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1.
Cucumber chilling-resistant cultivar Changchun mici and -sensitive cultivar Beijing jietou were used in this study to investigate the effects of exogenous PAs on protection against chilling injury as well as on changes of physiological features, and the fluctuation of free PAs content in the leaves under chilling stress. Upon chilling treatment, free spermidine (Spd), spermine (Spm) and putrescine (Put) were remarkably induced in the leaves of cv. Changchun mici 1 day after treatment. The induction of Put declined thereafter, whereas Spd and Spm levels increased steadily. In the leaves of cv. Beijing jietou, Put content was increased only at 1 day after chilling while Spd content decreased significantly upon chilling treatment. Chilling reduced soluble protein content, and decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) only in Beijing jietou. However, these changes could be renovated by exogenous application of Put and Spd. It was also found that pretreatment with Put and Spd diminished the increased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content caused by chilling in the leaves of both cultivars. Pretreatment of methyglyoxal-bis-(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), the PAs biosynthetic inhibitor cancelled the effects of PAs in most of the treatments. Moreover, histochemical staining and quantitative measurements showed that exogenous application of Put and Spd eliminated but MGBG exaggerated the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation caused by chilling stress, especially in leaves of Beijing jietou. Interestingly, Changchun mici was found to contain higher endogenous free PAs contents compared to Beijing jietou. While no significant difference of SOD, POD and CAT activities was found between non-chilling Changchun mici and Beijing jietou seedlings, the former exhibited higher APX activity than the latter. These results suggest that PAs play important roles in the tolerance of cucumber against chilling stress, which is most likely achieved by acting as oxidative machinery against chilling injury. 相似文献
2.
M. Arun R. Radhakrishnan T.N. Ai A.H. Naing I.J. Lee 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2016,91(6):562-572
This study aimed to determine ways to improve the growth and salt tolerance of petunia. Effects of polyamines (PAs; spermidine [Spd], spermine [Spm], and putrescine [Put]) and a nitric oxide (NO) donor (sodium nitroprusside [SNP]) were investigated. Initially, we screened petunia cultivars against sodium chloride (0–125 mM). The petunia cultivar Hurrah Red was identified as salt-sensitive cultivar in the basis of salt-effect on seed germination, fresh weight, and root length of seedlings. Treatment of Hurrah Red shoots with nitrogenous compounds improved the number, length, and fresh weight of roots, as well as the length and fresh weight of shoots over those of the control. Furthermore, plantlets rooted in an optimal concentration of Spd (34.5 µM), Spm (24.8 µM), Put (62.1 µM), and SNP (3.9 µM) were treated with 200 mM NaCl for 3 days to assess their tolerance level. Salt-affected plantlets showed higher level of lipid peroxidation, reduced catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities and decreased contents of photosynthetic pigments and polyphenol than those of the control. PAs and SNP treatments significantly elevated photosynthetic pigments, enhanced antioxidant enzymes, and decreased lipid peroxidation in salt-stressed plantlets. Moreover, the growth and salt-tolerance response of petunia was highest when plantlets were exposed to SNP, followed by levels on treatment with Put, Spm, and Spd. Thus, the findings of this study suggested that treatment with exogenous SNP, Put, Spm, and Spd could protect petunia plants against soil salinity and improve their commercial production. 相似文献
3.
黄瓜花药和花粉高温伤害与多胺和脯氨酸含量的关系 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
黄瓜花药在开花期比花粉母细胞形成期(阶段1) 和单核花粉期(阶段2) 腐胺、精胺、亚精胺含量较低, 游离脯氨酸(Pro) 含量较高。高温(35 ℃/ 25 ℃) 使阶段1、阶段2 花药中上述3 种内源多胺含量及开花期花药和花粉中Pro 含量下降。黄瓜花粉在萌发培养基上培养1 h 时3 种内源多胺含量达峰值,此后下降; Pro 含量随着花粉萌发逐步下降; 高温(35 ℃) 下黄瓜花粉萌发后3 种内源多胺含量的上升和Pro 水平的下降趋势被抑制, 但耐热品系XC21、NY21 受高温的影响小于热敏品系新泰密刺或不受影响, 表明多胺和Pro 代谢与耐热性有关。外源鸟氨酸转氨酶(OAT) 的抑制剂3 氨基- 2 , 3 - 二羟基安息香酸(Gabaculine) 能降低黄瓜花粉的萌发能力, 同时提高花粉中内源多胺的含量并降低Pro 的含量, 表明黄瓜花粉萌发过程中可能存在由Pro 合成多胺的途径。 相似文献
4.
