共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
YASUO MATSUKAWA 《Fisheries Oceanography》2006,15(2):104-112
The carrying capacity for the Pacific bluefin tuna at each life stage is estimated and its survival strategy is examined numerically, using a new method to define the hypothetical capacity, the standard population, and the search volumes that are necessary and are feasible for the tuna. The carrying capacity for the adult is estimated at 1–2 × 106 individuals, which corresponds with 5–10% of the hypothetical capacity and is comparable with the maximum levels of the southern and the Atlantic bluefin tuna populations. It is hypothesized semiquantitatively that the migration at each life stage and the remarkable decrement of growth at 120 days and about 40 cm occur as an evolutionary response to population excess over the carrying capacity. It is also hypothesized semiquantitatively that the early larvae have minimal food available in the Subtropical Water and develop the predatory morphology, high growth rate, and high mobility, however, at the expense of a high mortality as an evolutionary response to the tuna spawning in the Subtropical Water. This method may be an available tool to not only investigate the carrying capacity and survival strategy of a specific fish species, but also predict when and in how much abundance the fish species occurs in a specific area of its habitat. 相似文献
2.
3.
We examined recruitment and average weight-at-age time series for Pacific herring ( Clupea pallasi ) populations from the Bering Sea and north-east Pacific Ocean to determine similarities. Statistical correlation and multivariate clustering methods indicated Pacific herring populations form large-scale groups. Large year classes occur synchronously among several Pacific herring populations. Multivariate cluster analyses of recruitment and weight-at-age data indicated that Bering Sea herring populations are distinct from north-east Pacific Ocean populations. Within the NE Pacific Ocean, there appear to be three groups of herring populations: a British Columbia group, a south-east Alaska coastal group, and an outer Gulf of Alaska group. Jackknife and randomization tests indicate these groups are robust and not the result of random chance. Deviations from observed herring population groups were examined for indications of anthropogenic perturbations. The Prince William Sound herring populations did not show any strong deviations corresponding to the oil spill of 1989. There might not yet be enough data since the spill to detect changes in the recruitment or weight-at-age data since that time, particularly if oil spill effects were concentrated on the early life history stages. 相似文献
4.
Spatial distribution analysis of the North Pacific spiny dogfish,Squalus suckleyi,in the North Pacific using generalized additive models 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Toshikazu Yano Seiji Ohshimo Minoru Kanaiwa Tsutomu Hattori Masa‐aki Fukuwaka Toru Nagasawa Sho Tanaka 《Fisheries Oceanography》2017,26(6):668-679
The North Pacific spiny dogfish (SPD), Squalus suckleyi, is a commercially exploited shark species that plays an important role in the ecosystem. To elucidate the distribution of the SPD in the North Pacific and to evaluate the effects of sea surface temperature (SST) and prey availability on its distribution, we estimated the probability of SPD presence using a generalized additive model with a binomial error distribution from SPD presence/absence data on 14,824 operations in fishery‐independent gillnet surveys between 1972 and 2011. The habitat model was structured in the east and west to reflect differences in the North Pacific oceanic environments. In the east, a higher probability of SPD presence was identified along the coast from the eastern Gulf of Alaska to Queen Charlotte Sound. In the west, it was identified around northern Japan. The estimated distribution was continuous between the two areas, whereas the probability of SPD presence was relatively low. Although the probability of SPD presence was higher at SSTs between 6°C and 12°C, the SST at the peak probability of SPD presence differed between the west and east. The prey species, Japanese sardine, Sardinops melanostictus, and walleye pollock, Gadus chalcogrammus, in the west and boreal clubhook squid, Onychoteuthis borealijaponica, in the east significantly affected the probability of SPD presence, which was higher if the prey species co‐existed with SPD. Therefore, SPD might adapt their distribution to that of available prey species. SPD stock assessment and management in these two important areas are required for its sustainable utilization. 相似文献
5.
ABSTRACT: Age-based population assessment is widely used, but there are cases where information on age or even body length of landed fish is difficult to collect. In the present study, the biomass and fishing mortality of the southern Hokkaido stock of Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus was estimated directly from body weight composition, using weight-based virtual population analysis, from 1994 to 2000. The estimated biomass over 1 kg body weight was 5607 t in 1994 and increased to 7908 t in 2000. The increase was explained by an increase in recruitment. 相似文献
6.
