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1.
30只成年妊娠SD大鼠随机分为A，B，C3组，在妊娠13－20d给A组和B组大鼠每天分别腹腔注射2.9mg/kg和5.5mg/kg胆酸，C组同步注射等量生理盐水。妊娠21d时宰杀母鼠，剖腹取胎，测定胎儿体重，胚胎成活率。并采集母体和胎儿血样，测定IGF－2、胰岛素和代谢物水平。结果表明，低剂量胆酸注射导致胎儿成活率降低7．02％，胎儿血浆IGF－2升高及乳酸和总蛋白水平降低，母体血浆IGF－2和胰岛素水平降低。较大剂量胆酸注射使胎儿成活率和体重分别下降38．27％和7．33％，血浆IGF－2、胰岛素和总蛋白水平下降。结果提示长期胆酸负荷对胎儿生长发育产生严重影响，胎儿死亡率增加及生长迟缓与IGF－2、胰岛素水平降低有关。  相似文献   

2.
:6只成年考力代妊娠母羊 ,经 2周适应饲养后随机分为两组。在安装颈静脉血管瘘后 ,一组通过颈静脉瘘管灌注胆酸 ( 2mg/kg) ,另一组同步灌注等量的生理盐水。间隔 1 4天灌注 1次 ,直至分娩。在灌注前和灌注后每天定时采取血样 ,测定血浆IGF -1水平 ,研究绵羊围产期血浆IGF -1的动态变化及胆酸负荷对其的影响。结果表明 ,围产期母羊血浆IGF -1正常水平在 572 .1 0± 2 0 7.1 5ng/ml～ 787.1 2±4 2 .33ng/ml之间 ,没有明显的动态变化规律。但分娩后的IGF -1平均水平显著低于分娩前平均值 ,分别是 639.54± 56.37ng/ml和 70 5.2 1± 52 .2 4ng/ml(P <0 .0 5)。胆酸灌注组母羊妊娠后期血浆IGF -1水平平均为 62 5.2 8± 85.56ng/ml,比对照母羊低 (P <0 .0 5)。本研究提示妊娠后期绵羊母体血浆高水平的IGF -1可能与胎儿生长发育有关 ;胆酸负荷可能影响了妊娠母体的肝功能或胎盘的调节作用  相似文献   

3.
旨在通过对鄂尔多斯细毛羊母羊颈静脉灌注L-精氨酸,研究其对鄂尔多斯细毛羊母羊妊娠后期（90-140d）胎儿生长与发育的影响。试验选择22只母羊,在90 d开始灌注115μmol L-Arg-HCl/kg体重（Arg1组）、155μmol L-Arg-HCl/kg体重（Arg2组）和生理盐水（对照组）,3次/d。妊娠第115天和第140天,进行实验母羊孕体检查,并记录胎儿体重、器官重量和体尺长度,收集母体及胎儿血浆测定血浆氨基酸浓度。结果表明,母羊妊娠第140天,Arg2组较Arg1组和对照组显著增加了胎儿心脏和肝脏重量（P〈0.05）。母羊妊娠第115天和第140天,灌注L-精氨酸显著增加母体血浆精氨酸和鸟氨酸浓度（P≤0.01）,增加胎儿血浆生糖氨基酸（苏氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苯丙氨酸和赖氨酸）浓度（P≤0.05）。  相似文献   

4.
妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy,ICP)是孕妇在妊娠晚期出现的以瘙痒和黄疸为特征的肝病,是一种高危产科疾病,严重影响胎儿的健康.为了更好地研究ICP的发病机制,本试验以妊娠母羊为动物模型,分别通过大剂量(2 mg/kg)和小剂量(1.1 mg/kg)的胆酸盐静脉灌注怀孕后期的母羊,同时进行胎儿血管造瘘手术,目的是研究ICP的发病模型和胆酸对胎儿和新生儿的影响机制.结果显示,给妊娠母羊大剂量多次静脉灌注胆酸盐,引起母体难产,导致胎儿宫内窘迫和死亡;小剂量灌注,导致胎儿的低出生重,但胎儿在出生后15 d时,羔羊的体质量与正常的羔羊没有差异,体现了追赶生长的特性.结果表明以妊娠母羊为动物模型,通过静脉灌注胆酸盐可以作为研究妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症的疾病模型,为进一步探索ICP发病时胆酸对胎儿的影响机制提供实验依据.  相似文献   

