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1.
鱼蚌混养对池塘水质、藻相结构及三角帆蚌生长的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
2012年4月26日—2012年12月12日通过在鲢鳙鱼养殖池塘中放养不同密度的三角帆蚌,研究不同三角帆蚌放养比例对鲢鳙鱼养殖池塘中水质、藻相结构及三角帆蚌生长的影响。实验中,鲢鳙放养比例统一为3∶7,总密度为1.5尾/m3。三角帆蚌放养密度则设置4个水平,分别为单养鲢鳙鱼池塘(0只/m3),低密度三角帆蚌混养池塘(0.8只/m3),中密度三角帆蚌混养池塘(1.0只/m3)和高密度三角帆蚌混养池塘(1.2只/m3)。结果显示,混养三角帆蚌池塘的水化指标(TP、PO4-P、NH3-N、NO2-N和NO3-N)均显著低于单养鱼池塘。中密度三角帆蚌混养池塘除NH3-N和化学需氧量(COD)与低密度三角帆蚌混养池塘无显著差异外,其他各项水化指标均显著低于其他3个池塘,并且极显著低于单养鲢鳙鱼池塘。单养鲢鳙鱼池塘藻类平均密度均极显著高于鱼蚌混养池塘,其中在鱼蚌混养池塘中浮游植物密度与三角帆蚌密度成负相关关系。单养鲢鳙鱼池塘的浮游植物生物量均极显著低于中、高密度鱼蚌混养池塘,并且显著低于低密度混养池塘。浮游植物生物量与三角帆蚌密度成正相关关系,鱼蚌池塘中绿藻和裸藻的生物量在养殖过程中上升显著。低、中密度三角帆蚌混养池塘三角帆蚌存活率均显著高于高密度三角帆蚌混养池塘;低密度混养池塘中蚌湿重、壳长及壳宽相对增长率均为最大,显著高于中、高密度三角帆蚌混养池塘。研究表明,养鱼池塘混养三角帆蚌不仅能改善养殖池塘的水质,还能控制藻类数量,促使绿藻和裸藻等大型藻类的生长,提高养殖水体浮游植物的生物量总量,最终还能有效提高三角帆蚌的存活率及生长率。从改善水质,藻相结构,蚌成活率及生长等指标角度考虑,在鲢鳙鱼养殖池塘中,三角帆蚌最佳放养密度为1.0只/m3。 相似文献
2.
为研究池塘养殖条件下三角帆蚌幼蚌的生长情况,进而为优化三角帆蚌的养殖模式提供参考依据,在浙江省诸暨市的淡水珍珠实验基地进行了池塘养殖试验。结果表明:经过86 d培育,当年繁育三角帆蚌的壳长从3.4 cm增长到6.4 cm,体质量从3 g增加到18 g;试验期间,壳长的增长率为0.035±0.005cm/d,体质量的增长率为0.192±0.044 g/d;吊养水层深度可显著影响幼蚌的生长速度,吊养在水面下40cm处的蚌,其壳长和体质量的增长速度显著高于吊养在水面下10 cm和80 cm处。 相似文献
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4.
诸暨养殖池塘内水环境、三角帆蚌生长与珍珠产量 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2006.06.03-11.08研究了浙江省诸暨市3口蚌养殖池塘内的水温、透明度(SD)、溶氧(DO)、pH等理化因子以及三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)生长和珍珠产量。结果显示:实验期间池塘内水温平均为28℃,透明度为24~31 cm,pH为8.5~8.8,DO为6.6~7.8 mg/L,盐度为0.1,Ca2+含量为19.4~37.0 mg/L,总硬度为64.0~123.3 mg CaCO3/L,总碱度为58.4~109.4 mg CaCO3/L,TN为0.76~1.12 mg/L,TP为0.14~0.33 mg/L,TN/TP为4~8,CODMn为9.99~15.5 mg/L。经过158 d生长,池塘内育无核珠或有核珠的3龄蚌蚌壳长增加0.16~0.94 cm,蚌重增加21~61 g;育无核珠的5龄蚌蚌壳长增加0.1~0.25 cm,蚌重增加27~76 g。蚌壳和蚌重生长速度受蚌龄影响,蚌重生长速度的变化幅度往往比蚌壳大。育无核珠的3龄蚌和5龄蚌内珍珠增重分别为每蚌2.03~2.87 g和3.52~5.23 g。3龄蚌蚌壳长和蚌重生长比5龄蚌快,但珍珠产量低于后者,表明三角帆蚌珍珠产量与其蚌壳和蚌重生长速度并不完全一致。 相似文献
5.