7.
《Fisheries Research》2007,84(2-3):319-331
Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) and walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) are important forage species in the North Pacific Ocean, but their seasonal abundance patterns are poorly known. During three consecutive years of monthly acoustic surveys in Lynn Canal, southeastern Alaska, large schools of herring dominated during winter and were present in a 60-km long submarine gully; this gully appears to provide critical winter habitat for herring when their prey are less available and energy expenditure must be reduced. The salient change in pollock distribution is a shift from shallow waters during summer to deeper waters during winter, such that shallow (<40 m) waters are nearly devoid of pollock during winter. The shift presumably occurs in response to the build-up of secondary productivity during summer and predator avoidance during winter. The seasonal changes in herring abundance drove seasonal changes in predator abundance, as Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) and humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) preyed upon the winter aggregation of herring. Such seasonal links likely serve an important role in structuring trophic relationships in the North Pacific Ocean ecosystem. 相似文献
8.
Previous studies have shown that Pacific herring populations in the Bering Sea and north-east Pacific Ocean can be grouped based on similar recruitment time series. The scale of these groups suggests large-scale influence on recruitment fluctuations from the environment. Recruitment time series from 14 populations were analysed to determine links to various environmental variables and to develop recruitment forecasting models using a Ricker-type environmentally dependent spawner–recruit model. The environmental variables used for this investigation included monthly time series of the following: southern oscillation index, North Pacific pressure index, sea surface temperatures, air temperatures, coastal upwelling indices, Bering Sea wind, Bering Sea ice cover, and Bering Sea bottom temperatures. Exploratory correlation analysis was used for focusing the time period examined for each environmental variable. Candidate models for forecasting herring recruitment were selected by the ordinary and recent cross-validation prediction errors. Results indicated that forecasting models using air and sea surface temperature data lagged to the year of spawning generally produced the best forecasting models. Multiple environmental variables showed marked improvements in prediction over single-environmental-variable models. 相似文献
9.
西北太平洋秋刀鱼渔业探析 总被引：22，自引：2，他引：22
由于近海渔业资源的衰退和恶化,我国海洋渔业面临严峻的挑战。1985年我国远洋渔业开始起步,1989年发展了远洋鱿钓渔业,1993年首次进入西北太平洋从事柔鱼钓生产,经过艰难的创业和发展,到2002年我国远洋鱿钓船已发展到480多艘,成为我国渔业生产的支柱产业之一。但是,近几年来北太平洋总产量徘徊在9万t左右,另外,我国有80多条专业鱿钓船在西南大西洋作业,7～10月无生产。因此,尽快找到新的捕捞对象,提高经济效益,是当前发展远洋渔业的迫切任务。而栖息在亚洲和美洲沿岸太平洋热带和温带水域中的秋刀鱼,则以其具有一定的资源量、简单易行的捕捞方式以及广阔的销售前景,成为远洋鱿钓船队今后可供选择的捕捞对象之一。 相似文献
10.
北太平洋秋刀鱼生活史和资源渔场研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
北太平洋秋刀鱼(Cololabis saira)是中国重要的远洋渔业鱼种,被北太平洋渔业委员会列为优先管理的种类之一。本文回顾和概述了秋刀鱼生活史、种群动力、资源渔场和栖息地适宜性等方面的研究进展,分析和展望了秋刀鱼生长生物学、繁殖生物学、洄游、资源波动和栖息地适宜性等研究现状和未来的发展趋势。主要建议包括:基于耳石微化学信息和最适环境参数的时空分布变动,探索秋刀鱼潜在的洄游路径和模式;建立繁殖栖息地适应性指数模型,分析海洋气候对秋刀鱼补充群体潜在栖息地的影响;建立秋刀鱼集群栖息地适宜性指数模型,开发秋刀鱼渔场渔情速报系统。本文的概述和分析旨在为秋刀鱼渔业资源等相关研究提供参考。 相似文献
11.
12.