5.
本试验旨在研究妊娠早期饲粮中添加N-氨甲酰谷氨酸（NCG）对母羊胚胎存活及相关血液指标的影响,并对其作用机制进行初步探讨。选择发情正常、健康状况良好的湖羊50只,随机分为2组（对照组和NCG试验组）,每组25只母羊,自配种当天开始给母羊分别饲喂基础饲粮（对照组）和基础饲粮+0.11%NCG（NCG组）,饲喂期38 d。测定妊娠第19和38天母羊血浆游离氨基酸、总一氧化氮合酶（TNOS）、内皮型一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）、一氧化氮（NO）、雌二醇、孕酮的浓度;38 d时每组各屠宰7只妊娠母羊,测定妊娠母羊的黄体数和活胎儿数等指标。结果显示,与对照组相比,妊娠第38天时,NCG组每只母羊总胎儿数增加了79.72%（P<0.05）,活胎儿数增加了79.72%（P<0.05）,胎儿形成指数增加了0.26（P<0.05）,胎水体积增加了72.89%（P<0.05）,活胎儿总重提高了71.13% （P<0.05）;NCG组妊娠第19天的甘氨酸、蛋氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸、NO、iNOS、eNOS和孕酮的浓度显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,NCG组妊娠第19天的瓜氨酸和脯氨酸极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）;NCG组妊娠第38天的精氨酸、脯氨酸和NO显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,NCG组妊娠第38天的iNOS和eNOS的浓度极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）。由此,妊娠早期饲粮中添加NCG提高了胚胎和胎儿的存活,增加了妊娠母羊第38天的总胎儿数和活胎儿数,改善了母羊的繁殖性能,其作用机制可能是NCG促进了母羊内源性精氨酸的合成,提高了母羊血浆精氨酸、NO和孕酮含量,改善了子宫内环境和营养供给,使之有利于胚胎着床和妊娠维持。  相似文献   

6.
为了测定小反刍动物瘟疫（ＰＰＲ）病毒母体免疫的持续时间以及妊娠对这种持续时间的影响，研究人员用抗－ＰＰＲ疫苗给１１１９只母羊（１７．５％绵羊，８２．５％山羊）接种。血清学检测结果表明，未接种羊ＰＰＲ病毒抗体总流行率为７８．４％，生于接种母羊的幼龄羊中，在０－３０日龄８８．５％证实有抗－ＰＰＲ抗体，１５０天时有４０．５％，１８０天时有７．７％。０和２个月之间接种的母羊以及５个月时接种的母羊，母体免疫的持续时间没有差异。但是，在５个月时接种的母羊产下的３－４个月龄的幼龄羊，只有６５％仍有ＰＰＲ病毒抗…  相似文献   

7.
本试验旨在研究母体低营养对绵羊胎儿胰腺发育、间质上皮转化及胰腺功能的影响，选择同期受孕单胎蒙古绵羊18只，在妊娠90 d时随机分为3个营养水平处理组，即母体低营养1组(MU1组日代谢能采食水平为0.18 MJ/BW0.75·d,n=6)、母体低营养2组(MU2组日代谢能采食水平为0.33 MJ/BW0.75·d,n=6)和自由采食组(CG组日代谢能采食水平为0.67 MJ/BW0.75·d,n=6)，饲喂至妊娠第140天时屠宰母羊取胎儿及其胰腺。结果表明：随着母体营养水平的降低，MU2组和MU1组胎儿胰腺重依次降低，其中MU1组胎儿胰腺重低于CG组(P<0.05)，而病理学评分依次升高且MU1组(P<0.01)和MU2组(P<0.05)高于CG组。随着母羊营养限饲程度加深，MU1组胎儿胰腺上皮细胞标记蛋白钙粘蛋白(PCDH8)表达升高(P<0.05)，而间质细胞标记蛋白OB-钙粘蛋白(OB-cadherin)和波形蛋白(VIM)、胰腺胰岛素和胰高血糖素含量降低(P<0.05)。MU2组胰腺胰...  相似文献   