浙江诸暨三角帆蚌养殖池塘浮游植物群落结构和理化环境 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《渔业现代化》2015,(2)
2011年8月29日—9月1日采样分析了浙江省诸暨市枫桥镇10口三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)养殖池塘中的浮游植物种类组成、生物量和理化环境因子。结果显示,三角帆蚌养殖池塘内共观察到浮游植物51属(种),优势种为平裂藻、微囊藻、腔球藻和栅藻;浮游植物生物量为0.71~8.01×108cell/L,71%~97%为蓝藻。池塘内的透明度(SD)平均值为33 cm、溶氧(DO)为4~12 mg/L、总氮(TN)为1.933~4.062 mg/L、总磷(TP)为0.154~1.010 mg/L、高锰酸钾指数(CODMn)为6.49~10.06 mg/L,说明三角帆蚌养殖池塘具有DO较高,SD、TN、TP、CODMn和TN/TP较低的特点。RDA分析显示水温是影响池塘中浮游植物常见种类生物量的主要环境因子,说明相近池塘的浮游植物群落接近。鉴于所调查的池塘内TN、TP、CODMn和TN/TP较低,建议适当增加杂食性鱼类放养密度和配合饲料投喂量并降低鸭粪施肥量。 相似文献
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正高密度、集约化的池塘养殖,容易造成大量的残饵、排泄物等沉积在池塘底部,形成恶性积累;加之大量的人工饲料、消毒剂等投入养殖水体,使水体造成污染,影响鱼类正常生长,造成鱼病暴发。集约化的池塘养殖中饲料成本占整个养殖成本的80%,饲料质量的好坏,投喂技术直接影响鱼类生长和养殖经济效益。所以,通过科学投喂配合饲料,提高饲料利用率,降低养殖成本是健康养殖的主要条件。1严把饲料质量鱼用配合饲料其营养全面、适口性好。养殖户选择配合饲料时应该全面了解性价比和安全性,饲料中必须能完全满足饲养对象的生长需求,而且绝对 相似文献
7.
池蝶蚌和我国的三角帆蚌为同属不同种,出产于日本滋贺县的琵琶湖.池蝶蚌是的优质淡水育珠蚌,具有以下特点:①容易养殖,池蝶蚌的生活习性与三角帆蚌非常相近,其繁殖、幼蚌培育、成蚌饲养技术也与三角帆蚌相似;②成活率高,池蝶蚌内脏团大,软体部分的重量占蚌体总重量的比例达45%,体质好,生命力强;③手术插核难度小,池蝶蚌双壳鼓起,壳间距大,且闭壳肌也强壮,其直径比三角帆蚌大20%,开壳宽度可超过1 cm,有利于手术操作;④育珠品质高,珍珠光亮度、珠层厚度以及品质都比其它淡水蚌手术蚌的珍珠要好;⑤贝壳利用价值高,池蝶蚌的贝壳比三角帆蚌的贝壳厚50%以上,尤其是贝壳的珍珠层较厚,有利于加工珍珠层粉,也是制作珠核、雕刻的最佳材料.目前,池蝶蚌在江西省被广泛推广养殖,在该省临川、都昌、万年、泰和等县市建立起示范推广基地2000多亩,直接参与池蝶蚌养殖的农户达1500多户,取得了丰厚的经济效益.笔者通过实地走访调查,查阅相关资料并结合多年蚌类养殖研究,对池蝶蚌的人工繁育技术总结如下: 相似文献
8.
