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为了解贵州威宁黄牛的遗传多样性及遗传背景，测定了19个个体的线粒体DNAD-loop区全序列。威宁黄牛D-loop区全序列中，A＋T平均含量为61．4％，G＋C含量为38．6％。经比对，共检测到威宁黄牛D-loop区8种单倍型，核苷酸多态位点45个，其中7种为普通牛血统的单倍型，1种为瘤牛血统的单倍型，表明威宁黄牛同时受到普通牛和瘤牛的影响。在威宁黄牛19个个体中，其单倍型多样度为0．715，核苷酸歧异度（π值）为2．415％，表明威宁黄牛品种的遗传多样性丰富。 相似文献
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[目的] 探究云南文山牛群体Y染色体遗传结构与血统来源，以期为该黄牛品种的资源保护与利用提供科学依据。[方法] 本研究采用PCR扩增和生物信息学方法，对55头文山牛Y-SNPs（UTY19和ZFY10）和Y-STRs（INRA189和BM861）遗传多样性进行系统研究。[结果] 55头文山牛均属于瘤牛Y3单倍型组，结合Y-SNPs和Y-STRs分型结果，发现文山牛中存在Y3-88-156和Y3-90-156两种Y染色体单倍型，Y染色体单倍型多样度为0.1684±0.0636。[结论] 云南文山牛只有瘤牛父系起源，其遗传血统稳定，纯合度高。 相似文献
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[目的]从分子水平探究皖南牛的遗传多样性、群体遗传结构及父系起源。[方法]利用PCR产物直接测序、荧光微卫星分型方法,选择2个Y-SNPs标记(UTY-19和ZFY-10)和2个Y-STRs位点(INRA189和BM861)对35头皖南公牛进行遗传多样性检测。[结果]发现35头皖南公牛包含Y1、Y2和Y3 3种单倍型组,其频率分别为2.86%、8.56%和88.58%。普通牛Y1单倍型组只有1种单倍型(Y1-98-158),普通牛Y2单倍型组有3种单倍型(Y2-102-158、Y2-104-158和Y2-106-158),瘤牛Y3单倍型组只有1种单倍型(Y3-88-156),皖南牛Y染色体单倍型多样度为0.2185±0.0924,表明皖南牛有普通牛与瘤牛2个父系起源,遗传多样性较低。[结论]皖南牛属于南方黄牛类型,以瘤牛的种质特性为主。 相似文献
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[目的]为研究渤海黑牛的遗传多样性、群体遗传结构及父系起源。[方法]采用PCR扩增、琼脂糖凝胶电泳的方法,利用Y-SNPs和Y-STRs联合标记,对15头纯种渤海黑牛和15头与日本和牛杂交改良的渤海黑牛公牛进行遗传多样性检测。[结果]发现15头纯种渤海黑牛中普通牛Y1单倍型组所占频率为6.67%,普通牛Y2单倍型组所占频率为20.00%,瘤牛Y3单倍型组所占频率为73.33%,单倍型多样度为0.4476±0.1345;15头与日本和牛杂交改良的个体中,Y1单倍型组所占频率为40.00%,Y2单倍型组所占频率为26.67%,Y3单倍型组所占频率为33.33%,单倍型多样度为0.7048±0.0535。结果表明,渤海黑牛群体存在普通牛Y1、Y2和瘤牛Y3三种父系起源,遗传多样性较高。[结论]纯种渤海黑牛的父系以瘤牛为主,同时兼有普通牛Y2的种质特征。 相似文献
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[目的]通过测定温岭高峰牛线粒体DNA全基因组序列以分析温岭高峰牛的母系起源及遗传多样性。[方法]采用DNA提取、测序及生物信息学方法。[结果]通过对19头温岭高峰牛线粒体DNA全基因组序列分析,共发现263个变异位点,定义9种单倍型,单倍型多样度(Hd±SD)为0.778±0.096,核苷酸多样度(Pi±SD)为0.0017±0.0014,表明温岭高峰牛的遗传多样性较低。构建的NJ系统发育树和单倍型进化网络图表明温岭高峰牛有普通牛和瘤牛2种母系起源。[结论]温岭高峰牛线粒体DNA基因组的遗传多样性较低,有瘤牛和普通牛两个母系起源,但主要受瘤牛的影响。 相似文献
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[目的]为探究云南滇中牛的Y染色体遗传结构与血统来源,以期为该黄牛品种的资源保护与利用提供科学依据。[方法]采用PCR扩增和荧光分型方法,对27头滇中牛的Y-SNPs（UTY19和UTY10）和Y-STRs（INRA189和BM861）遗传多样性进行分析。[结果]27头滇中牛包含Y2和Y3两种单倍型组,其频率分别为22.22%和77.78%。结合Y-SNPs和Y-STRs的分型结果,发现这27头滇中牛存在Y2-90-158、Y3-88-156和Y3-90-156共3种Y染色体单倍型（Y-INRA189-BM861）,Y染色体单倍型多样度为0.5128±0.0904,其遗传多样性较高。[结论]滇中牛Y染色体遗传多样性较高,有普通牛和瘤牛2个父系起源,以瘤牛血统为主。 相似文献
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为了研究中国黄牛Y染色体SNPs的遗传多样性及父系起源,本研究利用PCR-SSCP与测序方法,选择4个牛Y-SNPs位点DDX3Y-7、UTY-19、ZFY-9和ZFY-10,分析了16个中国地方黄牛品种284头公牛与缅甸黄牛4头公牛Y染色体的遗传多样性.结果表明,在中国16个黄牛品种中,仅发现普通牛Y2和瘤牛Y3单倍型,表明只有Y2和Y3两种父系起源,尚未发现中国黄牛存在普通牛Y1单倍型的分子证据.4头缅甸黄牛均为Y3单倍型.在中国16个黄牛品种中,Y2和Y3单倍型频率分别为57.0％和43.0％,其中Y2单倍型频率在北方黄牛中占优势(98.3％),Y3单倍型频率在南方黄牛中占优势(76.1％),中原黄牛中普通牛Y2的单倍型频率较高,为63.8％0,瘤牛Y3的单倍型频率为36.2％.本研究证明,中国黄牛存在普通牛Y2和瘤牛Y3单倍型两种父系起源,Y2单倍型频率自北向南逐渐减少,Y3单倍型频率自北向南逐渐增加,中原地区为普通牛Y2和瘤牛Y3单倍型的交汇处. 相似文献
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[目的]研究中国黄牛Y染色体STRs的遗传多样性及父系起源。[方法]利用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,选择2个牛Y-STRs位点INRA189和BM861,分析16个中国地方黄牛品种284头公牛与4头缅甸黄牛公牛的Y染色体遗传多样性。[结果]在中国16个黄牛品种中,2个Y-STR位点可以区分中国黄牛中的普通牛和瘤牛类型,表明中国黄牛有普通牛和瘤牛两种父系起源。4头缅甸黄牛均为瘤牛类型。在中国16个黄牛品种中,普通牛和瘤牛分布频率分别为57.0%和43.0%,其中普通牛频率在北方黄牛中占优势(98.3%),瘤牛频率在南方黄牛中占优势(76.1%),中原黄牛中普通牛频率较高为63.8%,瘤牛频率为36.2%。[结论]中国黄牛存在普通牛和瘤牛两种父系起源;普通牛频率自北向南逐渐减少,瘤牛频率自北向南逐渐增加,中原地区为普通牛和瘤牛的交汇处。 相似文献
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Bos taurus Y chromosome of Africander cattle and the development of improved breeds for the tropics.
