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覆盖方式对旱作水稻后期冠层生理生态特性及产量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以超级杂交稻组合P88S/1128为材料,设置地膜覆盖、稻草覆盖和液体膜覆盖3个处理,以裸地为对照,研究了不同覆盖方式对旱作水稻群体生理生态特性的影响。研究表明,覆盖方式对旱作水稻群体微气象因子和水稻的个体生长都有明显影响,表现为覆盖显著降低了高温季节特别是高温时段水稻冠层的温度,提高了相对湿度,营造了群体内部良好的微气象环境。覆盖处理的叶片蒸腾作用增强,叶片的温度降低,叶片的抗高温胁迫能力提高,从而光合速率显著提高。覆盖栽培下产量构成各因子均有明显优化,其中地膜覆盖栽培下的每穗粒数和结实率最高,产量较对照增加16.81%;稻草覆盖处理的有效穗增多,较对照增产9.59%。但液体膜覆盖的增产效果不明显,产量构成因子与对照相比差异不显著。 相似文献
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可持续发展农业和有机栽培越来越受到人们的关注。以常规香稻品种19香为试验材料,研究了有机栽培条件下不同机械种植方式（DD,旱插秧机旱插秧;DW,水插秧机旱插秧;D,机械旱直播;CK,常规水插秧）对香稻品种产量、品质及香气的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,DD处理水稻有效穗数、每穗粒数、结实率、千粒重和产量均无明显差异,D处理水稻产量显著下降;DD、DW和D处理的水稻香气合成关键基因BADH2表达受到抑制,从而明显提高了稻米香气,其中,DD处理香气物质（2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉）含量最高。综上所述,旱插秧机旱插秧适宜作为有机栽培条件下机械种植方式。 相似文献
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水稻开花期冠层温度与土壤水分及产量结构的关系 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在开花期对水稻进行不同梯度水分胁迫处理,研究了水稻开花期冠层温度与土壤水分状况及产量结构之间的关系。 水稻开花期冠层温度一般低于气温,但土壤含水量对冠层温度有显著影响,土壤含水量越低,水稻冠层温度越高,冠气温差绝对值越小,并且在13：00时冠气温差与对照差别最大,认为13：00可以作为测定冠气温差的最适时间。通过对开花时间进行观察,发现土壤含水量最低的处理,植株开花高峰提前,开花时间集中在花期的最初3 d,其平均穗长较小,穗重较轻;而土壤含水量较高的处理与对照一致,开花时间主要集中在花期中间时段,平均穗长较大,穗重较重。土壤含水量越低,每穗饱粒数越少。 相似文献
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垄畦栽培水稻的产量、品质效应及其生理生态基础 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：17
以杂交稻协优9308和粳稻丙98110为材料,初步研究了垄畦栽培水稻产量、品质效应及其生理生态基础。与常规栽培相比,垄畦栽培时日温差(尤其是5～10 cm土层)、5 cm深处土层的氧化还原电位大于常规栽培。垄畦栽培水稻的加工品质、外观品质好, 水稻分蘖发生快,叶面积指数大,干物质积累多,上层根量大;其株高、穗长、分蘖成穗率小于常规栽培水稻,单位面积穗数、结实率、千粒重则高于常规栽培水稻。垄畦栽培水稻的抽穗期和齐穗期的叶绿素含量和光合速率、灌浆后期叶片中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）的含量与常规栽培水稻无显著差异。垄畦栽培水稻的产量,协优9308显著高于常规栽培水稻,丙98110则无显著差异。 相似文献
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不同直播方式下种子处理方式对直播稻出苗和产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了选择合理的种子处理方式,解决水稻机直播全苗问题,选择杂交稻川优6203、常规稻金农丝苗,在水直播、旱直播方式下,比较了干种子直播、浸泡48 h后直播、浸泡48h催芽至露白后直播、浸泡48 h催芽至半粒谷长后直播等方式对水稻出苗率、基本苗数、有效穗数、颖花数、结实率、千粒重以及产量的影响。结果表明,种子浸泡48 h催芽至露白时播种,有较高的出苗率,可以确保较高的基本苗数。不同种子处理方式对直播稻的有效穗数、千粒重的影响达极显著水平,对颖花数及结实率的影响不显著。在水直播方式下浸泡48 h,催芽露白或至半粒谷长时直播,不仅有利于增加群体数量,还有利于改善产量性状。无论采用水直播还是旱直播方式,宜将种子浸种48 h后催芽至露白时进行机直播,出苗率高,群体足,产量性状合理,可以获得较高产量。 相似文献
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【目的】研究旱直播模式下不同水分管理方式对水稻产量、光合生理特性和稻米品质的影响,以期为干旱气候条件下的节水栽培提供理论依据。【方法】采用大田小区试验,以杂交稻旱优73和常规稻黄华占为试验材料,通过设置全生育期内旱管和水管两种水分管理模式,综合考查旱直播模式下不同水分管理方式对水稻叶片光合特性、地上部干物质积累及分配、产量和稻米品质的影响。【结果】水稻旱直播模式下进行旱作栽培显著提高了水分利用效率和水稻产量,降低了稻米的外观品质和食味品质。与淹水灌溉相比,旱作处理显著提高了叶片SPAD值和齐穗期净光合速率,促进了地上部干物质的积累;增加了茎秆和叶片干物质转运量和对籽粒贡献率,进而提高了水稻有效穗和千粒重。其中,黄华占和旱优73产量分别增加14.0%和11.9%。旱作处理对加工品质没有显著影响,但显著降低了直链淀粉含量,增加了蛋白质含量;同时降低籽粒中重金属砷的含量,增加了重金属镉的含量。【结论】水稻旱直播模式为干旱气候条件下的水稻适应性栽培提供了可能,但稻米品质与产量协同提升因品种而异。因此,旱直播模式下高效优质栽培技术还需进一步研究。 相似文献
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两系杂交水稻抛秧栽培的根系特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以两系杂交水稻为材料 ,常规育秧移栽为对照 ,研究了抛秧栽培根系生长分布特征 ,并对其产量性状进行了考查 ,表明 :抛秧栽培后期根系生长量大 ,氧化活力强 ,土壤表层 0～ 7cm分布比例高 ,根 /冠值大 ;这有利于抛栽水稻中后期水、肥、气的吸收 ,形成更多的有效穗 ,从而提高产量 相似文献
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水稻直播简化栽培技术是指在水稻栽培过程中省去育秧和移栽作业,在本田里直接播上谷种栽培水稻的技术。本文重点探讨来安县在发展水稻轻简化栽培中水、旱直播稻的播种、除草、施肥、病虫害防治等关键技术。 相似文献