The effects of exposing the eggs of Pacific threadfin and amberjack eggs (AEs) to different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide for 5 min on hatch rate and survival were assessed in a series of experiments using a petri dish model rearing system. Despite significant inter‐batch variation in hatch rate, it was shown that eggs of both species could be safely exposed to up to 11 340 mg L−1 H2O2 for 5 min. Exposure to 34 230 mg L−1 H2O2 for 5 min was shown to be lethal to AEs at a late stage of development. In two further experiments, it was demonstrated that Pacific threadfin eggs were resistant to all tested concentrations of a range of polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (PVP‐I) concentrations and contact times (up to 1000 mg L−1 PVP‐I for 10 min). The level of bacteria adhering to the eggs of both species was highly variable. Where eggs were heavily colonized (>104 cfu egg−1), hydrogen peroxide concentrations of at least 11 340 mg L−1, or PVP‐I concentrations higher than 500 mg L−1 for 10 min, were required for effective sterilization. In less colonized batches, rinsing in sterile seawater or exposure to lower (550 mg L−1) concentrations of H2O2 was sufficient to result in high apparent levels of surface sterility (<1 cfu egg−1). 相似文献
13.
Light spatfalls of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, have occurred in the estuaries of the Rivers Exe, Teign and Dart (Devon) and in the Menai Strait (Gwynedd), near to sites of commercial cultivation of this species. Comparisons of the sizes of the naturally settled oysters with hatchery oysters suggests that the spat from the River Teign and Menai Strait settled in 1989 and 1990. The springs and summers of these years were exceptionally warm with mean monthly air temperatures 0.8°-1.3°C above the 1951–1980 average for the period April to August. Although sitings of Pacific oyster spat were made in Loch Sween and Emsworth Harbour over 20 years ago, there is no evidence that self-sustaining populations have developed. The spatfalls which occurred in some coastal waters of Devon and Gwynedd in 1989 and 1990 are unlikely to sustain natural fisheries and are likely to die out as did the Portuguese oysters which occasionally settled in the River Blackwater, Essex. 相似文献
14.
15.
西北太平洋秋刀鱼耳石透明带的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2014年我国秋刀鱼捕捞船在西北太平洋采集的秋刀鱼(Cololabis saira)样本,提取1 062个耳石进行拍照处理,并根据耳石透明带特征对其进行划分,运用统计学方法研究耳石类型及与肉体长组的关系,分析各月份耳石类型变化。研究发现,83%小型鱼(Kn L≤240 mm)和71%中型鱼(240 mmKn L≤280 mm)耳石属于类型Ⅰ,大型鱼(280 mmKn L≤314 mm)和特大型鱼(Kn L314 mm)耳石类型Ⅱ、类型Ⅲ占优。肉体长在280 mm以下的类型Ⅰ耳石比例较大,耳石没有形成透明带,随着Kn L的增加,类型Ⅱ和类型Ⅲ在肉体长组的比例增加。耳石透明带最早在202 mm时开始形成,秋刀鱼耳石第1条透明带主要在260~280 mm之间形成,以中型鱼为主;秋刀鱼耳石第2条透明带主要在290~310 mm之间形成,以大型鱼为主。雌性和雄性秋刀鱼耳石在各耳石类型下无显著差别(P=0.0640.05)。耳石类型Ⅰ比例在月份间变化大,在10月和11月份耳石类型Ⅰ比例占优,分别为44.1%和36.4%,多为小型和中型鱼,6月和7月份耳石类型Ⅱ和类型Ⅲ比例大约为40%,多数为大型和特大型鱼,表明大型鱼比小型和中型鱼早到达索饵场进行索饵。 相似文献
16.
S J Handley 《Aquaculture Research》2002,33(13):1019-1030
Experiments were designed to determine the optimum intertidal rack height and growing density for producing Pacific oysters free of mudworm infestations and flatworm predators in the Houhora Harbour, northern New Zealand. At the same level, oysters grew to a larger size in the front of the farm (seaward) compared with those towards the rear (shoreward). Two experimental ‘step racks’ were constructed to test for the optimum oyster growth rates, oyster condition, shell density and degree of mudworm shell blistering. When experimental results were ranked for each rack level, extreme low water neap (ELWN) was the optimum growing level for the back of the farm, and 0.25 m above ELWN was the optimum growing level for the front of the farm. An efficient kill of flatworm predators was not achieved by any of the control methods tried, so avoidance of infestations is advised. The optimum density of oysters on a 1.2‐m stick required to achieve maximum condition, shell density and ideal shell shape was 4–5 dozen. 相似文献
17.