The Africander has anatomical and other characteristics of an animal of approximately 3/4 Bos indicus heredity. The fact that these cattle carry the Bos taurus Y chromosome supports this view and indicates that the local cattle in South Africa would have been crossed with one or more Bos taurus bulls. Droughtmaster and Braford cattle retain the Bos indicus Y chromosome because Bos indicus instead of Bos taurus bulls were used to establish these taurindicus breeds. Contrary to some assumptions, an approximate tenfold increase in productivity of cattle was made during the 18th and 19th centuries due to improvements in disease control, nutrition and genetic improvement. What is now needed is the development of taurindicus breeds combining to the maximum possible extent the disease resistance and hardiness of Bos indicus with the early maturity and productivity of Bos taurus cattle. In addition, the ravages of disease and the seasonal variations of food supply need to be overcome in tropical areas. 相似文献
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Twenty-six kidneys of 2–4 years old Bos indicus (zebu cattle) and twenty kidneys of 4-year old Bos taurus were examined under the light microscope. The renal tubular epithelial heights and diameters were smaller in zebu than in Bos taurus. The Bos indicus kidney had fewer vascular bundles in the outer medullary zone and a smaller number of capillaries per vascular bundle, hence a lower renal blood flow than in Bos taurus. The Bos indicus proximal tubules had broader brush borders than those of Bos taurus. The smaller renal corpuscles with smaller glomerular filtration surface and low renal blood flow are responsible for low glomerular filtration rate and urinary flow, enabling their kidneys to retain more water than those of Bos taurus. 相似文献
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《The Professional Animal Scientist》2002,18(3):193-201
This review reveals that relative to Bos taurus cattle, cattle varying in Bos indicus inheritance, especially cattle that are > 1/2 Bos indicus inheritance, lack carcass tenderness. Because consumers are willing to pay for more tender beef, it seems imperative that the commercial beef cattle industry should refrain from producing cattle that are > 1/2 Bos indicus inheritance. Because of their Superior preweaning maternal performance, F1Bos indicus ♂ × Bos taurus 9 females and their resulting contemporary F1steer mates will continue to be produced by the commercial beef cattle industry in the Southeast and Golf Coast areas of the U.S. Further, as progeny testing for tenderness is expensive, it is suggested that the F1Bos indicus ♂ x Bos taurus 9 steers be identified by the commercial beef cattle industry so that the packing/ retail industries can utilize existing postmortem technology (electrical stimulation, blade tenderization, extended aging, calcium chloride injections) to partially alleviate the lack of tenderness expressed by carcasses resulting from these cattle. 相似文献
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Twenty kidneys of 4 years old Bos taurus cattle and 26 kidneys of 2—4 years old Bos indicus (Zebu cattle) of East African Shorthorn breen were examined lobe by lobe after fixation. The cortex and medulla with subunits were measured and compared in the two sub-species. The width of the cortex was about the same in both. The outer and inner stripes of the outer medullary zone were significantly broader in Bos taurus whereas outer inner zone was significantly broader in Bos indicus. The width of the entire medulla was greater in Bos taurus. 相似文献
