Evaluation of salinity tolerance in honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) using growth,ion accumulation,lipid peroxidation,and non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants system criteria     

Shu-juan Cheng  William Bill Miller  Yi-min Shi 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2018,93(2):185-195

To evaluate their salt tolerance, two-year-old potted honeysuckle plants were exposed to 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl, respectively. The effects of salt stress on growth parameters, ion concentration, lipid peroxidation, and the enzymatic antioxidant system in honeysuckle were studied. Salt stress reduced biomass accumulation and root activity, and also induced oxidative stress, as indicated by elevated levels of O₂^·-, malondialdehyde content, and electrolytic leakage. Increased salinity resulted in a slight decline in the K⁺ concentration in different plant tissues, but a significant boost in Na⁺ levels, which were much higher in roots than in other tissues. The concentrations of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ increased significantly in leaves, but remained unchanged in shoots and decreased slightly in roots. Higher levels of soluble sugars and proline were observed in the plants after 30 days of NaCl treatment, suggesting that compatible osmolytes had been synthesised to acclimatise to the salinity. Under the treatments, major antioxidant enzymes involved in the reactive oxygen species scavenging system, including superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and peroxidase were activated. The increased activities of the antioxidant enzymes were significant and occurred in a time-dependent manner.  相似文献   

Changes in antioxidative system and membrane damage of lettuce in response to salinity and boron toxicity     

F. Eraslan  A. InalO. Savasturk  A. Gunes 《Scientia Horticulturae》2007

Individual and combined effects of salinity and B toxicity on growth, the major antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; ascorbate peroxidase, APX) activities, ascorbic acid, proline, and H₂O₂ accumulation, and stomatal resistance (SR), malondialdehyde (MDA), membrane permeability (MP) and the concentrations of sodium (Na), chloride (Cl) and boron (B) of lettuce were investigated. Boron toxicity and salinity reduced growth of lettuce plants. Under B toxicity, B concentration of the plants was increased, but in the presence of NaCl, the concentration of B was significantly reduced. Sodium and Cl concentrations were increased in B + NaCl and NaCl treatments. Membrane damage was more pronounced in NaCl and B + NaCl treatments. Stomatal resistance of the plants was significantly increased by salinity treatments. The accumulation of proline and ascorbic acid was the highest in the B + NaCl treatment. In general, stress conditions significantly increased H₂O₂ and antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT and APX) activities. The present results indicate that stomatal closure is an important response of lettuce against NaCl and B + NaCl stress. Furthermore NaCl and B + NaCl toxicity-induced oxidative stress in lettuce resulting in lipid peroxidation and membrane damage. Increased antioxidant enzyme activities and also accumulation of ascorbic acid and proline are involved in order to overcome B- and NaCl-induced oxidative stress.  相似文献   

Growth,biomass allocation and leaf ion concentration of seven olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars under increased salinity     

Slavko Perica  Smiljana GoretaGabriela Vuletin Selak 《Scientia Horticulturae》2008

Olive (Olea europaea L.) is the major fruit tree in the Mediterranean region, often grown in locations where plants are exposed to increased salinity. To determine the effect of NaCl on shoot and root growth, dry matter allocation, leaf Na⁺ and K⁺ concentration, electrolyte (EL) and K⁺ leakage (KL), seven olive cultivars of different origins were grown in nutrient solution containing 0, 33, 66, 100 or 166 mM NaCl for three months. The general effect of salinity was linear and quadratic decrease of observed plant growth parameters. Different responses of tested cultivars to applied levels of salinity were found for stem dry weight, shoot length and number of leaves. As salinity increased, growth of ‘Manzanillo’ declined sharply, whereas ‘Frantoio’ was the most tolerant to growth reduction in most of the observed growth parameters. Allometric analysis showed that biomass allocation under salinity stress was similar in all cultivars, but the slope between shoot weight and total plant weight decreased as salinity increased. Since the higher allocation in roots was not found, it seems that salinity only slowed the above ground plant canopy growth. Sodium concentration in leaves of all cultivars increased as salinity increased with the highest increment reached when the salinity of nutrient solution was raised from 100 to 166 mM NaCl. Significant differences among genotypes were found in leaf Na⁺ and K⁺ concentration and K⁺:Na⁺ ratio, but they were not related to the growth rate. Generally, ‘Frantoio’ and ‘Oblica’ accumulated less Na⁺ and were able to maintain higher K⁺:Na⁺ ratios as compared to other genotypes. Electrolyte leakage and KL linearly increased with increasing salinity and the magnitude of the response depended upon the olive cultivar.  相似文献   