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以温敏核不育水稻培矮64S为材料,采用10～15 cm水层灌溉处理和无水层对照,对植株温度及其与植株冠层小气候和灌溉水因子的关系作了分析。水稻植株温度与150 cm大气温度在数值和相位上均存在一定差异。8:00～20:00植株温度均明显低于大气温度,21:00～次日7:00植株温度与大气温度基本相同;日最高植株温度出现在13:00,比最高大气温度提前1 h,但日最低植株温度和最低大气温度均出现在6:00;植株温度的平均日较差比气温小。在同一高度上相比,晴天6:00～13:00植株温度比空气温度高,而且提前1 h升温,18:00～次日6:00则两者逐渐趋同或植株温度稍低;而在阴天,植株温度则全天一直高于空气温度,最高温度出现的时间也相同。植株温度白天的变化主要受太阳辐射的影响,天空状况（云量或日照时数）和风速都通过对辐射强度的调节和热量的交换而产生作用。植株温度夜间的变化主要受灌溉水的影响。在本试验条件下,日平均气温（Ta）29.6℃是灌溉水提高或降低植株温度的临界温度值,当Ta＞29.6℃时,灌溉水具有降低植株温度的作用,反之,灌溉水具有提高植株温度的作用。植株温度与水 气温差符合二次曲线关系。植株冠层在白天吸收或反射太阳辐射,夜间则阻挡热量散失,对调节植株温度具有明显的缓冲效应。通过相关分析和回归拟合,建立了两个可供实用的水稻植株温度的环境模型。 相似文献
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以蝴蝶兰和萼脊兰为材料,对其叶片的CO_2吸收速率、可滴定酸含量和叶绿素荧光参数的昼夜变化进行研究。结果表明:蝴蝶兰和萼脊兰的CO_2交换方式都具景天酸代谢途径(CAM)的特点,其叶片的净CO_2吸收速率分别在22:00和凌晨0:00左右达到最大值。蝴蝶兰暗适应下的叶绿素荧光参数最小荧光F_o、最大荧光F_m、最大可变荧光F_v、可变荧光产量与最大荧光产量之比F_v/F_m、光系统Ⅱ潜在活性F_v/F_o均高于萼脊兰。蝴蝶兰和萼脊兰叶绿素荧光参数日动态变化结果表明,蝴蝶兰所需要的光照强度显著低于萼脊兰,太高的光强将引起植株的光抑制,从而引起光化学效率的下降。总的来说,蝴蝶兰为专性CAM兰花,萼脊兰属兼性CAM兰花,在蝴蝶兰与萼脊兰杂交后代的栽培中,在避免过高的光强引起其光抑制的同时,可提供特定的环境条件以诱导其叶片更多地进行C_3途径光合,尽量减少CAM途径光合,从而有效地促进其干物质的积累,促进杂交后代的生长。 相似文献
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本试验探讨了甜菜不同密度处理条件下群体各叶层光合速率的变化,生理、生态因子的变化及其各叶层对群体光合作用的贡献。结果表明：不同叶层对整个冠层群体光合作用贡献明显不同,叶丛形成期是中层＞下层＞上层,块根增长期以后则是上层＞中层＞下层。密度过大的处理,中、后期群体光合速率的下降主要与群体中、下位叶层光合速率下降有关,其叶片气孔阻力、相对光照强度和叶面积指数均与低密度处理有明显差异。 相似文献
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Plant Temperature and Its Simulation Model of Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Rice 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Plant temperature (Tp) and its relations to the microclimate of rice colony and irrigation water were studied using a thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) rice line, Pei'ai 64S. Significant differences in the daily change of temperature were detected between Tp and air temperature at the height of 150 cm (TA). From 8:00 to 20:00, Tp was lower than TA, but they were similar during 21:00 to next 7:00. The maximum Tp occurred one hour earlier than the maximum TA, though they both reached the minimum at 6:00. Tp fluctuated less than TA. At the same height, during 6:00-13:00, Tp was higher than air temperature (Ta), and Tp reached the maximum one hour earlier than Ta. During the rest time on sunny day, Tp was close to or even a little lower than Ta. On overcast day, Tp was higher than Ta in the whole day, and both maximized at the same time. In addition, Tp was regulated by solar radiation, cloudage and wind speed in daytime, and by irrigation water at night. The present study indicated that a TA of 29.6℃ was the critical point, at which Tp was increased or decreased by irrigation water.Tp and the difference between water and air temperatures showed a conic relation. Tp fluctuation was also regulated by the absorption or reflection of solar radiation by leaves during daytime and release of heat energy during nighttime. By analysis on correlation and regression simulation, two models of Tp were established. 相似文献
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Relationship Between Canopy Temperature at Flowering Stage and Soil Water Content, Yield Components in Rice 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
ZHANG Wen-zhong HAN Ya-dong DU Hong-juan 《水稻科学》2007,14(1):67-70
