低育肥猪肝脏中铬元素的含量及肾脏中钠、钙、铅元素的含量(P0.05),显著升高血清钠元素含量(P0.05);减少矿物质元素的饲粮中补充包膜半胱胺显著或极显著降低肝脏中钾元素含量和肾脏中钠、钙、铅、铜元素含量(P0.05或P0.01),并有降低肝脏锰、锌、铬及钙元素和血清中铬和镁元素含量沉积的趋势(0.05≤P0.10),对维持机体各组织中钠元素的稳定有利。3)饲粮中减少矿物质元素或补充包膜半胱胺极显著减少粪便中铅和铜元素的排放量(P0.01);饲粮减少矿物质元素可显著降低粪便中锌元素的排放量(P0.05),极显著升高镁元素的排放量(P0.05);减少矿物质元素的饲粮中补充包膜半胱胺对粪便中铬元素的排放量有降低趋势(0.05≤P0.10)。由此可见,夏季高温期,在饲粮的铜、铁、锰、锌4种矿物质元素含量减少20%条件下补充1 600 mg/kg包膜半胱胺,能在不影响育肥猪后期生长性能和胴体品质的同时,降低血清、肝脏和肾脏中矿物质元素的沉积,减少粪便铅、铜和铬元素对环境的排放,维持机体电解质平衡。  相似文献   

7.
Carcass data from more than 4,400 Southdown x Romney ewe and wether lambs collected over a 16-yr period were analyzed for the effects of sex, rearing status, and growth rate. Ewe lambs grew more slowly than wethers and had .78 kg less carcass weight at the same age. The carcass weight advantage for wethers was nearly all caused by heavier fat-free weight. Based on fat depths, the fat on ewe lambs was distributed in more anterior and ventral parts of the carcass relative to wether lambs. Lambs reared as twins had 1.73 kg less carcass weight and correspondingly reduced carcass measurements compared with lambs reared as singles. Sex and rearing status interacted for some traits. However, in no case was a significant sex difference reversed in single- and twin-related lambs. Growth rate effects were determined by regressing average change in carcass measurements on average carcass weight gain over a 5-wk period. When carcass weight remained constant over a 5-wk period, fat weight increased by .12 kg, fat-free weight and muscle measurements decreased, and bone lengths increased. For each kilogram of increase in 5-wk carcass weight gain, the marginal increase in fat weight was .41 kg and that of fat-free weight was .59 kg. At the average 5-wk carcass weight gain of 1.4 kg, fat and fat-free gains were As carcass weight gain increased above 1.4 kg, fat-free gain exceeded fat gain.  相似文献   

8.
From a calibration trial involving computer tomography (CT) scanning and dissection of 45 lambs, a prediction equation was derived to estimate total internal fat weight in Scottish Blackface lambs from measurements taken on cross‐sectional CT images. Using data from two cross‐sectional images (at the hip and loin) internal fat can be predicted with relatively high accuracy (adjusted R2 = 62.2%, r = 0.79). The derived equation was then used to predict internal fat weights in a further 427 Scottish Blackface lambs from a separate trial. Phenotypic correlations were calculated between predicted internal fat weight and weights of total carcass fat, muscle and bone, predicted using previously derived equations. When considering absolute tissue weights, adjusted for fixed effects, internal fat showed the strongest positive correlation with carcass fat (0.58), followed by muscle (0.36), and then by bone (0.32). When tissue weights were adjusted for fixed effects and total carcass weight (so considering tissue weights relative to size), internal fat showed a lower correlation with carcass fat weight (0.36) and negative correlations with muscle (?0.35) and bone (?0.19). These results provide the basis for more complex studies of relationships (phenotypic and genetic) between internal fat in hill lambs and economically important traits, such as carcass composition and survival of lambs, and tissue levels in different depots in hill ewes.  相似文献   