Physiological responses and adaptive strategies of tomato plants to salt and alkali stresses     

Xiaoping Wang  Shujuan Geng  Yong-Jun Ri  Donghui Cao  Jie Liu  Decheng Shi  Chunwu Yang 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

In this study, seedlings of tomato were treated with salt stress or alkali stress. The growth, photosynthesis and concentrations of solutes and inorganic ions in tissue sap of stressed seedlings were measured to investigate the physiological adaptive mechanisms by which tomato tolerates alkali stress. The alkali stress clearly inhibited growth and photosynthesis. With increasing salinity, the Na⁺ concentration and Na⁺/K⁺ ratio in leaves increased, with greater degrees of increase under alkali than under salt stress. This indicated that high-pH caused by alkali stress might affect the control of roots on Na⁺ uptake and increased the intracellular Na⁺ to a toxic level, which might be the main cause of reductions of stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rates under alkali stress. Under salt stress, organic acids (OAs), Na⁺, K⁺ and Cl⁻ were the main osmolytes in both roots and leaves. Under alkali stress, roots and leaves revealed different mechanisms of ion balance and osmotic regulation. Under alkali stress, in roots, OAs and Na⁺ were the main osmolytes, and the osmotic role of K⁺ was small; however, in leaves, OAs, Na⁺ and K⁺ all played important osmotic roles. The mechanisms governing ionic balance under both stresses were different. Under salt stress, the contribution of inorganic ions to keep ion balance was greater than that of OAs. However, under alkali stress, Cl⁻, H₂PO₄⁻ and SO₄²⁻ concentrations decreased, and tomato might have enhanced OA synthesis to compensate for the shortage of inorganic anions.  相似文献   

Effects of Ascorbic Acid and Reduced Glutathione on the Alleviation of Salinity Stress in Olive Plants     

S. Aliniaeifard  J. Hajilou  S. J. Tabatabaei  M. Sifi-Kalhor 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2016,16(4):395-409

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of low molecular mass antioxidants and NaCl salinity on growth, ionic balance, proline, and water contents of ‘Zard’ olive trees under controlled greenhouse conditions. The experiment was carried out by spraying 2 mM of ascorbic acid (Asc) and 3 mM of reduced glutathione (GSH) on the plants that were treated with two salinity levels (0 and 100 mM NaCl) on their root medium. Plant growth parameters (leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, leaf number, total fresh weight, and total dry weight) were significantly improved by Asc compared with growth parameters in GSH and control plants. Higher concentrations of Na⁺ and Cl^– were observed in salt-stressed plants, while Na⁺ and Cl^– concentrations were decreased in the olive leaves that were sprayed with Asc. Salinity in the root zone caused a considerable decline in both K⁺ concentration and K/Na ratio. K⁺ concentration and K/Na ratio were significantly increased by application of Asc on plant leaves. Salinity caused an increase in electrolyte leakage (EL) compared with the control plants. Lowest EL and tissue water content (TWC) was obtained in Asc-sprayed plants, whereas TWC was increased in salt-stressed plants. Plants were subjected to salt stress and showed a higher relative water content (RWC) than the control plants. Salt stress induced proline accumulation in olive leaves. In conclusion, exogenous application of Asc is recommended to improve tolerance of olive plants under saline conditions.  相似文献   

NO 和ABA 对辣椒幼苗自毒作用缓解的生理生化机制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张国斌  郁继华  冯致  马彦霞  吕剑 《园艺学报》2013,40(3):458-466