插片育珠对三角帆蚌耗氧率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用流水法现场比较研究了不同季节(夏季和秋季)育珠和未育珠三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cummingii)的耗氧率。所用三角帆蚌为养殖在同一个池塘中的同一批的3龄蚌。夏季和秋季实验所用的育珠蚌插片后的养殖时间分别为83 d和128 d。实验结果表明,夏季育珠蚌(蚌重137.6 g±14.4 g)的耗氧率为(769±267)mg/(kg·h),显著低于未育珠蚌(蚌重100.3±15.0 g)的耗氧率[(1 146±265)mg/(kg·h)]。秋季育珠蚌(蚌重144.2 g±16.2 g)的耗氧率[(632±191)mg/(kg·h)]与未育珠蚌(蚌重134.4±17.9 g)的耗氧率[(601±137)mg/(kg·h)]相比无显著差异。无论夏季或秋季,育珠蚌和未育珠蚌耗氧率在夜间均高于白天。在夏季将育珠蚌和未育珠蚌连续饥饿3 d后其耗氧率均显著下降;而在秋季连续饥饿3 d后育珠蚌和未育珠蚌耗氧率变化相对较小。本实验结果证实插片育珠可影响三角帆蚌耗氧率,但不会改变三角帆蚌耗氧率的昼夜节律;插片育珠对三角帆蚌耗氧率的影响程度因养殖季节而异。 相似文献
9.
三角帆蚌筛选及其产珠量分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了提高珍珠产量,降低生产成本,建立生产上简便易行的选蚌方法。通过三角帆蚌池塘养殖试验表明,三角帆蚌的主要生长期为4月—10月中,此期间的平均水温>20℃。对415只体长(a)(7.74±0.42)cm,体宽(b)(1.69±0.14)cm,体高(h)(3.98±0.22)cm的三角帆蚌育珠蚌进行分类统计,分析其体形与产珠量之间的关系。结果表明,三角帆蚌群体的体积(V)大于1.29■或者体长大于(1.29·(ā)~3)～1/3时,珍珠产量高于平均值50%以上。 相似文献
10.
1979年以来,我县三角帆蚌蚌病蔓延严重,育珠蚌的成活率甚低,严重的地方甚至全部死亡。据统计,1979年以前,全县养殖的三角帆蚌要占总数的80%左右,三级以上的优质珠占21.6%。尔后,随着蚌病的蔓延,三角帆蚌的比例下降到10～20%(1981),三级以上的优质珠下降到3.2%;当年繁殖的三角帆蚌幼蚌也只长到3～4厘米,到第三年后 相似文献
11.
Yan Wang Wei L Wang Jian G Qin Xiao D Wang & Sheng B Zhu 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(14):1634-1641
The effects of integrated combination and quicklime supplementation on growth and pearl yield of a freshwater mussel, Hyriopsis cumingii (Lea, 1852), were examined through a 137-day growout in land-based enclosures. The integrated combinations examined were either mussel, bighead carp and gibel carp or mussel and bighead carp. Each combination was treated either with or without quicklime supplementation. One half of the mussels in each enclosure were grafted with pieces of the mantle epithelium while the other half were not. During the experiment, gibel carp were fed formulated feed while the mussel and bighead carp were fed natural live food. Quicklime was regularly provided in the enclosures as calcium replenishment. The species composition in the integrated system significantly affected growth in shell size and wet weight of the mussels regardless of the graft and pearl yield, while no significant effects of quicklime supplementation were detected. Growth rates in shell size and wet weight of both grafted and non-grafted mussels and pearl yield were slightly higher in the enclosures with mussel, bighead carp and gibel carp than those with mussel and bighead carp, although these differences were not statistically significant. The non-grafted mussel exhibited faster growth in shell size and wet weight than the grafted mussel within the same treatment. Results of the present study indicate that species combination in an integrated system can affect growth and pearl yield of H. cumingii . The species combination of mussel, bighead carp and gibel carp is recommended for commercial H. cumingii farming. 相似文献
12.