低温胁迫下4种苹果砧木叶片多胺的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以山定子(Malus baccata Borkh)、新疆野苹果[M.sieversii(Ledeb)Roem]、烟台沙果[M.prunifoli(Willd)Borkh]和莱芜难咽(M.micromalus Makino)等4种苹果砧木为试材,测定了低温胁迫下不同砧木叶片的多胺含量。结果表明,胁迫6 h时叶片的MDA含量可反映4个砧木的耐寒性,从高到低依次为山定子>新疆野苹果>莱芜难咽>烟台沙果;低温胁迫能明显诱导多胺总量(PAs)、腐胺(Put)、亚精胺(Spd)和精胺(Spm)的合成,耐寒性强的山定子和新疆野苹果PAs、Put和Spd增加显著,而耐寒性较弱的莱芜难咽和烟台沙果多胺和3种胺的变化不大。低温胁迫6 h时,MDA变化量与叶片PAs、Put、Spd变化量以及Put/PAs比值呈极显著或显著负相关,而与(Spd+Spm)/Put、Spd/PAs、Spm/PAs呈显著正相关,与Spm变化量无相关关系,表明当低温胁迫下叶片PAs、Put、Spd增加量较大时,苹果砧木耐低温胁迫的能力比较强,PAs、Put及Spd在胁迫条件下的增加量可作为苹果砧木耐低温胁迫能力高低的鉴定指标。 相似文献
5.
Cyclocarya paliurus is native to China and is the sole species in its genus. However, the seeds remain deeply dormant for 2 years in their natural environment. We tested different pretreatments of chemical scarification and exogenous application of gibberellic acid (GA3) for efficacy in breaking dormancy and speeding germination. In contrast to scarified seeds, non-scarified seed did not germinate, indicating that C. paliurus seeds have hard, impermeable seed coat dormancy. Exogenous application of GA3 significantly enhanced germination of scarified seeds. Compared with seeds stratified in sand with water, the germination of seeds stratified in sand moistened with 400 ppm GA3 for 60 days was significantly increased and germination rate was over 90% after 120 days. Analysis of variance indicated that both GA3 concentration and stratification medium had significant effects on seed germination and final germination percentage. Germination was higher for longer stratification periods, but no significant difference in germination was observed after 90 days. These results suggested that C. paliurus seeds exhibit both exogenous and endogenous dormancy. A combination of chemical scarification and exogenous application of GA3 alleviated seed dormancy in a relatively short period of time. 相似文献
6.
Wild asparagus (Asparagus acutifolius L.) is a widespread species found in all the Mediterranean areas. The spears are highly valued by consumers and owing to its frugality, this species is a feasible new crop with high income potential, especially for Mediterranean marginal areas. Currently, the cultivation of this species is limited because of its low and erratic seed germination that makes difficult the production of seedlings for plant propagation. In this research, non-after-ripened (1 month-old) and after-ripened seeds (dry stored at room temperature for 13 months) were exposed for 30 days in the dark to three moist stratification treatments: cold (5 °C), warm (23 °C) or no stratification; subsequently they were soaked for 12 h in warm water (35 °C) or not soaked. The effect of these pre-germination treatments on three germination parameters (germination percentage, time to 50% of final germination – T50 – and germination pattern) was studied, as well as some possible seed dormancy forms involved therein. The 1-year dry storage period proved to be effective in after-ripened seeds by enhancing seed sensitivity to the subsequent pre-germination treatments. After-ripened seeds exhibited higher and more rapid germination compared to non-after-ripened seeds. Soaking, cold or warm moist stratification had similar single effect on non-after-ripened seeds (27% germination). With after-ripened seeds, only soaking or warm stratification were effective (47% germination) when singularly applied, while cold stratification did not improve germination. By combining stratification and soaking treatments, a higher germination for both non-after-ripened and after-ripened seed-lots was achieved. The highest germination was obtained when after-ripened seeds were stratified and soaked (76%), without any significant difference between cold or warm stratification. Single or combined application of moist stratification (regardless of the temperature used) and soaking resulted always in a faster germination compared to that of no-treated seeds and especially with after-ripened seeds (T50 = 6 days). A non-deep type 1 physiological dormancy can be hypothesized for the seeds of this species. Low stratification temperature induce secondary dormancy in after-ripened seeds that can be removed by soaking them at 35 °C for 12 h. 相似文献
7.