 为探究NO 和ABA 对辣椒幼苗自毒作用缓解的生理生化机制,以蛭石珍珠岩混合基质栽培 的辣椒‘陇椒2 号’幼苗为材料,用连作3 年辣椒的土壤和基质浸提液浇灌幼苗,研究喷施外源SNP（NO 供体,150 μmol · L-1）和ABA（100 μmol · L-1）对自毒作用下辣椒幼苗叶片的抗氧化酶活性、抗氧化剂 和渗透调节物质含量、膜脂过氧化损伤的影响。结果表明,土壤和基质浸提液均导致辣椒幼苗叶片超氧 化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性,以及脱氢抗坏血酸（DHA）含量 的下降;还原型抗坏血酸（AsA）、脯氨酸（Pro）、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛（MDA）含量,以及相对电导率 和AsA/DHA 上升;土壤浸提液胁迫程度显著大于基质浸提液。外源NO 和ABA 处理显著提高辣椒幼苗 叶片的SOD、POD 和CAT 活性,以及Pro 和可溶性蛋白含量,降低MDA 含量和相对电导率,显著促进 AsA 含量升高和DHA 含量下降,维持较高的AsA/DHA,NO 对自毒作用下辣椒幼苗氧化损伤的缓解效应 显著好于ABA。研究结果表明外源NO 和ABA 通过提高自毒作用下辣椒抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质含 量和AsA/DHA 比值,有效地阻止辣椒体内MDA 积累和电解质渗漏,缓解自毒作用对辣椒幼苗造成的膜 脂过氧化,增强辣椒的抗逆性。  相似文献   

Growth responses and ion regulation of four warm season turfgrasses to long-term salinity stress     

Jingbo Chen  Jun Yan  Yaling Qian  Yanqin Jiang  Tingting Zhang  Hailin Guo  Aigui Guo  Jianxiu Liu   《Scientia Horticulturae》2009,122(4):620-625

Increased need for salinity tolerant turfgrasses continues due to increased use of saline water for lawn irrigation and turfgrass establishment on highly saline soil in arid and seashore regions. Turfgrasses growing on saline soil suffer from long-term salinity stress, so this experiment was conducted to study the salinity tolerance, growth, and physiological responses of four warm season turfgrasses [including ‘Diamond’ zoysiagrass (Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.), ‘Z080’ zoysiagrass (Z. japonica Steud.), ‘C291’ bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers), and ‘Adalayd’ seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.)] to 9 months of salinity stress. Seven salinity levels of irrigation water (0, 90, 180, 360, 540, 720, and 900 mM NaCl) were applied to turfgrasses grown in plastic tubes in a glass room. The salinity tolerance decreased in the following order according to percent green leaf canopy area after 9 months of salinity treatments: ‘Diamond’ > ‘Adalayd’ > ‘C291’ > ‘Z080’. Leaf weight, leaf length, canopy height, shoot density were significantly affected by salinity treatments for all turfgrasses. However, leaf width and/or leaf number per shoot were not affected by salinity in all turfgrasses except ‘Diamond’. Leaf and/or root water contents were also little affected. As salinity increased, leaf and root Na⁺ concentrations and Na⁺/K⁺ rates increased significantly and K⁺ concentrations decreased significantly except that of ‘Adalayd’ leaf. ‘Diamond’ and ‘Z080’ could reduce Na⁺ accumulation in the leaves by salt secretion from salt glands, while ‘Adalayd’ could exclude Na⁺ from the leaves and accumulate K⁺ in the leaves. ‘C291’ exhibited both ion regulation mechanisms, but to much less extent. Different growth responses and ion regulation means of four turfgrasses reflected different salinity tolerance mechanisms.  相似文献   

Stock-Scion Incompatibility in Citrus and its Cause     

H. J. Toxopeus 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):360-364

Summary

The effects of 75 mM and 150 mM NaCl (EC 8.50 and 15.35 dS m^–1) were studied on a salt-tolerant and a salt-sensitive pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) genotype. The salt-tolerant genotype showed lower declines in relative water content (RWC), no change in chlorophyll (Chl) content, lower increases in lipid peroxidation, and greater increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total protein content, and glutathione content. The salt-sensitive genotype showed greater decreases in RWC, Chl content, SOD activity, and in guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) activity, and higher increases in lipid perxidation and the amount of proline, with a negligible increase in glutathione content.These results revealed that increases occurred in some anti-oxidative stress enzymes in the salt-tolerant pepper genotype, as well as increases in glutathione content under salinity stress. These may provide better protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS).  相似文献   

Effect of 24-epibrassinolide on growth,yield, antioxidant system and cadmium content of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants under salinity and cadmium stress     

