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SummaryMature green mango fruit (Mangifera indica L. ‘Kensington Pride’) were stored at 0, 5, 10, 15 or 20°C for 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 or 28 d to induce different levels of chilling injury (CI) and to elucidate its relationship with aroma volatile production. The fruit were removed from storage and allowed to ripen at 22 ± 1°C and CI index was assessed on fully ripe fruit. Aroma volatile compounds were estimated from the pulp of fully ripe fruit. CI index significantly increased as the storage temperature was lowered and the storage period was extended, particularly in the fruit stored at 0, 5 or 10°C. CI symptoms did not develop on fruit stored at 15 or 20°C. Fifty-six aroma volatile compounds were identified from mango fruit pulp using headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique with gas chromatography (GC-FID) and GC combined with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Among the 56 aroma volatile compounds, 25 were quantified using GC, which included monoterpenes (±-pinene, ²-pinene, myrcene, 2-carene, ±-phellandrene, 3-carene, ±-terpinene, limonene, ocimine, ³-terpinene, ±-terpinolene, and a-terpineol), sesquiterpenes (±-copaene, ±-gurjunene, trans-carophyllene, aromadendrane, ±-humulene, alloaromadendrane, ³-gurjunene, and ledene), hydrocarbon (p-cymene), esters (methyl octanoate and ethyl caprylate), aldehyde (decanal), and norisoprenoid (²-ionone). A significant reduction in total aroma volatiles, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, hydrocarbon, esters, aldehyde, and norisoprenoid production were observed in fruit stored at 0, 5, 10 or 15°C compared with fruit stored at 20°C. The degree of reduction in aroma volatile compounds depended on the severity of CI, induced with different storage temperatures and storage periods. In conclusion lower temperature storage induced CI in mango fruit and adversely affected the aroma volatiles production. 相似文献
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L. J. Van Lelyveld J. P. Bower 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):257-263
After storage at 5.5°C for 31 days avocado fruit turned black round the seed in response to being placed in sealed containers for short periods, waxing the skin or wrapping in cellophane. All the treatments increased the shelf-life but at the expense of flesh discoloration except in the case of cellophane wrapping. Discoloration was associated with increased activities of both polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase but total phenol concentrations and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activities were not affected. The results suggest that low temperature storage predisposes mesocarp blackening and this is brought about by further anearobic conditions. 相似文献
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T. Nishizawa T. Kobayashi T. Aikawa 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):500-508
SummaryFruit development and physiological traits were evaluated in ‘Andesu’ netted melon plants grown with and without calcium. Calcium exclusion accelerated softening, alcoholic fermentation and ethylene evolution of fruit compared with those supplied with calcium, but the opposite trend occurred with sucrose accumulation. A significant difference of calcium concentrations in the fruit between treatments was observed at the developing stage of the fruit (P<0.05), but the difference became smaller as fruit matured. In the mesocarp tissue from the basal hemisphere, calcium concentrations in the NaCl soluble fraction at ripe fruit stage differed significantly (P<0.05) between calcium treatments but no significant difference was detected in the inner mesocarp of the distal hemisphere. Calcium exclusion did not lead to the development of water-soaked symptoms in the mesocarp tissue of ripe fruit. Uronic acid concentrations in ionically bound pectin fraction did not differ between calcium treatments throughout fruit development. In covalently-bound pectin fraction, however, uronic acid concentration of ripe fruit was significantly lower in calcium-excluded plants than in calcium-supplied plants (P<0.05). Our results suggest that: first, accelerated fruit softening under calcium deficient conditions might result from promoted ethylene evolution rather than from the shortage of ionically-bound calcium in cell walls, second, calcium deficient condition does not necessarily lead to water-soaked symptoms in tissue of ‘Andesu’ melon fruit. 相似文献