育珠期三角帆蚌的生长及其与珍珠增长的关系 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
通过对三角帆蚌壳长、壳宽、蚌总重（整体湿重）、内脏团湿重、壳重和珍珠重等指标在5-11月间的逐月连续测定，研究了常规养殖模式下育珠期2龄三角帆蚌在主要生长季节的生长规律及其与珍珠生长的相关性。结果表明：珍珠重(PW)与壳长(SL)、壳宽(SW)的关系分别为PW=0.0008SL3.3946 (R2=0.6948)和PW=0.7809SW1.0227 (R2=0.6888)；而珍珠重(PW)与蚌重(TW)、内脏团重(BW)和壳重(W)的关系分别为PW=0.0021TW1.5434 (R2=0.7337)，PW=0.107BW0.9125 (R2=0.7158)和PW=0.0324W1.1259 (R2=0.7101)；三角帆蚌总重(TW)与壳长(SL)、 壳宽(SW)的关系最适合用指数函数进行拟合，其关系式分别为TW=16.003e0.1681SL，(R2=0.7961)，和TW=64.311e0.1372SW (R2=0.6822)；而内脏团重(BW)和壳重(W)与壳长(SL)、壳宽(SW)的关系则适合为幂函数曲线拟合，关系式分别为BW=0.0188SL3.1427，(R2=0.6927)；W=0.0656SL2.7721, (R2=0.8271)和BW=12.446SW0.8974 (R2=0.617)；W=19.876SW0.802 (R2=0.7563)。本研究结果发现，珍珠生长与蚌总重、壳长和壳宽等外部测量指标之间的相关性显著，从而无须通过杀蚌取珠而直接通过这些外部生长指标的测定就能较好地了解珍珠的生长，更好地为珍珠养殖生产和管理提供指导。 相似文献
13.
Use of Cottonseed Meal in Channel Catfish Feeds 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Solvent extracted cottonseed meal was substituted for soybean meal in catfish feeds on a nitrogen basis. The feeds, which contained either 0, 10, or 20% cottonseed meal, were formulated to contain about 32% protein and 2.9 kcal digestible energy/g. The fish were reared in 6 m3 net pens suspended in a 1.6 ha earthen pond. Twelve pens (four per treatment) were stocked with 400 fish with an initial average weight of 95 g/fish. All fish were fed to satiation once daily. A sample of 60 fish from each pen was weighed at 76 days to evaluate feed consumption, feed conversion, and weight gain. At the end of the experiment (132 days), fish from each net pen were weighed collectively and samples were taken to determine tissue free gossypol concentrations, proximate composition of fillets, and dressout percentages. There were no significant differences in weight gain, feed conversion, or survival of fish sampled at 76 days or of fish at the end of the experiment regardless of dietary treatment. At 76 days, feed consumption of fish fed the 20% cottonseed meal feed was significantly higher than that of other fish, but there were no significant differences in feed consumption at the end of the experiment. Free gossypol levels were below detectable limits in fish tissue. There were no significant differences in percentage dressout or in body composition, except for a slightly higher ash content in fish fed the feed containing 10% cottonseed meal. It appears that cottonseed meal can be used to partially substitute for soybean meal in catfish feeds. At the present, it is recommended that cottonseed meal be limited to 15% of the catfish diet. 相似文献
14.
The effect of dietary substitution of casein with fishmeal, soybean meal and crustacean meal on the growth of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino was determined. A 350 g casein per kilogram diet was included into the CS diet. The whole casein was then substituted by: (1) 300 g fishmeal and 200 g soybean meal per kilogram diet (FS), (2) 200 g fishmeal, 200 g soybean meal and 130 g krill meal per kilogram diet (FSK), (3) 200 g fishmeal, 200 g soybean meal and 280 g red crab meal per kilogram diet (FSC) or (4) 200 g fishmeal, 200 g soybean meal and 130 g shrimp head meal per kilogram diet (FSS). In addition, a 50‐g by‐product of green tea per kilogram diet was included in the FS diet to form the FSG diet. Sea tangle (ST)diet was supplied to abalone as a control feed. Weight gain, final shell length and final shell width of abalone fed with the various substitution feeds (FS, FSK, FSC, FSS and FSG) were not different from those obtained with the CS diet. All the formulated feeds, however, produced higher weight gain and final shell width values than the ST diet. The results of this study show that casein can be replaced with a combination of fishmeal, soybean meal, krill meal, crab meal and/or shrimp head meal in the diet without a retardation of growth of abalone. 相似文献
15.