8.
本试验旨在研究补喂瓜氨酸对妊娠90 d湖羊母羊繁殖性能和泌乳性能的影响,为瓜氨酸在湖羊母羊中的应用提供科学依据。试验选取妊娠90 d的湖羊母羊50只,随机分成2组,每组25只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加瓜氨酸10 g/d进行补喂。试验一直进行到母羊产后45 d,记录羔羊初生重和45日龄体重。每组选取6只母羊,测定产后16 ~ 30 d泌乳量及乳成分变化,采集母羊产后第15、30、45天晨饲前颈静脉血样。结果表明：与对照组相比,试验组羔羊初生重极显著提高了19.6%（P < 0.01）|试验组羔羊45日龄体重显著提高了6%（P < 0.05）|试验组母羊产后第16 ~ 30天平均日泌乳量和总泌乳量分别极显著提高了19.6%（P < 0.01）|试验组母羊产后第1天乳蛋白率极显著提高了20%（P < 0.01）|试验组母羊产后第7 ~ 15天以及20 ~ 30天乳脂率分别极显著提高了21%和16.7%（P < 0.01）|试验组母羊产后第15天血浆中催乳素（PRL）含量极显著提高了167%（P < 0.01）,其血浆中孕酮（P4）含量显著降低207%（P < 0.05）|试验组母羊产后第15天和第45天血浆中促黄体生成素（LH）含量分别显著提高了86.3%和34.4%（P < 0.05）。综上所述,补喂瓜氨酸可提高羔羊初生重及母羊产后16 ~ 30 d日均泌乳量、乳成分和血浆中PRL、LH含量,降低血浆中P4含量,改善母羊繁殖性能和泌乳性能。 [关键词] 瓜氨酸|湖羊母羊|泌乳性能|繁殖性能  相似文献   

9.
试验采用放牧+补饲的方式,分别利用玉米秸秆和小麦秸秆全价颗粒饲料在冷季对妊娠后期甘肃高山细毛羊进行补饲,测定妊娠后期母羊体重、血清生化指标、瘤胃液发酵参数及羔羊初生重。试验选取体况相近且健康的妊娠后期母羊60只,随机分为3组,每组20只。试验组补饲营养量根据中国美利奴羊妊娠后期母羊的饲养标准确定（扣除放牧采食量）,试验组Ⅰ补饲小麦秸秆全价颗粒饲料（1.19 kg/（只·d））,试验组Ⅱ补饲玉米秸秆全价颗粒饲料（1.19 kg/（只·d））,对照组按牧民传统方式（玉米0.05 kg/（只·d）、燕麦草0.2 kg/（只·d））补饲,正试期60 d。结果表明,试验组妊娠母羊的平均日增重、羔羊初生重均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,而两试验组间无显著差异（P>0.05）;试验组妊娠母羊血液总蛋白、白蛋白、葡萄糖、总胆固醇浓度及谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶和乳酸脱氢酶活性均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;试验组妊娠母羊瘤胃液中总氮、蛋白氮、挥发性脂肪酸浓度和丙酸摩尔比均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,而乙酸摩尔比显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。综上所述,补饲小麦秸秆或玉米秸秆全价颗粒饲料均可改善妊娠后期甘肃高山细毛羊营养状况,促进羔羊的生长发育。  相似文献   

10.
试验研究了半胱胺（Cs）对藏绵羊羔羊初生重及断奶重的影响。将20只妊娠（125±5）d的母羊随机分为2组（试验组和对照组）,在试验组日粮精料中添加300 mg/（kg·BW）的Cs,隔日添加1次,试验期90 d。于分娩后及时将初生羔羊称重,哺乳2个月强制断奶并称重。试验结果表明,试验组精料中添加Cs使藏绵羊羔羊初生重提高8.33%,2月龄断奶重提高13.73%。  相似文献   