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Quality and volatile attributes of attached and detached ‘Pluk Mai Lie’ papaya during fruit ripening
The ‘Pluk Mai Lie’ papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a promising cultivated fruit for use in fresh and processed products due to its firm flesh, but the aroma it releases is flat. Changes in quality and volatile profiles were analyzed during on- and off-tree fruit ripening. Detached fruit ripened faster than attached fruit, accumulating high internal ethylene levels. Aside from peel color, which was redder in on-tree ripened fruit, most quality attributes changed similarly in the two ripening situations. A slight increase in total soluble solids (TSS) was measured from the onset of the preclimacteric stage, whereas titratable acidity (TA) remained stable throughout the development. Whereas 2-ethyl-1-hexanol was found specifically in green fruit, ethyl octanoate emerged only in fully-ripe fruit. Furthermore, benzyl isothiocyanate was the most abundant volatile and was present in fruit at every stage except full ripening. The production of total esters, highly correlated with a loss of firmness and an increase in cavity ethylene accumulation, was about 10-fold higher in off-tree ripened fruit. The levels of methanol and ethanol sources in fruit increased steadily throughout ripening, with esters formed from ethyl alcohol predominating from the half-ripe through the senescence phases. The alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the mesocarp increased dramatically during the early ripening stages, whereas alcohol acetyltransferase was active throughout ripening. No difference in volatile profiles was found in the papaya fruit during on-tree and postharvest ripening. 相似文献
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The role of methyl jasmonate (MJ) in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv Pajaro) fruit ripening was investigated by monitoring its endogenous concentrations in fruit at various stages of development and the effects of exogenously applied MJ at these stages on ethylene biosynthesis. The concentration of endogenous trans-MJ was significantly higher in the white fruit (31.7–162.2 ng g−1) and decreased sharply in half and fully ripe fruit. Higher concentrations of endogenous trans-MJ at the white stage of strawberry fruit development followed by a decline during fruit ripening indicate that MJ may play an important role in modulating fruit ripening. Significantly increased ethylene production was measured in the fruit when MJ was applied at white, half ripe and at fully ripe stage. The application of MJ (50 μM) resulted in significantly highest ethylene production and increased activities of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase as compared to all other treatments. The effect of exogenously applied MJ on ethylene production, ACC synthase and ACC oxidase activities was dependent on concentration of MJ applied and on fruit developmental stage. In conclusion, MJ in strawberry modulates fruit ripening, as its concentration is higher in white fruit and is declined with the progression of ripening and exogenous application of MJ increases ethylene production, activities of ACC oxidase and ACC synthase depending upon the concentration of MJ applied and fruit developmental stage. 相似文献
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嫁接对网纹甜瓜果实发育、糖含量及蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的影响 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
试验研究了嫁接对日光温室栽培的网纹甜瓜果实发育、糖含量及蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的影响。结果表明: 嫁接加快了果实的膨大速度, 但对中果肉厚度影响不大; 降低了网纹甜瓜中果肉内的果糖、葡萄糖含量; 改变了网纹甜瓜蔗糖积累模式, 嫁接网纹甜瓜中果肉内蔗糖积累时间较自根提前了7 d左右,蔗糖含量高于自根; 但嫁接降低了网纹甜瓜中果肉的总糖含量及酸性转化酶(AI) 和中性转化酶(NI) 活性, 提高了蔗糖磷酸合成酶( SPS) 和蔗糖合成酶( SS) 活性。 相似文献
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Y. Z. Liu E. A. Li C. Q. Yang 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):693-700
