共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Crackower MA Kolas NK Noguchi J Sarao R Kikuchi K Kaneko H Kobayashi E Kawai Y Kozieradzki I Landers R Mo R Hui CC Nieves E Cohen PE Osborne LR Wada T Kunieda T Moens PB Penninger JM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5623):1291-1295
Meiosis is a critical stage of gametogenesis in which alignment and synapsis of chromosomal pairs occur, allowing for the recombination of maternal and paternal genomes. Here we show that FK506 binding protein (Fkbp6) localizes to meiotic chromosome cores and regions of homologous chromosome synapsis. Targeted inactivation of Fkbp6 in mice results in aspermic males and the absence of normal pachytene spermatocytes. Moreover, we identified the deletion of Fkbp6 exon 8 as the causative mutation in spontaneously male sterile as/as mutant rats. Loss of Fkbp6 results in abnormal pairing and misalignments between homologous chromosomes, nonhomologous partner switches, and autosynapsis of X chromosome cores in meiotic spermatocytes. Fertility and meiosis are normal in Fkbp6 mutant females. Thus, Fkbp6 is a component of the synaptonemal complex essential for sex-specific fertility and for the fidelity of homologous chromosome pairing in meiosis. 相似文献
2.
为解析多倍体植物减数分裂期同源染色体的正常配对和联会的细胞学机制,以白菜同源多倍体为研究对象,利用免疫荧光分析技术,解析了联会复合体相关蛋白ZYP1在减数分裂前期I过程中的细胞学行为。结果表明:与二倍体相比,白菜同源多倍体减数分裂期同源染色体联会、配对及分离过程基本正常,联会复合体蛋白ZYP1抗体荧光信号变化趋势基本一致,但ZYP1免疫荧光信号显著增强。因此,与二倍体相比,同源多倍体植物很可能通过增强联会复合体蛋白ZYP1的表达水平,以协调同源染色体的正常联会与配对,进而保证多倍体植物的正常减数分裂过程。 相似文献
3.
【目的】通过SCP3蛋白免疫荧光染色法,研究小鼠初级精母细胞减数分裂前期Ⅰ不同分裂相联会复合体的形态变化。【方法】从小鼠睾丸取曲细精管,用铺展法制片,对初级精母细胞SCP3蛋白进行免疫荧光染色,观察减数分裂前期Ⅰ不同分裂相联会复合体的形态变化。【结果】在细线期,可见短小、不连续而杂乱簇聚的SCP3蛋白片段;在偶线期,SCP3蛋白趋于明显,连续并呈线状,但没有形成完整的联会复合体;在粗线期,SCP3蛋白结构完整而清晰,小鼠初级精母细胞联会复合体共有20条,包括19条常染色体联会复合体和1条XY联会复合体;双线期,构成联会复合体的2条SCP3蛋白开始相互排斥而分离,导致联会复合体开始解体,但此时的二价体结构依然清晰可见。【结论】SCP3蛋白免疫荧光染色是研究减数分裂前期Ⅰ不同分裂相联会复合体形态变化的强有力工具。 相似文献
4.
During meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, DNA replication occurs 1. 5 to 2 hours before recombination initiates by DNA double-strand break formation. We show that replication and recombination initiation are directly linked. Blocking meiotic replication prevented double-strand break formation in a replication-checkpoint-independent manner, and delaying replication of a chromosome segment specifically delayed break formation in that segment. Consequently, the time between replication and break formation was held constant in all regions. We suggest that double-strand break formation occurs as part of a process initiated by DNA replication, which thus determines when meiotic recombination initiates on a regional rather than a cell-wide basis. 相似文献
5.
Yuan L Liu JG Hoja MR Wilbertz J Nordqvist K Höög C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5570):1115-1118
Aneuploidy (trisomy or monosomy) is the leading genetic cause of pregnancy loss in humans and results from errors in meiotic chromosome segregation. Here, we show that the absence of synaptonemal complex protein 3 (SCP3) promotes aneuploidy in murine oocytes by inducing defective meiotic chromosome segregation. The abnormal oocyte karyotype is inherited by embryos, which die in utero at an early stage of development. In addition, embryo death in SCP3-deficient females increases with advancing maternal age. We found that SCP3 is required for chiasmata formation and for the structural integrity of meiotic chromosomes, suggesting that altered chromosomal structure triggers nondisjunction. SCP3 is thus linked to inherited aneuploidy in female germ cells and provides a model system for studying age-dependent degeneration in oocytes. 相似文献
6.