外源多胺对核桃雌雄花芽分化及叶片内源多胺含量的影响 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
以‘辽宁1号’核桃为试材，研究了外源多胺对雌雄花芽分化及叶片内源多胺含量的影响。两年试验结果表明，喷施1×10-3mol·L-1和1×10-4mol·L-1的腐胺(Put)和亚精胺(Spd)能够显著增加雌花数量，提高雌雄花芽比例。在雌花芽生理分化期，芽内Put、Spd和精胺(Spm)含量升高并达高峰，叶片内Put含量累积并达高峰，而Spd、Spm含量变化不大。1×10-3mol·L 的Put和Spd处理可提高叶片内源多胺含量，其中内源Put、Spd的含量升高早于内源Spm含量的升高。 相似文献
8.
Seeds of wild asparagus (Asparagus acutifolius L.) were treated and compared in this research to investigate seed dormancy class and level involved in this species. Four seed lots were compared: (i) freshly harvested seeds in 2007 (07Fr); (ii) freshly harvested seeds in 2008 (08Fr); (iii) after-ripened (AR) 2007 seeds dry stored in glass jars (ARg); (iv) AR 2007 seeds dry stored in paper bags (ARp). The 07Fr seeds were exposed to (1) chemical scarification combined with gibberellic acid (GA3) levels (0, 200, 400, and 600 mg L−1) and to (2) 28-day moist stratification at 5 and 23 °C, and two sequences of 5/23 °C combined with 0 and 400 GA3 mg L−1 levels, and (3) together to the 08Fr and AR seeds were exposed to 56-day moist stratification at 5, 23, or 5/23 °C. With the 08Fr and AR seed lots this last stratification treatment was combined with 0 or 800 GA3 mg L−1 levels. The dormancy depth of 08Fr (32% germination) was less than 07Fr seeds (2%). The latter after-ripened during dry storage and when stored in glass germinated more (47.5%) than in paper (12%). Stratification for 4 weeks was ineffective in improving germination of 07Fr seeds; when chemically scarified they did not germinate at all. The highest (nearly 70%) and the most rapid and uniform germination were observed for all the lots when they were warm stratified for 56 days. Warm stratification improved germination more than alternate temperature stratification, while cold stratification inhibited germination especially for the 08Fr and ARg lots, thus seeds seem not to have a morphological component to their dormancy. GA3 only improved germination of 07Fr seeds, at a low rate. A. acutifolius seeds fit the characteristics of a non-deep physiological dormancy. 相似文献
9.
‘新高’梨花粉败育与内源多胺含量变化的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以花粉败育的‘新高’梨和花粉可育的‘丰水’梨为试材, 对不同发育阶段的花蕾或花药内不同形态的腐胺( Put) 、亚精胺( Spd) 和精胺( Spm) 含量进行了分析, 以探讨多胺种类和形态与新高花粉败育的关系。结果表明: 新高花蕾发育过程中游离态的Put和Spd含量变化幅度不大, 丰水则在单核花粉到二核花粉时期出现高峰, 在单核花粉期到单核花粉晚期含量是新高的3～5倍。新高中游离态的Spm也显著低于丰水; 丰水中高氯酸可溶共价结合态Put、Spd和Spm含量逐渐增加, 新高在花粉败育前期或败育期出现不同于丰水的高峰; 除丰水成熟的花药外, 两个品种中高氯酸不溶结合态多胺含量的变化基本一致; 两个品种的不同形态Put、Spd和Spm总量在败育前期差异不显著, 此后新高显著低于丰水; 丰水中的多胺均以游离态为主, 新高以高氯酸可溶结合态为主。 相似文献
10.
采用不同浓度的（0,10,20,30,40,50,60mg／L）烯效唑溶液对甜玉米种子浸种处理7h,幼苗培养,测定相关形态和生理指标。试验结果表明,10-60mg／L浓度范围的烯效唑浸种可提高甜玉米的发芽势和发芽率;随着烯效唑浓度升高,植株矮化,根长、地上干质量、／ET干质量、叶面积以及根冠比均增加。与对照相比。幼苗叶片过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性增强,丙二醛（MAD）含量降低,可溶性糖、蛋白质和叶绿素含量升高。试验结果进一步证明了烯效唑能够壮苗,提高保护性酶的活性,增强甜玉米幼苗的抵抗逆境的能力,使用浓度以40—50mg／L为佳。 相似文献
11.