9.
本研究旨在研究日粮添加水果提取物对羔羊生长和屠宰性能、组织器官抗氧化及肉品质的影响.试验将60只体重接近的羔羊随机分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复5只.在为期4周的饲养期间,对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组饲喂基础日粮+150?mg/kg水果提取物.结果:粮添加150?mg/kg水果提取物对羔羊屠宰率、热胴体重、冷胴体重、内...  相似文献   

10.
Twenty-four lambs, averaging 29 kg, were used to determine the effect of supplemental dietary Fe on performance and Cu, P, Zn and Mn utilization. Treatments consisted of supplemental Fe at 0, 300, 600 or 1,200 mg/kg diet as ferrous carbonate. The basal diet contained 154 mg Fe/kg diet and consisted of 90% Coastal bermudagrass pellets, 9.45% group corn, .5% sodium chloride and .05% vitamin mix. Lambs were slaughtered after having ad libitum access to diets for 98 to 121 d. Dietary Fe did not affect lamb gain or feed intake. Supplemental Fe increased Fe concentrations in liver (P less than .01), spleen (P less than .01) and bone (P less than .10), but not in kidney and muscle. Serum Fe concentrations and percentage transferrin saturation in serum were increased (P less than .01) by supplemental Fe at 28 and 84 d, but not at the termination of the study. Plasma Cu was decreased (P less than .01) at 56 d, whereas serum ceruloplasmin activity was reduced (P less than .01) at 28 d in lambs fed 1,200 mg Fe/kg diet compared with lambs fed 600 mg Fe/kg diet. Lower levels of Fe (300 and 600) reduced (P less than .01) ceruloplasmin by 56 d and plasma Cu by 84 d compared with controls. Liver Cu also was decreased (P less than .05) by supplemental Fe. Plasma P was decreased slightly (P less than .10) by 28 d and significantly (P less than .01) at the other sampling dates by supplemental Fe.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

11.
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of increasing levels of molasses on growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood chemistry, liver minerals and histopathology of lambs. Twenty intact male pelibuey lambs with an average weight of 22.4±2.8 kg were randomly assigned to one of the four experimental diets containing 0, 60, 120 and 180 g molasses/kg feed (as fed basis) in a completely random design. Lambs were individually confined to 1.5 m2 pens. The experiment had a 15-day adaptation period and a 60-day experimental period. As molasses content in the ration increased from 0 to 180 g/kg, S increased from 1.1 to 2.1 g/kg DM, whereas Cu concentration ranged from 17.3 to 18.4 mg/kg DM. All diets contained high concentrations of Fe (198–252 mg/kg DM) and Zn (85–104 mg/kg DM), and low Mo contents (1.4–1.5 mg/kg DM). Molasses level had no effect (P>0.05) on DM intake, average daily gain, gain:feed, slaughter weight, full or empty gastrointestinal tract weight, digesta-free weight, hot and chilled carcass weights, dressing percent, longissimus muscle area, marbling, back-fat thickness, yield grade or KPH fat. Most of the lamb carcasses of this study were graded with small to slight marbling. The clinical status of the lambs was evaluated through histological and blood chemistry tests, obtaining samples on days 0, 15, 30 and 60. Although most blood parameters were within normal ranges, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and cholesterol concentrations decreased (linear; P<0.05) as molasses increased in the diet. Concentrations of the enzymes serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and creatine phosphokinase were also reduced (linear; P<0.05). Concomitant reductions (P<0.01) in liver Zn and Mo concentrations were also noticed. Although no differences (P>0.05) were observed in liver histopathological observations between treatments, Cu-related sub-lethal hepatic damage was evident in all animals, in absence of clinical signs. Special stain showed fine grained Cu deposits within hepatocytes in three cases belonging to different treatments. It appears that lambs consuming the control diet without molasses with a low S content (0.11%) were as susceptible to a pre-hemolytic copper poisoning (Pre-HCP) as those consuming the other diets containing higher Cu concentrations.  相似文献   