植物着丝粒的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
着丝粒是许多高等真核生物染色体的重要结构域之一,它的最内层是由串联重复的卫星DNA及其侧翼富集的中度重复元件组成。在整个真核生物类群中,不同物种间着丝粒的DNA序列千差万别,但其功能却相当保守,可确保在有丝分裂和减数分裂过程中染色体的正确分离和传递。近年来,植物着丝粒的结构、功能和进化方面的研究进展较快,故对此进行了综述。 相似文献
7.
Lynn A Koehler KE Judis L Chan ER Cherry JP Schwartz S Seftel A Hunt PA Hassold TJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5576):2222-2225
Analysis of recombination between loci (linkage analysis) has been a cornerstone of human genetic research, enabling investigators to localize and, ultimately, identify genetic loci. However, despite these efforts little is known about patterns of meiotic exchange in human germ cells or the mechanisms that control these patterns. Using recently developed immunofluorescence methodology to examine exchanges in human spermatocytes, we have identified remarkable variation in the rate of recombination within and among individuals. Subsequent analyses indicate that, in humans and mice, this variation is linked to differences in the length of the synaptonemal complex. Thus, at least in mammals, a physical structure, the synaptonemal complex, reflects genetic rather than physical distance. 相似文献
8.
The mammalian ovarian follicle consists of a multilayered complex of somatic cells that surround the oocyte. A signal from the follicle cells keeps the oocyte cell cycle arrested at prophase of meiosis I until luteinizing hormone from the pituitary acts on the follicle cells to release the arrest, causing meiosis to continue. Here we show that meiotic arrest can be released in mice by microinjecting the oocyte within the follicle with an antibody that inhibits the stimulatory heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein Gs. This indicates that Gs activity in the oocyte is required to maintain meiotic arrest within the ovarian follicle and suggests that the follicle may keep the cell cycle arrested by activating Gs. 相似文献
9.
10.
Brar GA Yassour M Friedman N Regev A Ingolia NT Weissman JS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6068):552-557
11.
综述了高等植物中联会复合体的研究进展.内容包括:联会复合体的结构和组成;联会复合体的起始、形成与染色体的配对;联会复合体、重组结与交换的关系;单倍体,多倍体和杂种中特殊类型的联会复合体;以及联会复合体在遗传分析中的应用. 相似文献
12.
Centromeres are the structural elements of eukaryotic chromosomes that hold sister chromatids together and to which spindle tubules connect during cell division. Centromeres have been shown to suppress meiotic recombination in some systems. In this study yeast strains genetically marked within and flanking a centromere, were used to demonstrate that gene conversion (nonreciprocal recombination) tracts in mitosis can enter into and extend through the centromere. 相似文献
13.
罗耀武 《河北农业大学学报》1988,(4)
同源四倍体的遗传比一般二倍体要复杂得多,本文介绍了同源四倍体不同基因型依染色体随机分离、依染色单体随机分离以及完全均衡分离的遗传方式。同时也讨论了“双减数值”以及利用它测定基因与着丝点之间重组值的方法。此外还讨论了测定基因与基因之间重组值的方法。这些对于同源四倍体的遗传育种研究都有重要参考价值。 相似文献
14.
Reproductive cells that are destined to become sperm or egg undergo meiotic division during which the chromosome number is halved. As Sluder and McCollum explain in their Perspective, new findings (Shonn et al.) in yeast show that there is a spindle checkpoint that operates during meiosis to ensure that an equal number of replicated chromosomes arrives at each pole of the cell. One of the components of this meiotic spindle checkpoint turns out to be Mad2, which gives the signal to halt meiosis if it looks like unequal chromosome segregation is taking place. 相似文献
15.
Meiosis is a specialized cell division in which two chromosome segregation phases follow a single DNA replication phase. The budding yeast Polo-like kinase Cdc5 was found to be instrumental in establishing the meiosis I chromosome segregation program. Cdc5 was required to phosphorylate and remove meiotic cohesin from chromosomes. Furthermore, in the absence of CDC5 kinetochores were bioriented during meiosis I, and Mam1, a protein essential for coorientation, failed to associate with kinetochores. Thus, sister-kinetochore coorientation and chromosome segregation during meiosis I are coupled through their dependence on CDC5. 相似文献
16.
