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1.
含大豆抗营养因子的日粮添加细菌来源蛋白酶对仔猪生长和器官重的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
某些来自微生物的蛋白酶在体外能显著抑制大豆中的胰蛋白酶抑制因子的生物活性（ＴＩＡ）,６０ｍｉｎ培养后,使生大豆中的ＴＩＡ活性降至１３．３ｍｇ／ｇ,轻度热处理大豆仅残留１．９ｍｇ／ｇ。２４头４周龄断奶仔猪随机分成３组,每组两个重复,每个重复４头,随机接受一种处理日粮：（１）对照;（２）基础日粮＋蛋白酶Ｅ１;（３）基础日粮＋蛋白酶Ｅ２。经１７ｄ的试验,Ｅ１和Ｅ２组的日增重分别比对照高３６％和１８％,但差异不显著。处理组仔猪的器官重占空体重的比例,心脏比对照少７．８％和５．９％,脾脏少１１．１％和７．４％,胰脏少１６．７％和１２．５％。消化道重趋于减少,胃少２６．４％和２４％（Ｐ＝０．１９８）,小肠少１８．９％和７．７％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,盲肠少２１．９％和９．４％（Ｐ＝０．１１４）。试验表明日粮中添加细菌来源蛋白水解酶对生长和饲料利用率有积极的作用,减弱大豆抗营养因子的负作用。 相似文献
2.
早杂籼稻糙米代替玉米日粮对肉鸡增重效果的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
选择１日龄ＡＡ肉雏鸡４４０只,随机分为４组,每组１１０只。１组为玉米日粮组,２,３和４组依次以糙米取代日粮中玉米５０％,７０％和１００％。饲养４５ｄ,结果表明：１,２,３和４组鸡平均体重分别为１．９８０,２．０６７,２．２０６和２．３２５ｋｇ;日增重依次为４２．７,４４．７,４７．８和５０．４ｇ;与１组比较,２,３和４组鸡的日增重依次提高４．７％,１１．９％和１８．０％;料肉比依次下降０．５％,２．９％和７．１％;每千克增重耗料成本依次下降０．０４元,０．１３元和０．３１元。说明,随日粮中糙米代用量的增加,试验鸡增重加快,料肉比和增重成本下降。说明糙米作为肉鸡的能量饲料是可行的、有益的。 相似文献
3.
有益微生物制剂在蛋鸡中的应用研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本研究应用含４大类８０多种有益微生物复合菌群，以０．１％的比例添加于鸡的饮水或饲料中。二次重复试验结果表明，添加复合有益微生物制剂能明显提高鸡的抗病力，降低雏鸡肠道病的发生率。雏鸡增重、饲料报酬、产蛋率和蛋料比分别提高了７．９％，９．０％，３．６％和２．８％，破蛋率减少３．８％，蛋品质显著改善，经济效益明显。 相似文献
4.
不同粗纤维含量饲料对豁鹅雏鹅增重的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对０－１８周龄雏鹅饲喂不同粗纤维含量饲料，观察其对雏鹅增重，饲料报酬的影响，结果表明，０－４周龄雏鹅日粮中粗纤维含量以３．２４－４．０２％为宜；８－１１周龄时以４．２９％为宜；１５－１８周龄时，粗纤维含量达４．７２％对增重亦无不良影响。 相似文献
5.
6.
饲粮类型和蛋白质水平对早期断奶仔猪生产性能的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
选４８头２８±２日龄断奶仔猪（平均体重约５．５千克），随机分成８组，采用２×４设计研究２种饲粮类型与４个粗蛋白质（ＣＰ）水平（２２、１８、１７和１４％）对仔猪生产性能的影响。试验结果显示：①低蛋白质饲粮使仔猪血浆尿素氮（ＰＵＮ）含量和腹泻指数显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５或０．０１）。②采食全植物蛋白型饲粮的仔猪，其平均日增重（ＡＤＧ）和平均日采食量（ＡＤＦＩ）低于（Ｐ＜０．０１）采食复合蛋白型饲粮的仔猪。前者的料肉比（Ｆ／Ｇ）趋于高于后者，但差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。前者的ＰＵＮ含量高于（Ｐ＜０．０１）后者。③对于ＡＤＧ、ＡＤＦＩ和ＰＵＮ指标，存在饲粮类型×ＣＰ水平的交互作用（Ｐ＜０．０５或０．０１）。④全植物蛋白型饲粮和复合蛋白型饲粮取得最大日增重的ＣＰ水平（％）分别为１８．９和１９．９。试验结果表明，复合蛋白型饲粮的饲养效果优于全植物蛋白型饲粮。饲粮类型不同，蛋白质的适宜水平也不同。 相似文献
7.