Mostafa M. Rady 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

The plants of Phaseolus vulgaris L. were grown in the presence of NaCl and/or CdCl₂ and were sprayed with 5 μM of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) at 15 days after transplanting (DAT) and were sampled at 30 DAT and at the end of experiment. The plants exposed to NaCl and/or CdCl₂ exhibited a significant decline in growth, the level of pigment parameters, green pod yield and pod protein. However, the follow up treatment with EBL detoxified the stress generated by NaCl and/or CdCl₂ and significantly improved the above parameters. The NaCl and/or CdCl₂ increased electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation and plant Cd²⁺ content, and decreased the membrane stability index (MSI) and relative water content. However, the EBL treatment in absence of the stress improved the MSI and relative water content and minimized plant Cd²⁺ content but could not influence electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation. The antioxidative enzymes and the level of proline exhibited a significant increase in response to EBL as well as to NaCl and/or CdCl₂ stress.  相似文献   

低温胁迫对嫁接黄瓜叶片抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

高俊杰  秦爱国  于贤昌 《园艺学报》2009,36(2):215-219

 为了探讨嫁接增强黄瓜抗冷性的分子机制,本试验以黑籽南瓜为砧木,‘津绿3号’黄瓜为接穗,对低温胁迫下嫁接和自嫁黄瓜幼苗叶片抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环中抗氧化酶基因的表达和相关酶活性及AsA、GSH和 H₂0₂含量变化进行了研究。结果表明: 低温胁迫下, 嫁接黄瓜叶片DHAR mRNA和GR mRNA相对表达量均大于自嫁黄瓜,GalLDH mRNA和APX mRNA相对表达量均与自嫁黄瓜差异无显著差异; DHAR、GR、GalLDH和APX活性均高于自嫁黄瓜;AsA和GSH含量与AsA/DHA和GSH/GSSG比值均高于自嫁黄瓜, DHA、GSSG和H₂O₂含量均低于自嫁黄瓜。嫁接黄瓜叶片DHAR和GR较高的转录水平维持的较高DHAR和GR活性是AsA和GSH含量明显高于自嫁黄瓜的重要原因, 而嫁接黄瓜叶片较高的GalLDH和APX活性与GalLDH mRNA和APX mRNA相对表达量无关。  相似文献   

刺梨果实主要抗氧化组分对机械伤及 UV-B 胁迫的响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨曼  安华明  黄伟  张雪 《园艺学报》2012,39(4):629-636

 以‘贵农5 号’刺梨为材料,研究了果实发育过程中主要抗氧化组分对机械伤及UV-B 胁迫的响应。结果表明：机械伤和UV-B 处理均可诱导刺梨果实中H2O2 等自由基的产生,并促使膜脂过氧化水平增加;但抗氧化系统对两种胁迫的响应模式不尽相同：机械伤胁迫下抗氧化酶POD、SOD 以及非酶组分AsA、GSH 均受快速产生的H2O2 等自由基诱导,表现出快速应激响应;之后这两种抗氧化酶呈现出逐渐降低的趋势,而AsA 和GSH 则一直保持在较高水平。在UV-B 处理中,需要较长时间额外增加UV-B辐射才会有效增加成熟果实中SOD、AsA 及GSH 等组分的活性或积累;而在减弱紫外处理时,SOD、POD和GSH 的变化均表现出前期升高后期回落的趋势。机械伤和UV-B 胁迫下,CAT 和APX 等酶只是间或或根本无法检测到活性。总体上看,POD + SOD 以及AsA + GSH 的共同作用是刺梨果实在这两种胁迫下抗氧化反应的主要机制。  相似文献   

Alleviation of salt-induced adverse effects in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) by glycinebetaine and sugarbeet extracts     

Wasim Abbas  Muhammad Ashraf  Nudrat Aisha Akram 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010

Two eggplant cultivars, Dilnasheen and Bemisal, were selected to assess whether pure GB and sugarbeet extract could effectively ameliorate the harmful effects of salt stress on eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), under saline conditions. Salt stress markedly suppressed the growth, yield, photosynthetic capacity, internal CO₂ level, transpiration, and stomatal conductance in both cultivars. Potassium (K⁺) and Ca²⁺ contents and K⁺/Na⁺ ratios of both root and leaf were also reduced, while GB and proline in leaves, and Na⁺ and Cl⁻ contents in roots and leaves were significantly enhanced. Exogenously applied glycinebetaine and sugarbeet extracts significantly counteracted the salt-induced adverse effects on growth, yield, various gas exchange characteristics, GB and leaf K⁺, Ca⁺, Cl⁻ and Na⁺. However, GB and sugarbeet extract showed differential effects on photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration, internal CO₂ level, C_i/C_a ratio, leaf K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Cl⁻ contents, and K⁺/Na⁺ ratio. Sugarbeet extract proved better than the GB in improving growth, photosynthetic rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance, yield and GB accumulation. Since, sugarbeet extract contains a substantial amount of GB along with a variety of other important nutrients so it was found as effective as pure GB in improving growth and some key physiological processes in eggplant under salt stress. Thus, it can be used as an alternative cheaper source of GB for its use as an ameliorative agent for protecting plants against the hazardous effects of salt stress.  相似文献   