The canopy temperature of rice at the flowering stage and the soil water content were investigated under different soil water treatments(the soil water contents were 24%,55%,90%and 175%at the flowering stage).The canopy temperature was lower than air temperature,and the soil water content significantly influenced the canopy temperature.The lower the soil water content,the higher the canopy temperature,the less the accumulative absolute value of canopy-air temperature difference.Moreover,the maximum difference between treatments and CK in the accumulative absolute value of canopy-air temperature difference appeared at 13:00 p.m.in a day,thus,it could be considered as a suitable measuring time.Under the lowest water content treatment,the peak flowering occurred in the first three days(about 70%of panicles flowered),resulting in shortened and lightened panicle of rice.As to the CK and the high water content treatments,the peak flowering appeared in the middle of flowering duration,with longer panicle length and higher panicle weight.Results indicated the lower the soil water content,the less the filled grain number and grain yield. 相似文献
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《Field Crops Research》2006,95(2-3):115-125
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the chief foreign exchange earning crops for Vietnam. However, owing to lack of appropriate management practices, the production and the area under cultivation of groundnut have remained low. Mulches increase the soil temperature, retard the loss of soil moisture, and check the weed growth, which are the key factors contributing to the production of groundnut. On-farm trials were conducted in northern Vietnam to study the impact of mulch treatments and explore economically feasible and eco-friendly mulching options. The effect of three mulching materials (polythene, rice straw and chemical) on weed infestation, soil temperature, soil moisture and pod yield were studied. Polythene and straw mulch were effective in suppressing the weed infestation. Different mulching materials showed different effects on soil temperature. Polythene mulch increased the soil temperature by about 6 °C at 5 cm depth and by 4 °C at 10 cm depth. Mulches prevent soil water evaporation retaining soil moisture. Groundnut plants in polythene and straw mulched plots were generally tall, vigorous and reached early flowering. Use of straw as mulch provides an attractive and an environment friendly option in Vietnam, as it is one of the largest rice growing countries with the least use of rice straw. Besides, it recycles plant nutrients effectively. 相似文献
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为进一步明确小麦垄作栽培的增产机理,以济麦20号为供试品种,于灌浆中期对垄作小麦和平作小麦分别进行大田层切,研究了垄作栽培对小麦灌浆中期群体素质的影响.结果表明,与传统平作栽培相比,垄作栽培条件下,小麦灌浆中期群体从底部到顶部各层次相对光强增加,以40～50 cm增加幅度最大,群体内光分布得到优化;各层次单位面积功能叶片(绿色叶片)、功能叶鞘(绿色叶鞘)和茎秆干重增加,枯叶片干重减少,尤以中、下部较为明显;穗层上部穗干重大幅度增加,下落穗减少,穗层整齐.这些群体指标的改善,证明垄作栽培麦田群体素质较高,有利于高产低耗目标的实现. 相似文献
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Watermelon mosaic virus has caused losses in cucurbits in the last 8 years in the Gascoyne River district of Western Australia. Neither insecticides nor oil sprays have reduced the incidence of this disease. In three trials, plants mulched with reflective (aluminium) polythene were less infected (by 21%, 30% and 72%) than were those given a control treatment; yield increases of watermelons ranged from 77% to 270%. Black polythene mulch also reduced the incidence of virus and increased yield, but to a lesser degree. In all experiments the disease incidence rose more slowly in the mulch plots: this effect contributed greatly to the observed increase in yield. 相似文献