12.
Fourty-eight Churra Tensina single male lambs were used to evaluate the effect of different feeding systems on carcass composition and predict the carcass tissue composition from joint composition and carcass measurements. Four treatments were studied: GR, unweaned lambs continuously grazing with ewes; GR + S, the same as the previous group, but lambs had free access to concentrate; DRL-GRE, lambs remained indoors with free access to concentrate and ewes grazed for 8 h/day, thereafter remaining with lambs; and DRL, lambs and ewes were kept in confinement, they had free access to concentrate and dry unifeed respectively. In the DRL-GRE and DRL groups lambs were weaned when 45 days old. Lambs were slaughtered at 22–24 kg live weight. Commercial joints from the half left carcass were obtained, recorded and dissected to determine carcass tissue composition.The feeding system had an effect on the proportion of the carcass tissue composition. GR treatment showed higher muscle (M) (p < 0.05) and bone (B) (p < 0.001) percentages, and a lower total fat (F) percentage (p < 0.001) than the rest of treatments. Hence it revealed higher M/F (p < 0.01) and lower M/B (p < 0.05) and subcutaneous fat/intermuscular fat ratios (SF/IF; p < 0.001). Carcass composition predictions were more accurate for grams than for percentages. In predictions from joint composition, pelvic limb was the most accurate joint for grams (R2 = 0.84, R2 = 0.68, and R2 = 0.77 for muscle, bone, and fat, respectively) as well as for percentage (R2 = 0.65, R2 = 0.56, and R2 = 0.73 for muscle, bone, and fat, respectively). Predictions from carcass measurements were greater in muscle and fat grams (R2 = 0.87 and R2 = 0.86 for muscle and fat, respectively) than in percentage (R2 = 0.58 and R2 = 0.73 for muscle and fat, respectively). Equations to predict carcass tissue that include carcass measurements are a simple method to assess accurately saleable muscle yield from different lamb feeding systems without involving carcass damage.  相似文献   

13.
22～42日龄肉鸡铜、铁、锌、锰不同用量组合的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本试验旨在研究饲粮中铜、铁、锌、锰含量对22~42日龄肉鸡生长性能和粪中铜、铁、锌、锰排泄量的影响,进而对微量元素的平衡模式进行探讨。选取940只1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉公鸡,1~21日龄统一饲喂铜、铁、锌、锰含量分别为16.96、166.66、46.01、60.26 mg/kg的玉米-豆粕型饲粮。试验选用22日龄、体况良好、体重接近的AA肉公鸡900只,随机分为15组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,基础饲粮中铜、铁、锌、锰含量分别为8、125、40、60 mg/kg,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中按照均匀设计原则添加2~8 mg/kg铜、10~35 mg/kg铁、10~40 mg/kg锌、15~60 mg/kg锰组成的14种试验饲粮。测定肉鸡试验期生长性能,并于38~42日龄时采集粪样测定铜、铁、锌、锰含量。结果表明:1)饲粮铜、铁、锌、锰含量在NRC推荐量至2倍NRC推荐量范围时,对22~42日龄肉鸡的平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G)无显著影响(P0.05)。2)由最优解分析得出,粪中铜排泄量最低为23.11 mg/kg时,饲粮铜、铁、锌、锰含量分别为7.15、116.28、82.82、60.95 mg/kg;铁排泄量最低为438.34 mg/kg时,饲粮铜、铁、锌、锰含量分别为14.78、116.81、38.15、63.72 mg/kg;锌排泄量最低为102.60 mg/kg时,饲粮铜、铁、锌、锰含量分别为7.69、127.40、40.70、133.26 mg/kg;锰排泄量最低为159.37 mg/kg时,饲粮铜、铁、锌、锰含量分别为11.07、136.97、46.13、59.05 mg/kg;粪中铜、铁、锌、锰总排泄量最低为218.94 mg/kg时,饲粮铜、铁、锌、锰含量分别为7.36、125.74、38.23、62.76 mg/kg。综上所述,饲粮铜、铁、锌、锰含量在NRC推荐量至2倍NRC推荐量范围时对22~42日龄肉鸡的生长性能无显著影响;粪中铜、铁、锌、锰任一元素的排泄量均受饲粮中其他微量元素添加量的影响,且针对不同元素最低排泄量存在不同的最佳组合;饲粮铜、铁、锌、锰的含量分别为7.36、125.74、38.23、62.76 mg/kg时,能够满足肉鸡微量元素需要量,同时粪中铜、铁、锌、锰总排泄量最小。  相似文献   