外源抗坏血酸对离体苹果叶片衰老的影响   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

马春花  马锋旺  李明军  韩明玉  束怀瑞 《园艺学报》2006,33(6):1179-1184

 以苹果(Malus domestica Borkh. ) 品种‘嘎拉’秋梢成熟叶片为试材, 在5 mmol·L ^{- 1}抗坏血酸(AsA) 培养条件下, 研究了外源AsA 对离体苹果叶片衰老过程( 0 ～72 h) 中抗坏血酸—谷胱甘肽(AsA - GSH) 循环各组分和AsA合成关键酶L - 半乳糖酸- 1, 4 - 内酯脱氢酶(GalLDH) 的影响。结果表明, 外源AsA部分抑制了离体苹果叶片衰老过程中膜脂过氧化, 降低了H2O2含量, 但对表示膜损伤的相对膜透性影响不大。对AsA - GSH循环各组分来说, 外源AsA维持了叶片衰老过程中抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX) 和脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DAHR) 的高活性, 部分抑制了单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR) 活性的下降, 同时降低了GSH的氧化程度, 从而提高了AsA含量和再生能力。外源AsA 在衰老前期抑制了GalLDH活性, 降低了AsA的合成能力, 而后期维持了GalLDH的高活性。  相似文献   

Responses of eight chile peppers to saline water irrigation     

Genhua Niu  Denise S. Rodriguez  Evan Call  Paul W. Bosland  April Ulery  Erik Acosta 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010

Salt tolerance of five cultivars of Capsicum annuum L. Early Jalapeno, Golden Treasure, NuMex Sweet, NuMex Joe E. Parker, and Santa Fe Grande, two cultivars of C. chinense Jacq. Habanero and Pimienta De Chiera, and one accession of C. annuum, NMCA 10652, were evaluated in a field study. Seedlings were transplanted in late May to field raised beds containing loamy sand soils in a semi-arid environment. Plants were well irrigated throughout the experiment. Three saline solution treatments, prepared by adding NaCl, MgSO₄, and CaCl₂ to tap water at different amounts to create three salinity levels of 0.82 dS m⁻¹ (control, tap water), 2.5 dS m⁻¹, and 4.1 dS m⁻¹ electrical conductivity (EC), were initiated on 15th June and ended in late August. Among the eight varieties, NMCA 10652 had the highest survival percentage at 100% in the 4.1 dS m⁻¹ treatment, followed by ‘Early Jalapeno’, ‘NuMex Sweet’, ‘Pimienta De Chiera’, ‘Santa Fe Grande’, ‘Golden Treasure’, and ‘NuMex Joe E. Parker’. ‘Habanero’ had the lowest survival at 28%. Compared to control, final shoot dry weight of the plants irrigated with saline solution at 4.1 dS m⁻¹ was reduced by 92% in ‘Habanero’, followed by ‘Golden Treasure’ at 80%. For fruit fresh weight in 4.1 dS m⁻¹ vs. control, ‘Habanero’ had the highest reduction at 86%, followed by ‘Golden Treasure’ at 74%, while NMCA 10652 and ‘Santa Fe Grande’ had the least at 26% and 19%, respectively. NMCA 10652, the most tolerant to salinity, had the lowest leaf Na⁺ accumulation, while ‘Habanero’, the most sensitive to salinity, had the highest Na⁺ in the leaves. For leaf Cl⁻, ‘Early Jalapeno’ had the highest, while ‘Habanero’ had the lowest Cl⁻ accumulation in the leaves. Generally, sensitive varieties accumulated more Na⁺ and/or Cl⁻ in leaves, except for ‘Early Jalapeno’, which was relatively tolerant to salinity but had high Na⁺ and Cl⁻ accumulation in leaves.  相似文献   

Assessment of tolerance to NaCl salinity of five olive cultivars,based on growth characteristics and Na and Cl exclusion mechanisms     