选用ＡＡ１０日龄雏鸡１０００只，进行多糖酸盐饲喂试验。结果显示，多糖酸盐组比无机盐组提高增重８．３％，成活率提高２．０％，试验鸡每增生１ｋｇ，饲料消耗降低９．２５％。 相似文献
8.
壳聚糖对肉鸡体内胆固醇及PUFA含量的影响 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
选用１００只２１日龄ＡＡ商品代肉用仔鸡，按体重随机分为两组，采用网上平养。对照组日粮为玉米—豆粕型日粮，其中含２．５％猪大油。在对照组日粮基础上添加２％壳聚糖为试验组日粮，试验期３０ｄ。结果表明，试验组鸡第２０，３０ｄ血清胆固醇含量均低于对照组，分别降低１５．２２和４３．０６ｍｇ／ｄｌ，前者差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５），后者差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。试验组鸡腿肌、胸肌胆固醇含量分别比对照组降低５．０８％和４．９６％。结果还表明，添加壳聚糖的鸡增重速度优于对照组，对饲料中除Ｃ１８∶３ω３，Ｃ１８∶１ω９外的ＰＵＦＡ有吸附作用。 相似文献
9.
日粮中添加高剂量铜对肉用仔鸡生长和肝,粪铜浓度的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
用１６４只１周龄ＡＡ肉用仔鸡进行的两次试验结果显示，在含铜８－１４ｍｇ／ｋｇ的玉米－豆饼日粮中，添加１２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ铜，提高４－７周龄平均增重７．１－１０．８＾，提高１－３周龄平均增重２．１－２．５％或６．２％，降低１－３周龄饲料／增重６．３－１５．３％，添加１２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ铜，对胸肌含水量无影响，明显提高了肝铜含量，但度不太大，由对照组的１３．８ｍｇ／ｋｇ提高到２３．８ｍｇ／ｋｇ，而正常鸡肝含铜 相似文献
10.
在ＡＡ肉鸡中添加０．１５％、０．２％、０．３％的ＨＦ复合酶制剂，经５６天全程试验表明，成活率分别比对照组提高１．３％、３．０％、３．９％；日增重分别提高３．７７％、４．０３％。４．３１％；料肉比较对照组高２．５９％、３．６３％、３．６３％；日增重及料肉比前期（０～２８日龄）均好于后期（２８～５６日龄）。最终经济效益比对照组分别提高１３．２１％、１９．１８％、１９．５０％，经济效益极其显著。 相似文献
11.
Utilization by growing and finishing pigs of raw soybeans of low Kunitz trypsin inhibitor content 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Three trials were conducted to compare acceptance and utilization by growing and finishing pigs of diets containing supplemental protein from either heated, solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM), raw low-Kunitz trypsin inhibitor soybean (LT) or raw commercially grown Williams cultivar soybean with high Kunitz trypsin inhibitor content (HT). In Trial 1, 36 crossbred pigs, averaging 7 kg in weight, were fed 1) corn-SBM, 2)corn-LT or 3) corn-HT diets for 28 d. Diets were formulated to be isolysinic and to have similar calorie:lysine ratios. Average daily gain and gain/feed were higher (P less than .01) for pigs fed the corn-SBM diet than for pigs fed the corn-LT diet; average daily gain and gain/feed were higher (P less than .01) for the corn-LT diet than for the corn-HT. Average daily feed intake did not differ (P greater than .05) among diets. In Trial 2, 48 crossbred pigs averaging 67 kg were fed diets similar to those in Trial 1 but with lower lysine values. The daily gain (.95 kg) of pigs fed the corn-SBM diet was greater (P less than .05) than for pigs fed the corn-LT diet (.87 kg), which in turn was greater (P less than .05) than for the pigs fed the corn-HT diet (.83 kg). Daily feed intake (kg) and gain/feed were 3.27 and .291, 2.97 and .293, and 3.07 and .270, respectively, for pigs fed the corn-SBM, corn-LT and corn-HT diets. In Trial 3, 18 castrate male pigs averaging 12.4 kg were fed cornstarch-based diets with either SBM, LT or HT as the source of protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
12.