14.
An experiment was conducted with 64 crossbred pigs to determine the effect of 0 or .50% dietary sodium zeolite-A (NZA) in combination with 0 or 250 ppm supplemental Cu (as CuSO4.5H2O). Pigs were assigned randomly to one of the following four treatments: 1) corn-soybean meal basal (B), 2) B + .50% NZA, 3) B + 250 ppm Cu, or 4) B + .50% NZA + 250 ppm Cu. Each treatment was replicated four times with four pigs per replicate. Average initial weight was 7.5 kg and the experimental period lasted 144 d. Overall rate and efficiency of gain, incidence of gastric ulcers, dressing percentage, carcass weight, percentage of muscling, 10th rib fat, loin eye area, blood urea N, and bone Ca, P, Mn, Fe, Ni, Na, and Al concentrations were not affected by treatment. The addition of 250 ppm Cu increased liver (P less than .01), serum (P less than .06), and bone (P less than .07) Cu concentrations but decreased mean backfat thickness (P less than .09), bone ash percentage (P less than .03) and serum (P less than .09) and bone (P less than .01) Zn concentrations. Sodium zeolite-A increased serum alkaline phosphatase (P less than .04), carcass length (P less than .06), and liver (P less than .02) and bone (P less than .01) Zn content but decreased (P less than .04) serum Ca and serum inorganic P concentrations. Sodium zeolite-A did not protect against liver Cu accumulation or gastric ulceration in growing swine fed 250 ppm supplemental Cu.  相似文献   

15.
为了研究波尔山羊与河南淮山羊杂交羊的生长发育情况以及肌肉品质特性,本研究采用生长性能常规测定以及国标法和组织化学染色法对舍饲条件下的波淮杂交羊的体重体尺指标、屠宰性能、胴体肌肉的常规营养成分（水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分、钙、磷、镁、铁和硒）、17种氨基酸含量和不同部位（臂三头肌、股二头肌、背最长肌）肌肉的纤维组织特性（肌纤维直径、肌纤维密度）进行测定分析。结果显示,波淮杂交羊初生阶段公羊体重、体斜长、体高、管围均显著高于母羊（P<0.05）;1月龄、3月龄和6月龄时公羊体重、体斜长、体高和胸围均显著高于母羊（P<0.05）;1岁以及1.5岁时公羊体重和体尺等指标均显著高于母羊（P<0.05）。6月龄屠宰的波淮杂交羊公母羊胴体重分别为12.94和11.33 kg,屠宰率分别为49.01%和48.34%,屠宰性能的各项指标均差异不显著（P>0.05）。胴体肌肉中水分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白质、粗灰分分别占比71.00%、2.10%、19.17%和2.31%,胆固醇含量为62.93 mg/100 g;镁、钙、铁、硒、磷的含量分别为248.00、40.57、17.00、0.08、210.12 mg/kg。赖氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸占FAO指标比例分别为123.87%、140.42%、102.88%,这3种氨基酸含量均高于FAO/WHO（理想蛋白模式）的评价标准;苏氨酸、亮氨酸占FAO指标分别为86.80%、82.00%,与FAO理想蛋白模式的氨基酸含量差距不大。苯丙氨酸占FAO指标的36.90%,与FAO理想蛋白模式的氨基酸含量差距较明显。臂三头肌的肌纤维直径（39.98 μm） > 股二头肌的肌纤维直径（36.53 μm） > 背最长肌的肌纤维直径（27.06 μm）。本试验结果表明,舍饲条件下波淮杂交羊屠宰性能较好,肌肉中的氨基酸、蛋白质、脂肪和主要几种矿物质含量丰富,肌肉中脂肪呈现大理石纹状分布,为下一步地方山羊品种的杂交改良和优质羊肉产品开发提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