Haifa Kchaou  Ajmi Larbi  Kamel Gargouri  Mohamed Chaieb  Fermín Morales  Monji Msallem 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010

Changes caused by NaCl-induced salinity on several growth parameters and ions accumulation have been measured in five olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars (‘Chemlali’, ‘Chetoui’, ‘Koroneiki’, ‘Arbequina I18’, and ‘Arbosana I43’) growing in a greenhouse in nutrient solution pot experiment. One-year-old plants were transplanted to sand–perlite (1:1) culture, and were irrigated with half-strength Hoagland nutrient solution containing NaCl at various levels (0.5, 50, 100 and 200 mM). Salinity induced significant decrease in growth parameters, but to a different extent in each cultivar. Leaf growth and total leaf area per plant were significantly affected by all salinity treatments in all studied cultivars, being ‘Arbequina I18’ the most sensitive cultivar. Leaf drop phenomenon was observed from 60 days after salt application at high salinity treatments, mainly in Arbequina I18. Contrary to leaf area, leaf thickness increased progressively during the experiment. ‘Chemlali’ developed thicker leaves at the two highest salinity treatments when compared to the other cultivars. Na⁺ and Cl⁻ concentrations were higher in roots than in shoots and leaves in most of the cultivars investigated. The effectiveness of Na⁺ exclusion mechanism in the roots differed significantly among studied cultivars, working effectively in ‘Chemlali’ (by inhibiting translocation of Na⁺ to the aerial part) and being much less efficient in ‘Arbequina I18’. Furthermore, leaf abscission can be considered as an additional tolerance mechanism of olive cultivars allowing the elimination of leaves that had accumulated Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions. Tolerance to salinity stress was as follows: ‘Chemlali’ > ‘Chetoui’ > ‘Arbosana I43’ > ‘Koroneiki’ > ‘Arbequina I18’. This order of salt tolerance was indicated by lower reduction in plant growth parameters (shoot elongation, trunk diameter, total plant dry weight, internodes length, and total leaf area), the increase of leaf thickness, and by the effectiveness of the exclusion mechanism of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ in the root system.  相似文献   

Positive effects of plant growth regulators on physiology responses of Fragaria × ananassa cv. ‘Camarosa’ under salt stress     

Somayeh Faghih  Abdolkarim Zarei  Cyrus Ghobadi 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2019,19(1):104-114

This experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of foliar spraying salicylic acid (SA) and methyl Jasmonate (MJ) on the physiology responses of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa cv. ‘Camarosa’) grown under salinity stress. According to results, SA and MJ significantly reduced the injuries caused by salt stress, possibly through promoting K⁺ accumulation as well as decreasing the electrolyte leakage and Na⁺ contents in the leaves. The best protective effects resulted from 0.75 mM SA and 0.25 mM MJ treatments. These results indicate that SA and MJ can effectively improve the defense system and antioxidant capacity of strawberry in the salt affected environments.  相似文献   

不同叶龄苹果叶片抗坏血酸含量与其代谢相关酶活性的比较   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

马春花  马锋旺  李明军  韩明玉  束怀瑞 《园艺学报》2007,34(4):995-998

以‘嘎拉’苹果(Malus domestica Borkh. ‘Gala’) 叶片为试材, 研究了幼叶、展开叶、成熟叶、衰老叶4个不同时期叶片的抗坏血酸(AsA) 含量、合成和代谢相关酶活性及其相互之间的关系。结果表明, 不同叶龄苹果叶片总抗坏血酸和AsA含量的变化趋势一致, 均在成熟期最高, 衰老期开始下降,AsA关键合成酶GalLDH 活性表现出相应的变化。同时, 有助于AsA 再生的脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR) 、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR) 、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR) 活性均在叶片衰老期最低, 并伴有抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX) 活性的下降和H2O2的大量积累, 使抗坏血酸氧化程度在衰老期也达到最大。  相似文献   

Regulation of some biochemical attributes in drought-stressed cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) by seed pre-treatment with ascorbic acid     

