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1.
Saeideh Alizadeh-Salte Nasrin Farhadi Kazem Arzani Hassan Khoshghalb 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2018,18(1):29-36
ABSTRACTThe effects of different pollen sources including five cultivated almond cultivars (Genco, Tuono, 15–5, Filip Ceo, and Supernova) on quantity and quality of chemical composition of two Iranian self-incompatible cultivars (Shahrood 12 and Shahrood 21) as well as self-pollination of these cultivars were investigated. Results showed a variation in oil content and fatty acid composition between two studied cultivars. The oil content was not affected by pollination treatments but the fatty acid composition of almond oil significantly was influenced by type of the pollen source. The most common unsaturated fatty acids found in the kernels of all treatments were oleic acid (68.72–88.26%) and linoleic acid (10.57–22.36%). The type of pollen source with modified oleic/linoleic acid ratio affected the oil quality. The highest oleic/linoleic acid ratio was obtained in Shahrood 12 (8.35%) and Sharood 21 (4.78%) cultivars, which pollinated with Filip Ceo and Supernova pollens, respectively. 相似文献
2.
Pedro Domínguez Juan J. Medina Luis Miranda José M. López-Aranda María T. Ariza Carmen Soria 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2016,16(4):228-238
ABSTRACTThere is an increasing demand in the market to improve strawberry quality by promoting human-health compounds content, as these may play a significant role in the prevention of chronic diseases. Strawberry cultivars, environmental conditions, and agronomical conditions have an effect on fruit characteristics; therefore, it is necessary to constantly generate information about the cultivar response to different production areas and cultural practices. The goal of this work was to evaluate the effect of two planting dates, two harvest dates, and four strawberry cultivars on total phenolic acid (gallic acid equivalent), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and soluble solid content?titratable acidity-1 (SSC?TA-1) ratio in Huelva, Spain. Sixteen treatments resulted from the combination of four cultivars, two planting dates, and two harvest dates. Strawberry ‘Camarosa’, ‘Sabrosa’, ‘Aguedilla’, and ‘Fuentepina’ were selected for both seasons and planted on 7 Oct. (early planting) and 21 Oct. (late planting). Mid-February and mid-April were considered early and late harvest, respectively. Nutraceutical and organoleptic responses were specifics for each cultivar. The highest SSC?TA-1 ratio was observed in ‘Fuentepina’ planted late and harvested early. ‘Aguedilla’ resulted in the highest phenolic content when harvested in the late season. Additionally, phenolic content was significantly higher when using late planting combined with late harvest in most of the cultivars. Late harvested ‘Camarosa’ showed the highest TA concentration, whereas ‘Sabrosa’ resulted in the highest SSC regardless of harvesting date. Additionally, ‘Aguedilla’ and ‘Sabrosa’ showed the highest ascorbic content. Strawberry quality could be improved by selecting the adequate planting and harvesting dates according to specific cultivars. 相似文献
3.
Debora Tura Carmen Gigliotti Stefano Pedò Osvaldo Failla Daniele Bassi Arnaldo Serraiocco 《Scientia Horticulturae》2007
Oxidation stability is an important property of olive oil quality and is affected by different antioxidant compounds whose levels may be influenced by cultivar, year and place of production. Polyphenols, tocopherols, carotenoids, chlorophylls and fatty acids levels were correlated to oxidative stability in olive oils from three experiments: cultivar influence (18 cultivars assessed for 4 years in the same place); environmental influence by mesoclimatic (4 cultivars from 17 sites in a single region for 4 years) and macroclimate conditions (3 cultivars from 3 different regions for 3 years). Total polyphenols and saturated on polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio were shown to be the major factors in oil antioxidant stability, according to multivariate regression models. Among the surveyed cultivars, oils from ‘Leccino’ and from three ‘local’, minor cultivars (‘Miniol’, ‘Regina’ and ‘Rossanello’) resulted in higher oxidative stability and oils from cultivars grown in Tuscany (central Italy) showed the highest oxidative stability by comparison with northern and southern regions. 相似文献
4.
Sara Agnolet Flavio Ciesa Evelyn Soini Anna Cassar Aldo Matteazzi Walter Guerra Peter Robatscher Alberto Storti Sanja Baric Josef Dalla Via Michael Oberhuber 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2017,59(3):171-183
Apple is one of the most widely produced and consumed fruits worldwide and hence, complete data of apple composition are important for human diet. Currently, a limited number of cultivars dominate the market, while many others, with a potentially higher nutritional value, are neglected by consumers. The present work reports the content of the dietary elements potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) as well as the content of the macroelement nitrogen (N) of 34 old cultivars grown at the same site under identical conditions in South Tyrol, Italy. Their elemental composition was assessed along with quality parameters such as fruit weight, firmness, and soluble solid content and total acidity at harvest and post storage. For selected cultivars the measurements were performed over two or even three different harvest years. Comparison with eight commercial cultivars chosen to represent the fruit currently dominating the market was performed.Besides offering a valuable insight in the variation of dietary elements among old and commercial apple cultivars in up to three harvest years, this study, that complements current nutritional databases, recommends several old cultivars with high content of dietary elements for further study and eventual re-introduction in niche markets. 相似文献
5.