Agwunobi LN 《Tropical animal health and production》1999,31(6):383-389
Day-old Lohman broiler chicks (n = 120) were fed on five starting diets for 4 weeks in groups of 24 birds. The starting diets contained 0%, 9%, 18%, 27% and 36% sweet potato tuber as a replacement for maize. From the fifth week, the 120 birds were tested in groups of 30 on four finishing diets containing 0%, 15%, 30% and 45% sweet potato tuber as a replacement for maize. The carcass quality was significantly (p>0.05) improved due to a significant (p>0.05) reduction of abdominal fat in the birds fed on the 45% sweet potato finisher diets. However, the birds on the sweet potato diet continually passed wet dropppings, resulting in a significant (p>0.05) reduction in body weight and feed conversion efficiency. The optimum levels of inclusion of sweet potato in the diets were considered to be 27% and 30% for starting and finishing broiler chickens, respectively. Sweet potato diets may be a remedy for fatty broilers. 相似文献
13.
Effect of reconstitution of pearl millet with or without enzymes on its utilization in broiler chickens was studied. The pearl millet grains were reconstituted by adding water to raise the moisture level to 30%, followed by storage in sealed plastic buckets with or without feed enzymes (0.5 g/kg) for 21 days at room temperature (25°C). Subsequently, the grains were sun-dried to reduce the moisture content up to 10% to avoid mould growth. Nine dietary treatments were formulated incorporating pearl millet either raw with or without enzymes or reconstituted with or without enzymes in maize-soya based control diet replacing maize at 50 and 75% levels. The birds fed on diets containing enzyme reconstituted pearl millet accrued higher body weight than maize based control diet. Addition of enzymes to raw pearl-millet based diet improved the body weight gain significantly. The reconstitution of pearl millet with or without enzymes increased ( P < 0.01) the dietary nitrogen corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) values and the highest improvement (6.11%) was recorded in diets containing pearl millet reconstituted with enzymes at 75% level of maize replacement. The percent nitrogen retention in pearl millet based diets was comparable to maize based control diet. It may be concluded that the supplementation of the feed enzymes or reconstitution of pearl millet may improve the utilization of pearl millet in broiler chickens. 相似文献
14.
Supplementation of broiler diets with high levels of microbial protease and phytase enables partial replacement of commercial soybean meal with raw,full‐fat soybean 
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下载免费PDF全文 M. M. Erdaw R. A. Perez‐Maldonado P. A. Iji 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(3):755-768
A 3 × 3 + 1 factorial, involving three levels of protease (0, 15,000 or 30,000 PROT/kg) and three levels of phytase (1,000, 2,000 or 3,000 FYT/kg), was used to evaluate the effect of replacing commercial soybean meal (SBM) with raw, full‐fat soybean (RFSB) at 75 g/kg of diet for broilers. A control diet was used for comparison. Each treatment was replicated six times, with nine birds per replicate. The concentration of trypsin inhibitors (TIs) in the test diets was approximately 10,193.4 TIU/kg. Regardless of enzyme supplementation, feed intake (FI) and body weight gain (BWG) of birds in the control group were superior to those on the test diets. Birds that received the protease‐free test diets had reduced FI and BWG, but when supplemented with protease, were similar to the control diet in BWG, FI (except 0–35 days) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). When the test diet was supplemented with elevated levels (extradose) of protease and phytase, the BWG was improved during 0–10 days (p = .05) and 0–24 days (p < .01). Regardless of protease supplementation, the weight of thighs was lower for birds fed the test diets. Birds that received the control diet had smaller weight of pancreas. Increasing the level of phytase supplementation reduced (p < .05) the weight of the pancreas. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of CP and AA was higher in birds on the control diets, but this was also improved in test diets by protease supplementation. The activities of trypsin (7%), general proteolytic (11%) and lipase (12%) were slightly increased because of protease supplementation. Mucosal depth and apparent villus surface areas were increased by about 2.9% and 20%, respectively, due to supplementation of elevated level of phytase. It can be concluded that RFSB could partially replace SBM in broiler diets, provided the diets are supplemented with elevated levels of protease and phytase. 相似文献
15.