16.
This study estimated the net macro and micromineral requirement from the 48 male uncastrated lambs (24 growing male Santa Inês and 24 growing male Morada Nova hair sheep), with initial weights of 21.7 ± 1.2 kg and 20.8 ± 0.8 kg using the comparative slaughter method. The experimental diet consisted of 30% forage (Buffel—Cenchrus ciliaris (L) hay) and 70% concentrate (corn grain 43.5%, soybean meal 22.0%, vegetable oil 3.0% and mineral supplement 1.5%). The experimental design was a completely randomized with two breeds, four weights, and six replicate. Mineral requirements sufficient to promote weight gain in Santa Inês sheep ranged from 1.75 to 1.03 g Ca, 1.01 to 0.61 g of P, 0.38 to 0.21 g of K, 0.38 to 0.16 of Na, 0.10 to 0.06 Mg, 28.5 to 16.0 mg of Fe, 6.14 to 3.22 mg of Cu, and Zn 23.0 to 14.0 mg/kg per unit of empty body weight (EBW) gain. In the Morada Nova breed, the requirements ranged from 1.96 to 0.84 g of Ca, 1.15 to 0.46 of P, 0.39 to 0.19 of K, 0.28 to 0.13 of Na, 0.10 to 0.05 Mg, 26.2 to 12.9 mg of Fe, 5.59 to 2.46 Cu, and Zn 23.6 to 10.3 mg/kg of EBW gain. Mineral requirements varied mainly in accordance with the proportion of bone mass and fat concentration in the carcass, which were influenced by the slaughter weight of the animals, and therefore should be used in the formulation of dietary mineral supplements.  相似文献   

17.
为研究典型草原放牧欧拉羊体肌肉中矿物元素、脂肪酸和氨基酸的含量,本试验随机选取同一群体18月龄欧拉羊羯羊20只,测定欧拉羊体重、屠宰性能及背最长肌中矿物元素、脂肪酸、胆固醇、维生素E及氨基酸含量。结果表明:群体中体重在40 kg以下(LW组)占25%,40~50 kg(MW组)占45%,50 kg以上(HW组)占30%;HW组屠宰率、净肉率和眼肌面积均显著高于MW组和LW组;肌肉中铁含量为7.76~8.07 mg/100g,锌含量为10.06~10.74 mg/100g,HW组背最长肌锰含量显著低于LW组;胆固醇含量为36.57~43.43 mg/100g,n-6/n-3为2.12~2.21,HW组胆固醇含量及单不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸的比值(M/S)显著高于MW组和LW组;维生素E含量丰富,为0.31~0.40 mg/100g,各组间差异不显著;3组的氨基酸相对含量差异不显著。综上可知,青海地区天然放牧的欧拉羊肌肉中铁、锌等矿物元素及维生素E含量较高,体重在50 kg以上维生素E含量更高且屠宰性能更好。天然放牧的欧拉羊肌肉中n-6/n-3比值较低,更符合人类健康的需求。  相似文献   