M. Latif  M. Ashraf 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2016,91(2):129-137

Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) is widely used as a vegetable in many countries; however, productivity is adversely affected in areas affected by drought. To investigate the role of exogenously applied ascorbic acid (AsA) in mitigating the negative effects of drought on cauliflower, a pot experiment was performed using two cultivars of cauliflower ‘Local’ and ‘S-78’. Seeds of both cultivars were soaked in 75 mg l^–1, or in 150 mg l^–1 AsA, or in water (control) for 16 h. Water-deficit stress suppressed plant growth, reduced leaf chlorophyll concentrations, relative water contents (RWC), shoot and root P and K⁺ ion concentrations, and total soluble protein concentrations, significantly. However, significant drought-induced increases were observed in relative membrane permeability (RMP), the accumulation of total phenolic compounds, leaf free proline, glycinebetaine (GB), endogenous AsA, and hydrogen peroxide concentrations, and in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Seed treatment with 75 or 150 mg l^–1 AsA resulted in lower accumulations of H₂O₂, while increasing shoot and root fresh weights and dry weights, RWC, total phenolic compound, free proline, GB, and endogenous AsA concentrations, and the activities of SOD and catalase (CAT). No changes were observed in leaf chlorophyll concentrations or in peroxidase (POD) activities, RMP, shoot and root P and K⁺ ion accumulation, or in total soluble protein concentrations under water stress or non-stress conditions following seed treatment with AsA. ‘Local’ had higher proline concentrations and SOD activities; however, ‘S-78’ had higher RWC values, GB, and AsA concentrations. Overall, a pre-sowing treatment of cauliflower seed with 75 or 150 mg l^–1 AsA improved seedling tolerance to drought stress in both cultivars, which could be attributed to AsA-induced decreases in RMP and H₂O₂ concentrations, increases in the activities of CAT and SOD, increased RWC, and higher total phenolic compound, proline, GB, and AsA concentrations. The exogenous application of AsA therefore offers an effective strategy to minimise the adverse effects of drought stress on vegetable crops, including cauliflower.  相似文献   

Ameliorative effects of biological treatments on growth of squash plants under salt stress   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E. Yildirim  A.G. Taylor  T.D. Spittler 《Scientia Horticulturae》2006

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of selected biologicals on direct seeded and transplanted squash plant growth and mineral content under salinity stress. The study was conducted in pot experiments using a mixture of sandy loam soil:vermiculite (1:1, v:v) under controlled greenhouse conditions. Biologicals tested included AgBlend, SoilBuilder, Yield Shield, PlantShield, Inoculaid and Equity. Salinity treatments were established by adding 0, 50 and 100 mM of NaCl to a base complete nutrient solution (Hydro-Sol + Ca(NO₃)₂). Pots were irrigated with NaCl solutions and biological treatments were included in the water. Yield Shield was applied as a seed treatment. Salinity negatively affected growth of squash; however, biological treatments significantly increased fresh weight compared to non-treated plants that were challenged with salt stress. Furthermore, biological treatments tested increased the uptake of potassium compared to the non-treated control in both direct seeded and transplanted squash. Sodium concentration was not affected by biologicals in directed seeded squash except for SoilBuilder, Yield Shield and Equity at 100 mM, while AgBlend, SoilBuilder, Inoculaid and Equity decreased sodium uptake in transplants under salt stress. The most effective biologicals increased the K⁺/Na⁺ ratio, which was positively correlated with plant growth. Alteration of mineral uptake may be one mechanism for the alleviation of salt stress. Based on the results of the experiment reported herein, the use of biological treatments may provide a means of facilitating plant growth under salt stress.  相似文献   

Calcium increases sodium exclusion in olive plants     

J.C. Melgar  M. BenllochR. Fernández-Escobar 《Scientia Horticulturae》2006

‘Picual’ olive cuttings were grown in a greenhouse under saline conditions in 2 L plastic pots containing perlite. Plants were irrigated with a nutrient solution plus 75 mM NaCl and 0, 2.5, 10 or 40 mM CaCl₂. Vegetative growth, leaf and root Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentrations were measured. Na⁺ toxicity symptoms were observed in plants non-treated with Ca²⁺. Shoot length was higher in Ca²⁺ treated plants, although shoot growth was reduced at 40 mM CaCl₂, probably due to the high total ion concentration reached in the external solution. Ca²⁺ supply linearly increased leaf and root Ca²⁺ concentration and decreased leaf Na⁺ concentration. However, there were no differences in root Na⁺ concentration. Results indicate Ca²⁺ may take part in the Na⁺ exclusion mechanism, mainly preventing Na⁺ transport to the shoot, that may be an important ability for survival under saline conditions.  相似文献