J T Yen G L Cromwell G L Allee C C Calvert T D Crenshaw E R Miller 《Journal of animal science》1991,69(2):656-663
A cooperative study using 215 sows during two parities (349 litters) was conducted at six stations to determine the effect of raw soybeans in gestation and lactation diets on sow and litter performance. Sows were bred and allotted to fortified corn diets containing either soybean meal (control) or raw soybeans. A corn-soybean meal-soybean oil diet, isocaloric to the raw soybean diet, was included as a third treatment at three stations. All diets contained 14% CP. These diets were fed during both gestation and lactation through two parities. The daily gestation feed intake ranged from 1.8 to 2.3 kg/sow, depending on station. During lactation, the sows were allowed ad libitum access to their respective diets. Gestational weight gain was not influenced by diet, but sows fed raw soybeans consumed less (P less than .01) feed during lactation and had greater (P less than .01) lactational weight loss and their pigs were lighter in weight (P less than .05) both at 21 d and at weaning (varied between 3 and 5 wk of age). Sows fed the diet with supplemental oil had reproductive and lactational performance similar to those fed the control diet. Milk obtained at d 10 to 14 of lactation from sows fed raw soybeans had lower (P less than .05) protein content than milk from sows fed the other two diets, but fat content of the milk tended to be increased by raw soybeans or by added soybean oil. Return to estrus was not affected by diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
16.
Durairaj V Clark FD Coon CC Huff WE Okimoto R Huff GR Rath NC 《British poultry science》2012,53(2):198-203
1. The effects of high fat diets and prednisolone treatment were studied to understand the etiology of femoral head separation (FHS) in fast growing broiler chickens. Dietary effects on production parameters such as growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and blood chemistry were also measured. 2. Three groups of chickens, consisting of 30 birds each, in two replicate pens, were fed isonitrogenous diets containing 40 (control), 60, or 80?g poultry fat supplements per kg feed. The birds were fed a starter diet containing the fat supplements for the first three weeks, then switched to a grower diet containing the same supplements for the rest of the experimental period. Two groups of birds were also raised with the control diets, but were administered either cholesterol or prednisolone intramuscularly at 30 and 32 days of age to evaluate their effects on FHS incidences. 3. The chickens were euthanised and necropsied at 37?d of age. The presence of femoral head weakness was determined by applying mild pressure on the pelvic joint to cause the growth plate to become detached from its articular cartilage in affected cases. 4. High fat diets did not change FHS incidences, but increased 28?d body weights (BW) and FCR. At 37?d of age the BW differences were not significant but the FCR (gain: feed ratio) remained higher in high fat fed groups. Prednisolone treatment, by contrast, resulted in decreased BW, decreased feed efficiency, increased FHS index, and elevated blood lipid levels. 5. The results suggest that high dietary fats do not affect FHS incidence in broilers. Prednisolone treatment causes hyperlipidaemia and increases FHS index, and may therefore provide a suitable experimental model of FHS pathogenesis in growing chickens. 相似文献
17.