18.
A study was made of differences in the quality of meat from Lacha (L) and Rasa Aragonesa (RA) lambs slaughtered at 12, 24, or 36 kg live weight. Lambs from both breeds were weaned at 25 to 57 d, approximately 11.5 to 18.5 kg live weight, and fed concentrate and barley straw until slaughter at 24 and 36 kg live weight. Hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, conformation, color, firmness, and thickness of backfat and color of rectus abdominis muscle were recorded on the carcass. Final pH (pHu), instrumental color (L*, a*, b*), myoglobin concentration, chemical composition, and water-holding capacity (WHC) of the longissimus muscle, shear force of the biceps femoris muscle, and iodine values and fatty acid composition of the i.m. and s.c. fat depots were determined. The percentage of fat in the longissimus muscle increased with live weight, and values for RA lambs were higher than those for L lambs. The WHC of meat from RA lambs was lower at 24 kg than at 12 or 36 kg slaughter weight. Live weight and breed had no effect on the shear force of the biceps femoris muscle. There was an increase in myoglobin concentration in the longissimus muscle with increased live weight in both breeds. The fatty acid content of s.c. and i.m. fat, which was not affected by breed, declined with the increase in slaughter weight. The polyunsaturated fatty acid content of the s.c. fat depot increased, whereas that of the i.m. fat depot decreased, with the increase in slaughter weight in both breeds. Subcutaneous fat had a higher content of heptadecanoic acid (17:0) than i.m. fat, and this increased with the increase in slaughter weight. In both depots, there was an increase in oleic acid (18:1) at 12 kg in RA lambs and at 24 kg in L lambs. In the s.c. fat depot, there was a progressive increase in linoleic acid (18:2) content with the increase in live weight in both breeds. There was a higher degree of unsaturation in the s.c. fat of RA lambs than in that of L lambs, which was reflected in the iodine value.  相似文献   

19.
试验于2008年5月15日—9月21日在新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州昭苏军马场特克斯河北岸天然草场进行,共选用55只4月龄哈萨克公羔羊,进行体重测定。其中,20只羔羊进行消化试验,35只羔羊进行屠宰试验,预试期为8d,正试期为120d。结果表明：①随着年龄和体重的增加,哈萨克放牧羔羊的肌肉中铜的含量明显下降（P〈0.05）,6月龄时含量最低,但到7月龄时含量最高。②铁的含量随着月龄的增加而显著增加（P〈0.05）,到7月龄时达到最高峰,但8月龄开始明显下降,差异显著（P〈0.05）;③钙的含量5月龄和6月龄时继续下降,但差异不显著（P〉0.05）,到7月龄时又开始上升,但是差异不显著（P〉0.05）。④钴的含量基本上趋于稳定,但到7月龄时开始下降,差异不显著（P〉0.05）。⑤镁的含量随着年龄的增加基本上趋于稳定,各个月龄之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）。⑥锰的含量随着年龄的增加而下降,但到了7月龄时就开始上升,7月龄与5月龄和8月龄之间差异显著（P〈0.05）,但到了8月龄时则又明显下降（P〈0.05）。⑦锌的含量随着月龄明显增加,一直到6月龄时,其与4月龄和5月龄之间的差异显著（P〈0.05）,但到7月龄和8月龄时开始下降,6月龄和8月龄之间差异显著（P〈0.05）。  相似文献   

20.
Several Danish investigations were carried out in order to elucidate the influence of nutrition, sex and slaughter weight on the body composition in pigs. In this paper we discuss whether selection of breeding animals should be based mainly on: (1) per cent meat in the carcass, (2) a combination of per cent meat, daily gain and feed consumption per kg live weight gain, or maybe better, (3) a combination of per cent meat and feed consumption per kg meat produced.Investigations comprising five different energy and protein levels and 1100 pigs slaughtered at live weights varying from 80 to 120 kg showed that both feeding intensity and slaughter weight influenced the carcass composition. Increasing feeding intensity and increasing slaughter weight caused a deterioration in the ratio between meat and subcutaneous fat. The feeding intensity had only little influence on kg meat produced whereas increasing feeding intensity caused an increase in kg subcutaneous fat produced.The females contained more meat than did the male castrates. Besides, the deterioration in carcass composition due to increasing slaughter weight and feeding intensity were lower in the females than in the male castrates. Daily gain increased with increasing feeding intensity. The investigations indicate maximal protein synthesis to take place within the live weight area of 90–100 kg.High correlations were found between the chemical composition of the different anatomical fractions in 90-kg pigs. The empty pigs (live weight minus the content of the digestive tract) weighed on average 80.8 kg, of which 42.0% was dry matter. The dry matter contained 41.1% protein, 51.1% chemical fat, 7.7% ash and 7080 kcal per kg. The meat fraction contained 55% of the protein, 30% of the chemical fat and 38% of the energy in the empty pigs.  相似文献   

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