SummaryBoron (B)-deficiency is a nutritional problem in the citrus industry worldwide. Under B-deficient conditions, symptoms such as corky split veins, small fruit, low tree vigour, and low fruit yield appear. In this study, we investigated the anatomical responses of mature leaves and the albedo of mature fruit of HB pummelo [Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck] to B-deficiency. Under B-deficient conditions, the numbers of parenchyma cells in the vascular bundles of the leaf and fruit mesocarp increased significantly. The ratio of the area of the phloem to the area of the vascular bundle also increased, while the ratio of the area of the xylem to the area of the vascular bundle decreased in both tissues. Moreover, we observed alterations in the xylem elements under B-deficient conditions. The average lengths of xylem vessels were 216.7 µm and 175.4 µm in leaf main veins and in fruit mesocarp, respectively, both significantly lower than the corresponding values in B-sufficient control plants. However, B-deficiency reduced the average diameter of xylem vessels only in leaf main veins. On the other hand, B-deficiency increased the numbers of pitted vessels to 63 and 59 among 100 xylem vessels sampled at random in leaf main veins and in the fruit mesocarp of B-deficient pummelos, respectively, while the corresponding numbers were 43 and 35, respectively, under B-sufficient conditions. B-deficiency also decreased the numbers of scalariform and reticulated vessels. Possible mechanisms for these anatomical modifications under B-deficient conditions are discussed. 相似文献
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AIM: To investigate the role of resveatrol among red wine on the proliferation, activity of NF-κB and the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) induced by xanthine and xanthine oxidase in cultured rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC). METHODS: SMC proliferation was examined by 3-4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2, 5-diphenylte tra zoliumbromide (MTT) metabolism, activity of NF-κB, the protein and mRNA expression of MCP-1 were detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), immunohistochemitry and in situ hybridyzation in cultured rabbit aortic SMC. RESULTS: 100 μmol/L-200 μmol/L resveatrol (RES), an effective composition in red wine, was confirmed to inhibit metabolism and the activity of NF-κB as well as the protein and mRNA expression of MCP-1 in rabbit aortic SMC, which were promoted by the oxygen free radicals induced by xanthine and xanthine oxidase. CONCLUSION: Resveatrol may antagonist oxygen free radicals-induced proliferation and the activity of NF-κB as well as protein and mRNA expression of MCP-1 in cultured rabbit aortic SMC, which might play an important role in preventing atherosclerosis. 相似文献
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本实验对柠檬黄蜡伞子实体的石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水相的抑菌活性进行了初步研究,并利用GC-MS对石油醚相成分进行了分析。结果表明,石油醚和乙酸乙酯相提取物对沙门氏菌、链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌均有抑制作用,乙酸乙酯提取物的抑菌作用大于石油醚提取物的抑菌作用。浓度为50 mg.mL-1时,乙酸乙酯层提取物抑菌率最高,针对以上4种细菌抑菌率分别为55.08%、42.97%、61.10%和50.08%,MIC值均为3.125 mg.mL-1。经GC-MS联用仪从石油醚萃取物中鉴定出5个化合物。 相似文献
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华冠果实芳香物质成分的GC/MS分析 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6
通过GC-MS分析,从华冠果实中检出70种不同成分的芳香物质。主要的物质为乙醇、乙酸乙酯、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、丙酮、甲醇、乙醚、正已烷、二十七烷、1-甲氧基丁烷、1,2-苯二羧酸二异辛酯、丙酸乙酯等13种物质,占芳香物质总含量的91%。华冠果实中含有正丁醇、1,2-苯二羧酸二异辛酯2种主要的特殊芳香物质。过高的醇类物质含量和比例变化改变了芳香物质平衡,尤其是正丁醇和2-甲基丁醇等C4-C5饱和醇的比例升高导致了华冠中特殊香味的产生,同时羟酸的含量义对异香味的产生有一定的抑制作用。 相似文献
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用超滤法将蛹虫草(Cordyceps militaris)子实体水提物分为＜10 kDa(PW1)、10～100 kDa(PW2)、100～300 kDa(PW3)、300～750 kDa(PW4)和＞750 kDa(PW5)5个部分,并测定了这5部分的总糖含量、单糖组成及其对巨噬细胞释放NO产量的影响.结果表明,蛹虫草粗提物总得率(PW1～PW5之和)为38.35％,其中PW1得率最高(36.482％),其次是PW2(1.822％),PW3～PW5的得率都很低;各部分的总糖含量都较高(45.70％～60.48％).单糖组成分析表明,各部分的多糖分别由3～6种单糖组成,其中甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖为主要单糖.PW2～PW5均具有刺激巨噬细胞释放NO的活性,且随着浓度的增加活性增强. 相似文献
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Li-Ping Hu Fan-Zhen Meng Shao-Hui Wang Xiao-Lei Sui Wei Li Yu-Xia Wei Jian-Lei Sun Zhen-Xian Zhang 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009