K L Herkelman G L Cromwell T S Stahly T W Pfeiffer D A Knabe 《Journal of animal science》1992,70(3):818-826
An experiment was conducted with ileally cannulated pigs to determine the apparent digestibility of amino acids and N in raw or heated conventional or low-trypsin-inhibitor soybeans. Six littermate barrows initially averaging 24 kg were fed cornstarch-based diets (10.5% CP, .68% lysine, 3,558 kcal of ME/kg) supplemented with raw (unheated), conventional soybeans; raw, low-trypsin-inhibitor soybeans; heated, conventional soybeans; heated, low-trypsin-inhibitor soybeans; or solvent-extracted soybean meal. Heating was achieved by autoclaving soybeans (after grinding) for 20 min at 110 degrees C. The urease activities of the two raw soybean sources were similar, but the trypsin inhibitor activity of the raw, low-trypsin-inhibitor soybeans was about one-half that of the raw, conventional soybeans. The lower trypsin inhibitor activity of the raw, low-trypsin-inhibitor soybeans was associated with an improvement in the apparent digestibility of amino acids and N compared with the raw, conventional soybeans (P less than .05). Heating reduced the urease and trypsin inhibitor activities and improved (P less than .05) the apparent digestibility of amino acids and N in both types of soybeans. However, the heated, conventional soybeans contained more trypsin inhibitor activity than the heated, low-trypsin-inhibitor soybeans and the digestibilities of the amino acids were lower (P less than .05). Although the urease and trypsin inhibitor activities of the two heated soybean sources were similar to or less than those of soybean meal, the digestibilities of amino acids were not as great (P less than .05) in the heated soybeans as in soybean meal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
18.
Effects of feeding growing broiler chickens with practical diets containing sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) seed meal 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1. Two experiments with growing broiler chickens were carried out to study the effects of the inclusion in their diets of whole or dehulled lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) seed meal on productive and physiological parameters. The effects of the addition of a commercial protease (1 g/kg, Bio-Feed Pro, Novo. Nordisk, Madrid) were also tested. 2. Diets were formulated to contain the same amounts of energy (12.55 kJ/g) and protein (210 g/kg). Raw whole (not heat treated) or dehulled sweet (low in alkaloids) lupin seed meal (400 and 320 g/kg, respectively) were used to formulate the lupin-based diets, and the protein content was completed with either defatted soybean or casein. 3. Final body weight and feed intake of chickens fed diets containing whole lupin seed meal (400 g/kg) were lower than controls, but gain:feed ratios were not different. The presence of soybean or casein in the diet did not affect productive parameters. Birds fed dehulled (320 g/kg) instead of whole lupin seed meal had similar body weight, feed intake and gain:feed values to controls. The addition of a commercial protease (1 g/kg, Bio-Feed Pro CT) to whole lupin/soy or whole lupin/casein diets tended to increase feed intake and final weight of the birds. 4. Plasma uric acid concentration was higher, and plasma cholesterol and triglycerides lower, in chicks fed whole lupin but not in those fed dehulled lupin seed meal. Plasma amino acid concentrations were not different from controls in birds fed lupin diets. 5. Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids was not different from controls for the different lupin diets. The relative weight of the liver was higher than controls in lupin-fed birds, but not in those fed enzyme supplemented lupin-based diets. Liver concentrations of DNA tended to rise, while those of glycogen tended to decrease and liver RNA was lower in lupin-fed chicks. 相似文献
19.
Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterannea)--a leguminous root nut, which grows in the tropics and subtropics--was used in an experiment to test its effect on the performance of growing broiler chicks. Performance was measured by monitoring growth, measuring nutrients and energy balances and also by determining nutrient accretion. Twelve-day old broiler chicks, kept in individual metabolic cages, were used in an experiment in which birds were equally allotted (n = 10) into a control (fed high performance diet made up principally of wheat and soybean meal) and 6 test groups fed diets containing 19, 76 and 95% raw or autoclaved bambara groundnuts. All diets were similar in energy, nitrogen and total lipid contents. Diets were also balanced for amino acids, vitamins and minerals in accordance to the specific requirements of the birds. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Growth performance was monitored over 15 days. Nutrient and energy balances were measured by use of TiO2 as marker. The comparative slaughter technique was implored for the determination of energy and nutrient accretion. The results showed that the level of raw or autoclaved bambara had no significant influence on feed intake. Increasing the bambara level in the diets caused a general linear drop in the performance of the broilers. However, with up to 95% bambara in the diet, the general performance was still above 75% compared to the control. Increasing levels of bambara groundnut caused a decrease in the metabolizability of energy and efficiency of utilisation of ME for BWG. The animals retained more water with increasing levels of raw bambara in the diets while autoclaving increased their DM content to levels comparable to the control. The protein composition of gain was comparable at all levels of inclusion. In general autoclaving improved the performance of bambara. 相似文献