Cottonseed meals were evaluted as partial and complete replacements for soybean meal in pond feeds for channel catfish grown at densities of 5,300/ha. The following dietary treatments were used: 1) glanded cottonseed meal (GC) in which ½ of the soybean meal was replaced; 2) glandless cottonseed meal (GLC) in which all of the soybean was replaced, 3) a control feed (C) typical of commercial catfish feeds. The feeding trial was conducted in 0.04 ha earthen ponds for a period of 176 days. Natural prey species were present in all ponds. Final weights and condition factors of fish fed the GC feed were reduced compared to those fed the GLC or C feeds. This response did not appear to be related to dietary gossypol levels. Even though the GLC feed appeared to be deficient in available lysine, final weight and feed conversion of fish fed the GLC feed were equal to those fed the C feed. Possible nutrient contributions of natural food available in the ponds could not be determined. There were no significant differences in feed conversions or dressout percentages of fish regardless of dietary treatment. Fish fed the GLC feed exhibited a higher percentage of fat and lower percentages of moisture, protein and ash (dry weight basis) in edible tissue than fish fed the other feeds. Free gossypol levels in edible fish tissue were below 100 ppm. 相似文献
16.
Weight Gain and Survival of Juvenile Australian Crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus Fed Formulated Feeds
Abstract.— Weight gain and survival were examined in newly-hatched juvenile Australian crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus fed formulated crustacean feeds. Crayfish cultured using several Argent specialty feeds, including brine shrimp flakes, freeze-dried krill, powdered spirulina, and hatchfry encapsulon, exhibited high mortality (>90%) and little or no weight gain. After ten weeks of culture, crayfish fed AB crayfish feed (AB) exhibited the highest weight gain with nearly 100% survival. Weight gain of crayfish fed other formulated feeds, such as Zeigler post-larval feed (ZPL), Zeigler shrimp grower (ZSG), Burris Mill crayfish feed (BM), Rangen shrimp grower (RSG), and a formulated CNStacean feed (CRUS) were significantly lower. Survival of crayfish cultured using these feeds was also significantly lower, ranging from 40% (CRUS) to 72% (BM). Mortalities associated with these feeds occurred both during the intermolt period and during the molt. Recovered biomass was approximately half of that observed for crayfish cultured using AB feed, further indicating the inadequacy of these formulated feeds for use in crayfish cultures. These data suggest that many commercially available feeds do not provide the nutritional requirements for juvenile Australian crayfish. 相似文献
17.
Yan Wang Ling-Jun Kong Dominique P. Bureau 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,261(4):1307-1313
The effect of replacing fish meal with soybean meal (SBM) in practical feeds for cuneate drum was evaluated in an 8-week net pen trial. The cuneate drum fingerlings (initial body weight 29.8 ± 1.3 g fish− 1) were fed six isonitrogenous and isocaloric feeds containing 39% digestible protein and 16 MJ kg− 1 digestible energy. The control feed was formulated to contain 40% herring meal, whereas in the other five feeds SBM was included at 11.3, 22.5, 33.8, 45.0 and 56.3% to replace 20, 40, 60, 80 or 100% of the fish meal. There were no significant differences in feed intake between fish fed the control feed and feeds in which SBM replaced 20 to 80% of the fish meal, but fish fed the fish meal free feed had higher feed intake than the other treatments. Weight gain linearly declined with the decrease of fish meal level. Final body weight (FBW) of fish fed the feeds in which SBM replaced 20% of the fish meal did not significantly differ from fish fed the control feed. Replacing 40 to 100% of the fish meal resulted in lower FBW and nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE), and higher feed conversion ratio (FCR) than those of fish fed the control feed. Fish fed the feeds in which SBM replaced 60 to 100% of the fish meal had lower condition factor and hepatosomatic index than those of fish fed the control feed. No significant differences in carcass protein content was found among the treatments, but fish fed the feeds in which SBM replaced 60 to 100% of the fish meal had higher moisture and lower lipid content in carcass than those of fish fed the control feed. Results of the present study appear to indicate that cuneate drum has a limited ability to utilize SBM as a protein source in practical feeds. 相似文献