Levels of carbohydrates and activities of metabolic enzymes were examined in leaves (source), phloem sap (flow) and mesocarp tissues (sink) in the course of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) fruit development, from 2 days before anthesis to 20 days after anthesis. While total sugar levels increased in all the three sampling organs, starch levels declined in leaves and mesocarp tissues as fruit development progressed. Glucose and fructose were the primary contributors to the soluble sugar pools in mature leaves. Stachyose was found as the most important component of the phloem sap extracts, followed by sucrose and raffinose. However, the primary sugars accumulated in mesocarp tissues were glucose and fructose, not stachyose or sucrose. Activities of sucrose synthesizing enzymes (sucrose phosphate synthase plus sucrose synthase in the synthesizing direction) exceeded that of sucrose degrading enzymes (acid invertase, neutral invertase plus sucrose synthase in the degrading direction) in leaves, which might cause a sucrose pool utilized in raffinose and stachyose biosynthesis. While alkaline a-galactosidase form I activity declined, stachyose synthase activity showed a rapid increase until 12 days after anthesis and only subsequently decreased in leaves. Activities of sucrose degrading enzymes were always much higher than that of sucrose synthesizing enzymes in mesocarp tissues. Thus, sucrose accumulation could not occur in mesocarp tissues. While stachyose synthase activity steadily decreased, alkaline a-galactosidase form I activity showed a moderate increase before decrease in mesocarp tissues. The relationship between levels of soluble sugars and activities of relative enzymes was also discussed. 相似文献
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Pilar Rallo 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):408-412
SUMMARYWe examined growth and development of the ‘Manzanilla’ olive fruit mesocarp in transverse equatorial sections during the first 12 weeks after full bloom (AFB). Sequential sampling and quantitative data provided an integrated view of the formation of this tissue. The mesocarp, or fruit flesh, was formed by relatively isodiametric parenchyma cells with a small number of isolated sclereids. By four weeks AFB a gradient in cell size characteristic of mature olive fruits began to appear. Biweekly measurements of cell size and number indicated that, as in other drupes, both cell division and expansion contribute to initial mesocarp growth. From six weeks AFB, further mesocarp growth was determined solely by cell expansion. Transverse areas of mesocarp and endocarp, also measured biweekly, revealed that both tissues expand in a similar manner until eight weeks AFB, after which mesocarp growth predominated. 相似文献
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钾对厚皮甜瓜成熟果实中芳香物构成及含量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以4种不同钾肥量追施处理厚皮甜瓜中蜜5号后,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)测定了成熟果实中的芳香物成分，分别在低量钾肥、中量钾肥(CK)、中高量钾肥和高量钾肥处理中检测出32、35、34、39种芳香成分，各占其总峰面积的96.78 %、98.39 %、95.27 %、90.95 %。随钾肥施用量增加，果实中挥发性酯类物质与醇类物质的相对含量变化趋势相反。不同钾肥量处理成熟甜瓜果实特征芳香成分中，(E,Z)3,6-壬二烯-1-醇、(Z)-6-壬烯-1-醇乙酸酯、2，3-丁二醇二乙酸酯、2-甲基丁酸乙酯、（6Z）壬烯-1-醇、（Z）3-壬烯-1-醇等相对含量存在显著性差异，特征香气含量随钾肥施用量的增加而呈现先增加后降低的趋势，以适量钾肥处理（9.6 g·株-1）为最佳，果实品质最好。 相似文献
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H. Hayama A. Ito T. Shimada Y. Kashimura 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):651-655
SummaryChanges in cellulose content and the accumulation of PpCesA1 mRNA, putatively encoding the catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase (CesA), were analysed in endocarp and mesocarp during endocarp hardening in peach fruit. The cellulose content of the endocarp was undetectable or very low [< 0.1 mg g–1 fresh weight (FW) of endocarp] until 48 d after full bloom (DAFB), but began to increase rapidly at 55 DAFB, when the endocarp had attained its maximum size, and reached 4.4 mg g–1 FW of endocarp at 85 DAFB. In contrast, the cellulose content of the mesocarp reached a detectable level (1.5 mg g–1 FW of mesocarp) at 34 DAFB, stayed at this level until 85 DAFB, but then was lower at 107 DAFB. PpCesA1 mRNA was detected in the endocarp throughout the hardening, but was undetectable in the mesocarp. It is suggested that PpCesA1 has a role in the rapid synthesis of cellulose in the secondary cell walls of endocarp tissue during hardening. 相似文献
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桃果实维管束的分布及解剖研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解桃果实输导组织分布及结构特征, 以‘大久保’桃果实为试材, 观察了维管束系统的分支体系和分布状况, 并用石蜡切片技术对维管束组织的解剖结构进行了系统观察。结果表明, 桃果实中的维管束分为骨干、分支和毛细3级, 其中骨干维管束又分为种胚维管束、内果皮维管束和中果皮维管束(腹维管束、背维管束及分布在内果皮两侧着生于果柄的维管束) , 分别为种仁、内果皮、中果皮的物质运输通道。种胚维管束韧皮部极其发达, 并伴有三生结构; 内果皮中分布的维管束韧皮部发达; 腹维管束、背维管束粗大且分支较多, 兼具发达的韧皮部及木质部。分支维管束和毛细微管束主要分布在中果皮中。毛细维管束的特点是韧皮部处有腔, 腔体随着果实的发育不断扩大。形态和结构上的不同是与其功能相适应的, 由此推测种仁和内果皮发育需要的营养物质以有机营养为主, 中果皮发育需要的营养物质则涵括有机物、无机物、水分。 相似文献