Pond production of Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,fed grain distillers dried yeast 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of four diets formulated to contain increasing levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 g kg?1 of diet) of grain distillers dried yeast (GDDY) in production diets for Litopenaeus vannamei, reared in outdoor tanks or production ponds. The production pond trial was carried out in 16, 0.1‐ha ponds using four replicates per diet. Juvenile shrimp (38.1 ± 4.26 mg, initial weight) were stocked at 30 shrimp m?2 for a 16‐week period. The same four diets and a commercial reference diet were offered to shrimp maintained in outdoor tanks over a 12‐week period. A total of 20 tanks were stocked with juvenile shrimp (3.05 ± 0.22 g, initial weight) obtained from production ponds at a density of 30 shrimp per tank (40 shrimp m?2). At the conclusion of these trials, mean final weight ranged from 19.77 to 23.05 g, yield ranged between 4760 and 5606 kg ha?1, survival ranged from 69.6% to 89.4%, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was between 1.02 and 1.23. Shrimp reared in the outdoor tanks confirmed the results of the pond trial. Mean final weight ranged between 18.12 and 18.97 g, survival ranged from 93.3% to 98.3%, and FCR was between 1.25 and 1.29. In both trials, there were no significant differences regarding mean final weight, FCR and survival among dietary treatments. Based on this study, GDDY up to 150 g kg?1 of diet can be used in L. vannamei commercial feed formulation. 相似文献
18.
P K Hershberger J L Gregg L M Hart S Moffitt R Brenner K Stick E Coonradt E O Otis J J Vollenweider K A Garver J Lovy T R Meyers 《Journal of fish diseases》2016,39(4):395-410
The protistan parasite Ichthyophonus occurred in populations of Pacific herring Clupea pallasii Valenciennes throughout coastal areas of the NE Pacific, ranging from Puget Sound, WA north to the Gulf of Alaska, AK. Infection prevalence in local Pacific herring stocks varied seasonally and annually, and a general pattern of increasing prevalence with host size and/or age persisted throughout the NE Pacific. An exception to this zoographic pattern occurred among a group of juvenile, age 1+ year Pacific herring from Cordova Harbor, AK in June 2010, which demonstrated an unusually high infection prevalence of 35%. Reasons for this anomaly were hypothesized to involve anthropogenic influences that resulted in locally elevated infection pressures. Interannual declines in infection prevalence from some populations (e.g. Lower Cook Inlet, AK; from 20–32% in 2007 to 0–3% during 2009–13) or from the largest size cohorts of other populations (e.g. Sitka Sound, AK; from 62.5% in 2007 to 19.6% in 2013) were likely a reflection of selective mortality among the infected cohorts. All available information for Ichthyophonus in the NE Pacific, including broad geographic range, low host specificity and presence in archived Pacific herring tissue samples dating to the 1980s, indicate a long‐standing host–pathogen relationship. 相似文献
19.
20.
Hiroshi HOSHIKAWA Hisami KUWAHARA Ken-ichiro TAJIMA Tadashi KAWAI Tomonori KANETA Fujinori TSUDA 《Fisheries Science》2004,70(5):772-779
ABSTRACT: The spawning bed selection of herring Clupea pallasii off Minedomari, Atsuta, on the west coast of Hokkaido, Japan, is discussed in relation to the topography of the rocky shore and wave conditions during the spawning season. From 1998 to 2003, herring have spawned their eggs mainly on the leaves of the seagrass Phyllospadix iwatensis Makino in almost the same site on the rocky shore off Minedomari in the Atsuta area. The site is connected to a valley-like feature offshore. Wave conditions were surveyed at Minedomari during the spawning season in 2000 and the wave height was estimated from 1998 to 2003, except for in 2000, using the correlation of wave height between Minedomari and Ishikari Bay New Port, approximately 18 km south-west of Minedomari. Herring spawned under calm conditions, during which the wave height was approximately 0.5 m off Atusta and Aoshima and was 0.18–1.28 m off Minedomari. The distribution of water particle velocity on the sea bottom surface as a result of ocean waves off the Minedomari area, which was estimated based on the wave height and the topography of the coast, suggested herring could swim easily into the shallower area along the valley-like feature off Minedomari. Therefore, topographical features are thought to be one of the reasons why herring have used Minedomari as a spawning bed. Additionally, seepage of freshwater from the bottom, which was observed in this area, could also be the reason why herring spawn in Minedomari repeatedly. 相似文献