11.
About 30% of U.S. women of reproductive age are obese, a condition linked to offspring obesity and diabetes. This study utilized an ovine model of maternal obesity in which ewes are overfed to induce obesity at conception and throughout gestation. At mid-gestation, fetuses from these obese ewes are macrosomic, hyperglycemic, and hyperinsulinemic, and they exhibited markedly increased pancreatic weight and β-cell numbers compared with fetuses of ewes fed to requirements. This study was conducted to establish fetal pancreatic phenotype and function in late gestation and at term in this ovine model. Multiparous ewes were fed a control (C, 100% National Research Council [NRC] recommendations) or obesogenic (OB, 150% NRC) diet from 60 days before conception to necropsy at day 135 of gestation or to lambing. No differences were observed in fetal size or weight on day 135 or in lamb birth weights between C and OB ewes. In contrast to our previously published results at mid-gestation, pancreatic weights (P < 0.01) and β-cell numbers (P < 0.05) of OB fetuses were markedly lower than those from C fetuses, whereas the β-cell apoptotic rate was increased (P < 0.05) in day 135 OB versus C fetuses. At birth, blood insulin concentration was lower (P < 0.05) and glucose level was higher (P < 0.05) in newborn lambs from OB versus C ewes. These data demonstrate differential impacts of maternal obesity on fetal pancreatic growth and β-cell numbers during early and late gestation. During the first half of gestation there was a marked increase in pancreatic growth, β-cell proliferation, and insulin secretion, followed by a reduction in pancreatic growth and β-cell numbers in late gestation, resulting in reduced circulating insulin at term. It is speculated that the failure of the pancreas to return to a normal cellular composition and function postnatally could result in glucose/insulin dysregulation, leading to obesity, glucose intolerance, and diabetes in postnatal life.  相似文献   

12.
The onset of growth retardation was investigated in fetal lambs following experimental infection of pregnant ewes with Border Disease virus ( ) on day 53 of pregnancy. Fetuses from control and infected ewes were harvested at weekly intervals between day 60 and day 95 of gestation and morphometric studies were completed on tibial radiographs and tibial growth cartilage metaphyseal junctions. Mean tibial areas were significantly reduced (P<0·01) in fetuses from infected ewes at 35 and 42 days after infection and growth cartilage metaphyseal junctions were less mature in fetuses from infected ewes at 42 days after infection. Positive immunostaining for BDV antigen was demonstrated in the brains of all fetuses from infected ewes between 14 and 42 days after infection. Attempts to demonstrate BDV antigen in bone proved unsuccessful. It is concluded that intrauterine growth retardation is an early manifestation of BDV infection in lambs and that the process is initiated shortly following infection of the fetus.  相似文献   

13.
The relationships between placental lactogen (PL), insulin-like growth factor (IGF) -1 and -2, insulin, glucose and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were studied in 10 triplet-bearing ewes in late gestation (120-129 days) which were on ad libitum feeding. To extend the range of plasma metabolite concentrations the ewes received a continuous abomasal infusion from 100 days of gestation until delivery. Three were infused with glucose (160 g/day), 2 received sodium caseinate and 3 were infused with control fluid alone. From 120 days the animals were fed 3 hourly intervals from a belt feeder to achieve steady state and at 125-130 days had intravenous plasma samples pooled for analysis. There was no effect of nutritional supplementation on birth weight. Casein supplementation was associated with reduced maternal PL concentrations but glucose supplementation had no effect on PL concentrations. Circulating PL concentrations showed a positive correlation to IGF-2 activity (r = 0.64, P less than 0.05) and a negative relation to IGF-1 concentrations (r = -0.73, P less than 0.05). IGF-1 levels were higher (P less than 0.05) and IGF-2 levels were lower (P less than 0.05) in nutritionally supplemented ewes. In the ewe, NEFA concentrations showed a negative relationship to IGF-1 (r = -0.75, P less than 0.05) and a positive relationship with IGF-2 (r = 0.87, P less than 0.1). Similar relationships were observed in the ewe at term. These observations suggest that nutritional factors and PL may be important determinants of IGF-2 secretion in the late-gestation ewe. They suggest the possibility that IGF-2 mediates the lipolytic effects of PL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