植物着丝粒区串联重复序列的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
着丝粒是细胞染色体的重要结构组成,控制姊妹染色单体的结合、动粒的组装和纺锤丝的附着,确保真核生物细胞在有丝分裂和减数分裂过程中染色体的正常分离及遗传信息的稳定传递。植物着丝粒DNA序列主要由反转录转座子和串联重复序列构成。串联重复序列在着丝粒功能实现和基因组进化过程中起重要作用。随着测序技术的成熟,近年来对串联重复序列的研究取得了很大的进展。综述了植物串联重复序列结构、分析方法及在进化中的作用,以期为相关研究提供参考。 相似文献
17.
TANG Qi-lin FENG Yun-chao HAN Xue-li ZHENG Ming-min RONG Ting-zhao 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2009,8(10):1159-1165
The haploid-inducing line Stock 6 was used to produce haploid maize and expected to obtain maize haploid plants successfully. The detailed meiotic studies on selected haploid maize （n = x = 10） were conducted. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a high frequency of meiotic abnormality occurred in both meiosis Ⅰ and meiosis Ⅱ. During the prophase Ⅰ, univalents were common configurations, and there were bivalents or trivalents in some pollen mother cells, however, a few cells containing five bivalents were also observed. After prophase Ⅰ, chromosomes did not congregate in a single metaphase plate but they were scattered in the cytoplasm. At anaphase Ⅰ, the chromosome distribution was highly irregular with almost all possible combinations. In some cells, chromosomes were grouped into the three or four masses and several spindles appeared. At the tetrad stage of meiosis Ⅱ, eytokinesis splitting abnormality occurred, and a variety of diad, triad, tetrad, pentad, hexad, as well as decury microspores were easily observed. As a consequence of abnormalities of the two meiotic stages, various microspores and the pollen were almost completely sterile. grains with different size were formed, and its pollen grains 相似文献
18.
Lorenz A Osman F Sun W Nandi S Steinacher R Whitby MC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6088):1585-1588
The formation of healthy gametes depends on programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which are each repaired as a crossover (CO) or non-crossover (NCO) from a homologous template. Although most of these DSBs are repaired without giving COs, little is known about the genetic requirements of NCO-specific recombination. We show that Fml1, the Fanconi anemia complementation group M (FANCM)-ortholog of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, directs the formation of NCOs during meiosis in competition with the Mus81-dependent pro-CO pathway. We also define the Rad51/Dmc1-mediator Swi5-Sfr1 as a major determinant in biasing the recombination process in favor of Mus81, to ensure the appropriate amount of COs to guide meiotic chromosome segregation. The conservation of these proteins from yeast to humans suggests that this interplay may be a general feature of meiotic recombination. 相似文献
19.
人工合成小麦被广泛应用于小麦遗传育种及进化研究。本实验对四倍体野生二粒小麦、圆锥小麦、硬粒小麦与节节麦杂交,经染色体自动加倍形成的23个人工六倍体小麦第一代(S1代)的细胞学及农艺性状进行研究。结果表明,不同人工合成小麦的细胞学存在显著差异。四倍体供体母本对减数分裂影响很大。其中,由野生二粒小麦AS285合成的人工小麦的减数分裂很不正常,这可能由于控制减数分裂"二倍体"化的Ph1位点变异所致。减数分裂不正常,会导致其细胞学不稳定。因此,在用人工合成六倍体小麦构建遗传群体或作遗传研究之前,有必要先观察其减数分裂,选择出减数分裂正常的材料用于研究工作。根据本研究,单价体可作为判断减数分裂是否正常的依据。同时,不同人工合成小麦的农艺性状存在显著差异,它们为育种提供了新的资源。 相似文献
20.
The separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis in eukaryotes is the physical basis of Mendelian inheritance. The core of the meiotic process is a specialized nuclear division (meiosis I) in which homologs pair with each other, recombine, and then segregate from each other. The processes of chromosome alignment and pairing allow for homolog recognition. Reciprocal meiotic recombination ensures meiotic chromosome segregation by converting sister chromatid cohesion into mechanisms that hold homologous chromosomes together. Finally, the ability of sister kinetochores to orient to a single pole at metaphase I allows the separation of homologs to two different daughter cells. Failures to properly accomplish this elegant chromosome dance result in aneuploidy, a major cause of miscarriage and birth defects in human beings. 相似文献