There are no standardized procedures for sanitizing orchid seeds for propagation by tissue culture and there is insufficient information about the optimum stage of orchid seed development for best germination. Phalaenopsis amabilis flowers were hand-pollinated and fruits harvested 90, 105, and 120 d after pollination (DAP) for seed developmental analysis. Embryo cell number per seed was counted after staining with 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and viewing through a confocal microscope. Germination percentage and cell number per embryo increased from 14 to 61% and 41 to 66%, respectively, during fruit development from 90 to 120 DAP. Seeds from mature, browning (∼140 DAP) Phalaenopsis Sogo Lit-Angel and Phalaenopsis spp. breeding line 9450 seed pods failed to germinate until frozen at −196, −80, or −18 °C and thawed or chilled at 4 °C for 10 d. Germinability in 140 DAP seeds was correlated with cracked testa after freezing and thawing. P. amabilis seeds were treated with 0, 5, 10, or 15% calcium hypochlorite (CH) for 5, 10, or 15 min. Ninety six percent of untreated seeds from 90 DAP fruit produced protocorms within 40 d after sowing (DAS). Exposing seeds to 5% CH for 10 or 15 min decreased germination to 85 and 73%, respectively. Exposure to 10 or 15% CH for 5, 10, or 15 min produced seed germination percentages of less than 40%. Protocorms developed root hairs and shoot primordia by 50 DAS and an average of one leaf and root by 85 DAS after treatment with either 0 or 5% CH. Higher concentrations delayed or inhibited protocorm development. Green fruits 120 DAP produced the highest percentage of protocorms, while ∼140 DAP seeds from browning fruit were dormant but cold treatments increased germination. 相似文献
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13.
采用不同浓度的(0,10,20,30,40,50,60 mg/L)烯效唑溶液对甜玉米种子浸种处理7 h,幼苗培养,测定相关形态和生理指标.试验结果表明,10～60 mg/L浓度范围的烯效唑浸种可提高甜玉米的发芽势和发芽率;随着烯效唑浓度升高,植株矮化,根长、地上干质量、地下干质量、叶面积以及根冠比均增加.与对照相比,幼苗叶片过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性增强,丙二醛(MAD)含量降低,可溶性糖、蛋白质和叶绿素含量升高.试验结果进一步证明了烯效唑能够壮苗,提高保护性酶的活性,增强甜玉米幼苗的抵抗逆境的能力,使用浓度以40～50 mg/L为佳. 相似文献
14.
NaCl胁迫对番茄嫁接苗叶片ABA和多胺含量的影响 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：17
以未经NaCl胁迫的番茄自根苗为对照, 研究了100 mmol·L - 1 NaCl胁迫下番茄嫁接苗的生长、叶片ABA和多胺( PAs) 含量的变化。结果表明, 嫁接苗地上部和根的生物量显著高于对照。嫁接苗ABA含量显著高于对照, 胁迫2 d时比对照增加56.60%。胁迫2 d时嫁接苗多胺总量显著高于对照, 比对照增加14.96% , 腐胺( Put) 含量在胁迫2 d后显著低于对照, 亚精胺( Spd) 含量显著高于对照, 胁迫4～8 d之间两者差异不显著, 胁迫10 d时显著低于对照; 精胺( Spm) 含量显著高于对照, 胁迫10 d时比对照增加102.80%。嫁接苗Put/PAs值显著低于对照, 而( Spd + Spm) /Put值显著高于对照。表明NaCl胁迫下嫁接苗生物量显著高于对照, ABA和多胺含量变化显著, 表现出较强的耐盐特征。 相似文献
15.
为探讨肥力水平对马铃薯块茎发育影响的机理,以‘台湾红皮’（Cardinal）马铃薯为试验材料,采用反相高效液相色谱（HPLC）技术,研究了低、中、高肥力水平对块茎发育过程中多胺（PAs）、赤霉素（GA3）和茉莉酸（JAs）含量的影响。研究结果表明：（1）腐胺（Put）、精胺（Spm）和亚精胺（Spd）含量在块茎发育过程中呈降低-升高-降低的变化趋势,但对不同肥力水平的响应有差异,中肥力水平下块茎发育中期（播种后60 ~ 68 d）PAs含量高于低肥力和高肥力水平含量,高肥力水平使Put含量降低,含量峰值出现时间提前,而使Spd和Spm峰值出现时间延后。Put/Spd呈现随肥力水平的提高,峰值不断降低,峰值出现时间提前的趋势。（2）低肥力水平下GA3含量在中期高,中肥力水平下在中期含量最低。低肥力水平下JAs含量在块茎发育的各阶段都比较低,中肥力水平下在中期含量高于低肥力和高肥力水平。低、高肥力水平下GA3/JAs有先升高后降低的变化趋势,与中肥力水平变化相反。（3）JAs与PAs的相关性较大,其中与Put为正相关,与Spm、Spd显著负相关,Spm和Spd极显著正相关。合理的肥力水平提高了块茎发育中期PAs、JAs的含量,降低了GA3的含量,有利于块茎的发育和膨大。 相似文献
16.