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A cytogenetical study using metaphase chromosomes from cultured lymphocytes, was made of 2 Banteng (Bibos banteng) steers and 218 bulls representing 13 purebreeds (Bos taurus type, Bos indicus type and Sanga) and 7 cross-breeds. Studies were made of photographic karyotypes of Giemsa stained and C-banded chromosomes of bulls of each breed and of B-banded chromosomes from 3 breeds of Bos indicus and one cross-breed Australian Friesian Sahiwal) cattle. The relative lengths of chromosomes of Bos taurus and Bos indicus bulls were compared and significant difference in relative lengths of the X chromosomes were noted between these two species. There was a differences in morphology of the Y chromosomes; Sanga, Banteng and Bos taurus type breeds had a small submetacentric Y chromosome, except for the Jersey which had a metacentric Y chromosome. All Bos indicus type bulls had an acrocentric Y chromosome but the Droughtmaster breed had two forms of the Y chromosome (submetacentric and acrocentric). The C-banding patterns of the autosomes and X chromosomes were similar for all breeds while those of the Y chromosomes of Bos indicus type cattle allowed their accurate identification. G-banding patterns of Bos indicus resembled those of Bos taurus and enabled pairing of homologous chromosomes. Centromeres of the autosomes were unstained but those of the sex chromosomes were darkly stained. 相似文献
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Contents: " Madura cattle," the variety found on the Indonesian island of Madura, is most often referred to as a cross between Bos javanicus and Bos indicus, based largely on phenotypic appearance. The karyotypic patterns of Madura cattle resemble those of Bos taurus, with the exception of the Y chromosome, which is of Bos indicus type. Based on what is known of Bos javanicus, it is concluded that Madura cattle could be the result of a cross between a Bos taurus or Bos javanicus cow and a Bos indicus bull .
Inhalt: Eine cytogenetische Untersuchung über das Madura-Rind
Das Madura-Rind, eine Varietät der indonesischen Insel Madura, wird wegen seines Aussehens oft als Kreuzung zwischen Bos javanicus ( Banteng) und Bos indicus ( Zebu) angesehen. Das karyotypische Bild des Madura-Rindes gleicht jenem von Bos taurus mit Ausnahme des Y-Chromosoms, welches dem Bos indicus- Typ entspricht. Nachdem, was über Bos javanicus bekannt ist, muβ man folgern, daβ das Madura-Rind ein Kreu-zungsprodukt zwischen einer Bos taurus- oder Bos javanicus-Kuh und einem Bos indi- cusBullen sein könnte . 相似文献
Inhalt: Eine cytogenetische Untersuchung über das Madura-Rind
Das Madura-Rind, eine Varietät der indonesischen Insel Madura, wird wegen seines Aussehens oft als Kreuzung zwischen Bos javanicus ( Banteng) und Bos indicus ( Zebu) angesehen. Das karyotypische Bild des Madura-Rindes gleicht jenem von Bos taurus mit Ausnahme des Y-Chromosoms, welches dem Bos indicus- Typ entspricht. Nachdem, was über Bos javanicus bekannt ist, muβ man folgern, daβ das Madura-Rind ein Kreu-zungsprodukt zwischen einer Bos taurus- oder Bos javanicus-Kuh und einem Bos indi- cusBullen sein könnte . 相似文献