14.
Ewes bearing more than 1 fetus are more susceptible to pregnancy toxemia than those with a single fetus. Crossbreeding programs in Israel increased the occurrences of ewes bearing more than 2 fetuses; therefore, the aim was to assess the exacerbation in the metabolic status of ewes pregnant with several fetuses. Fifty ewes, genetically developed to achieve multiple-fetus pregnancies, were monitored, on average, from d 115 of pregnancy until lambing for plasma concentrations of several key metabolites and insulin. The numbers of fetuses were examined by ultrasonography at 35 d of pregnancy. Blood samples were collected weekly, and concentrations of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), NEFA, triglycerides, cholesterol, total calcium, and insulin were determined. The average litter size was 2.75 (±1.1), and 1 (1F), 2 (2F), 3 (3F), and 4 or more (4F) fetuses were conceived, respectively, by 6 (12%), 17 (34%), 14 (28%), and 13 (26%) ewes. Total birth weights of lambs were 6.1, 9.5, 12.7, and 15.0 kg for 1F, 2F, 3F, and 4F, respectively (P < 0.001). Plasma glucose concentrations in 1F were greater than those in 3F and 4F (P < 0.05) and were similar among 2F, 3F, and 4F. Trends toward increasing plasma concentrations of BHBA and NEFA were observed as the number of fetuses increased and also as lambing approached. Plasma concentrations of BHBA and NEFA were, respectively, 3.7 (P < 0.002) and 2.1 (P < 0.001) times as great in 4F ewes as in 1F ewes. Trends toward decreased concentrations of triglycerides and cholesterol were observed as litter size increased. Insulin concentrations in blood decreased considerably as the numbers of fetuses increased and, on average, they were less by a factor of 5 in the 4F ewes than in the 1F ewes (P < 0.001). Moreover, insulin concentrations during the week before lambing were extremely low (e.g., 0.54 μIU/mL in the 4F ewes). Insulin concentrations were reduced in ewes bearing >3 fetuses, even 5 wk before lambing; this decline apparently began earlier than the last month of gestation. Therefore, it seems that insulin has a pivotal role in the etiology of pregnancy ketonemia in ewes carrying multiple fetuses. The present findings may suggest that the decline in insulin concentrations that apparently occurs in the earlier stages of pregnancy represents a homeorhetic control to spare glucose for the brains and fetoplacental units of the dams. The results clearly demonstrate the increased susceptibility to pregnancy toxemia of ewes carrying multiple fetuses. Appropriate nutritional strategies should be developed for ewes that conceive >3 fetuses, to meet the increased nutritional requirements of the fetoplacental unit.  相似文献   

15.
To determine the effects of maternal Se intake and plane of nutrition during mid or late gestation or both on AA concentrations and metabolite concentrations in the dam and fetus, pregnant ewe lambs (n = 64) were assigned to 1 of 8 treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial array: Se level [initiated at breeding; adequate (ASe; 3.05 μg/kg of BW) or high (HSe; 70.4 μg/kg of BW)] and nutritional level [100% (control; CON) or 60% (restricted; RES) of NRC recommendations] fed at different times of gestation [d 50 to 90 (mid) or d 91 to 132 (late)]. A blood sample was obtained from each ewe and fetus on d 132 of gestation and used to measure circulating concentrations of glucose, NEFA, blood urea N, and AA. The late RES ewes and their fetuses had less (P ≤ 0.03) circulating glucose compared with late CON ewes and fetuses at d 132; however, no effect (P ≥ 0.14) of diet on the fetal:maternal glucose concentration ratio was observed. Late RES ewes had a smaller (P = 0.01) fetal:maternal NEFA ratio compared with late CON ewes. Ewes fed ASe had a greater (P = 0.01) fetal:maternal blood urea N ratio compared with HSe ewes. Fetal:maternal ratios of total circulating AA, total essential AA, and total nonessential AA were each affected (P ≤ 0.03) by the combination of Se treatment and late gestation nutritional level.  相似文献   