多胺引发处理对茄子种子活力及幼苗耐冷性的影响 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
以‘丰研2号’茄子种子为试材,分别用0.25mmol·L-1的亚精胺(Spd)和精胺(Spm)引发处理24h后,分别在10、15、25℃条件下进行种子发芽试验,并测定幼苗耐冷性等生理生化指标。结果显示,Spd和Spm处理可显著提高种子在低温胁迫条件下的活力,促进幼苗生长,显著降低了低温胁迫条件下幼苗细胞质膜透性和MDA含量,提高了抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性和脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质的含量,表明多胺引发处理对提高低温胁迫下茄子种子活力及增强幼苗耐冷性具有重要作用。 相似文献
17.
In order to investigate the effects of spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) on the stress of cadmium chloride (CdCl2), it was checked that the content of polyamines and malondialdehyde (MDA), the rate of superoxide anion (O2−) generation and the activities of superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) in 1-year-old Malus hupehensis Rehd. var. pinyiensis Jiang (tea crabapple) seedlings grown in nutrient solution. The result showed that the content of free putrescine (Put) was increased, the contents of free Spd and Spm and the (Spd + Spm)/Put ratio in leaves were decreased significantly under CdCl2 treatment. Foliar spraying with Spd or Spm under CdCl2 treatment, the accumulation of free Put reduced, the contents of free Spd and Spm and the ratio of (Spd + Spm)/Put in leaves increased significantly. The activities of SOD and GPX in leaves were enhanced and O2− generation rate and MDA content were decreased significantly by foliar spraying with Spd or Spm under CdCl2 treatment. Results suggest that both Spd and Spm can alleviate the lipid peroxidation caused by CdCl2 in M. hupehensis var. pinyiensis. 相似文献
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19.
梨成熟花药中生长调节物质及矿质元素含量的分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以丰水和新高梨为试材,分析了花药内花粉量和花粉的萌发特性,并在即将开花的花蕾期,对其花药中不同种类和形态的多胺、生长素、脱落酸以及矿质元素进行分析,以探讨蕾期花粉生活力高的原因。结果表明:丰水梨每个花药中有大量花粉,并且花粉的萌发率高,达到84.8%,而新高中花粉非常少,并且生活力非常低;丰水梨花药中腐胺、亚精胺和精胺的总量均极显著地高于新高;而且丰水中不同形态(游离态、高氯酸可溶共价结合态高氯酸不溶共价结合态)的3种多胺也都显著或极显著地高于新高;生长素、脱落酸与多胺表现出同样的规律;丰水矿质营养中的钾、钙、镁、铁、铜和锌含量也高于新高,在这些元素中以钾含量为最高,微量元素中以锌含量为最高。 相似文献
20.
Kouakou Laurent Kouakou Irié Arsène Zoro Bi Yao Georges Abessika Tanoh Hilaire Kouakou Jean-Pierre Baudoin 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009
To develop efficient seedling production methods for Laccosperma secundiflorum and Eremospatha macrocarpa, a study was conducted to examine regeneration using offsets combined with several physical and chemical treatments of seeds. Offsets categorized into small, medium and large diameters, were planted in three conditions: shaded and open nursery, and greenhouse. We tested sucker from E. macrocarpa, and sucker and rhizome from L. secundiflorum. For both species, high viability percentage (ranging from 55% to 100%) were observed for small and medium suckers planted in shaded nursery and greenhouse, against less than 49% for sucker planted in open nursery. The mean seedling emergence times were estimated to 84, 77 and 75 days after planting (DAP) for small, medium and large sucker of L. secundiflorum, respectively under open nursery condition, and 76, 75, 95 DAP for small, medium and large suckers of the same species, respectively in shaded condition. Greenhouse has a significant positive effect on E. macrocarpa seedlings emergence time. For this species, the mean seedling emergence times were estimated to 43 DAP for small sucker and 76, 93 DAP for medium and large suckers. No seedling was obtained from rhizome planted in all the growing conditions tested. Concerning seed dormancy breaking, germination percentages and rates were determined for 13 treatments. The best treatments were pre-soaking unscarified seeds for 4 days in 1.01 g l−1 and 0.10 g l−1 KNO3, with 79% and 68% of germination, respectively and in 3.46 × 10−3 g l−1 GA3 for 68% of germination. These methods are suggested to improve germination of L. secundiflorum seeds. Successful and recommended methods for E. macrocarpa are pre-soaking scarified seeds in 3.46 × 10−3 g l−1 and 3.46 × 10−4 g l−1 GA3, 96% and 94% of germination, respectively. Dormancy, probably a combination of mechanical and chemical dormancy, is present in the two species. 相似文献