16.
In 11 Awassi ewes of a flock of 30 animals continuous investigations were carried out on the changes of somatogenic (growth hormone-GH, prolactin-PRL, insulin-like growth factor I-IGF-I) and steroid hormones (progesterone--PG, estradiol-17 beta-E2) in blood plasma during a gestation period. Eight animals were pregnant (3 with twins), 3 non-pregnant ewes served as control animals. Pregnancy is associated with an increase in the concentrations of the steroid hormones in blood plasma, they decrease markedly already prepartal (PG) or directly at term (E2), reflecting the placental origin of both hormones. Ewes with twins have higher concentrations of both steroid hormones in their blood plasma than animals with a single fetus. During pregnancy the concentrations of IGF-I in blood plasma increase continuously and normalize rapidly after birth. The relationship between the duration of the pregnancy and the concentration of IGF-I can be described by a quadratic regression, further positive correlations exist between the concentrations of IGF-I and PG or E2 in blood plasma, but a negative correlation between IGF-I and PRL. The concentration of PRL diminishes during the gestation, which reflects increasing seasonal influences (decreasing day length and environmental temperature). The concentration of GH shows a steady level throughout the gestation period. Both hormones increase markedly at term, which represents an attendant circumstance of the birth. From all hormones investigated in blood plasma of the ewes only the concentration of IGF-I exhibits a strong positive correlation with the birth weight of their lambs. This can be taken as a first hint to the ability of IGF-I to promote directly the fetal growth.  相似文献   

17.
The effects of canine herpesvirus (CHV) on fetuses were studied after IV inoculation of pregnant bitches in the 2nd trimester of gestation. Cesarean sections were performed on 2 bitches that were inoculated with CHV on the estimated 30th day of gestation. Bitch M-1 had 2 mummified fetuses and bitch M-2 had 4 mummified and 2 dead fetuses and 3 live-born pups. Infection by CHV was confirmed histopathologically by the presence of focal areas of necrosis associated with intranuclear inclusion bodies in heart muscle sections of 1 dead fetus; CHV was not recovered from other organs. Abortion occurred between the 2nd and 3rd week after inoculation of another pregnant bitch inoculated with CHV on the estimated 30th day of gestation. Two bitches inoculated with CHV on the estimated 40th day of gestation gave birth prematurely to 10 pups. The detection of characteristic herpesviral lesions in various organs and the reisolation of CHV from the liver, spleen, kidneys, and lungs of premature pups indicated CHV infection. Transplacental infection of fetal pups by CHV resulted in their death and subsequent mummification. It appears that abortion and premature birth also may occur in pregnant bitches infected during the 2nd trimester of gestation.  相似文献   

18.
Two experiments were conducted in which pregnant crossbred ewes were randomly assigned to a control group or implanted with testosterone propionate/silastic implants between d 40 and d 60 of gestation. Implants contained approximately 2 g testosterone propionate and provided a constant delivery of 8.7 mg/d. Androgenized ewes (TE), born to implanted dams, had lower adjusted birth weights (P less than .05) than control ewes (CE) in both experiments. Treated rams (TR) also displayed lower birth weights than control rams (CR) in both experiments, but the difference was significant only in Exp. 2. Average daily gain was 16.4% more (P less than .05) for TE than for CE in Exp. 1. In Exp. 2, TE gained 9.6% faster (P less than .05) and had 14.6% (P less than .05) more weight per unit of feed consumed than CE. In both experiments, average daily gain and gain-to-feed ratio were similar for TR and CR. In Exp. 2, prenatal androgenization of ewes reduced (P less than .05) 12th rib fat thickness and decreased (P less than .05) percent kidney and pelvic fat. Yield grades of TE were lower than CE in both Exp. 1 (P less than .10) and Exp. 2 (P less than .05). From additional measurements taken in Exp. 2, liver weight per unit of carcass weight was greater (P less than .05), anogenital distance was greater (P less than .01) and test tube penetration into the vestibule was less (P less than .01) for TE than CE. The TE did not exhibit regular estrous cycles, while CE displayed recurring estrous cycles.  相似文献   

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