SUMMARYD-amygdalin is a toxic compound found in the kernels of some bitter almond cultivars.This compound is toxic because of its potential to release poisonous hydrogen cyanide. The D-amygdalin contents of the kernels of 18 commercial almond cultivars (Prunus dulcis Mill. = Amygdalus communis L.) and three wild genotypes (Amygdalus webbii Spach.) were determined by HPLC. In initial tests, two extraction procedures [100% (v/v) methanol or 4% (w/v) citric acid)], two different kernel cutting sizes (powdered or roughly-cut pieces), and two shaking techniques (mechanical shaking or sonication) were assessed. The results obtained showed that the method of extraction can have a strong effect on the extent of recovery of the potentially toxic compound, which varied by a factor of approx. 20-fold across the different extraction techniques.The greatest recovery of D-amygdalin from wild almond kernels was achieved with mechanical shaking of roughly-cut kernels in 100% (v/v) methanol, and this procedure was applied for all subsequent analyses of the D-amygdalin contents of all genotypes. The highest amounts of D-amygdalin were found in “bitter” cultivars and wild genotypes (716 – 23,025 mg kg–1), with lower values in “sweet” cultivars (0 – 158 mg kg–1). High levels of variability were observed both among the 18 almond cultivars and the A. webbii genotypes tested. 相似文献
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Yuri José A. Neira Amalia Fuentes Mauricio Sáez Bárbara Razmilic Iván 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2022,64(2):201-209
Total and specific phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity were quantified over two seasons in flowers, leaves, fruitlets, and ripe fruit at harvest of the apple cultivars ‘Brookfield’, ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Fuji’, as well the crabapple cultivars ‘Hillary’ and ‘Manchurian’. The results showed that leaves had the highest phenol concentrations and antioxidant capacity. Phenolic and antioxidant content was progressively lower from flowers, fruitlets, and ripe harvested fruit. There were high concentrations of phloridzin in flowers and leaves, while concentrations were lower in fruitlets, peel, and entire fruit at harvest. The phenolic compound with the highest concentration in peel was quercetin glycoside, while in the entire fruit it was flavanols. The studied crabapple cultivars did not present differences between them in phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity.
相似文献8.
M. G. Wirthensohn W. L. Chin T. K. Franks G. Baldock C. M. Ford M. Sedgley 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):462-468
SummaryTo determine the chemical basis of almond flavour phenotypes, non-bitter, semi-bitter, and bitter kernels from 101 almond trees, all derived from a common maternal parent, were evaluated for flavour using three approaches: (1) sensory analysis (i.e., by taste); (2) amygdalin quantitation (using High Performance Liquid Chromatography); and (3) non-targeted analysis of volatile metabolites released on maceration (by Solid Phase Micro-Extraction, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, and Chemical Sensor). Tasting identified three categories of flavour (non-bitter, semi-bitter, and bitter) that were also distinguishable on the basis of chemical analyses, and by a chemical sensor using principal component analysis. Highly significant correlations were found between amygdalin content and the taste panel’s score for ‘marzipan’, and also between the taste panel’s scores for sweet and overall taste preference. Non-targeted metabolite analysis identified benzyl alcohol and 2,3-butanediol as potentially important flavour components of almond, for the first time. 相似文献
9.
Arnon Dag Zohar Kerem Nir Yogev Issac Zipori Shimon Lavee Eric Ben-David 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011
Harvesting plays a major role in the virgin olive oil production line, being the most expensive single component, but also due to its significant effect on the whole year's produce. Previous studies have focused on the effects of harvest timing on either oil yield or quality. Here we determined the separate and combined effects of harvesting date, fruit maturation, cultivar and fruit load on olive oil quality and quantity. Cultivars typical to the Middle East region were selected: the traditional cv. Souri and the newer cv. Barnea, grown under intensive conditions. The results demonstrate fundamental differences between the two cultivars with respect to harvest strategy. In high-yielding ‘Barnea’, oil accumulation continued throughout the ripening season resulting in increasing yield of oil with time while maintaining high quality. Hence, exploiting the production potential in ‘Barnea’ requires late harvest and advanced fruit maturity. However, in heavily loaded ‘Souri’, oil accumulation was accompanied by early massive shedding of fruits. Furthermore, late harvest and advanced maturation in ‘Souri’ were associated with a sharp increase in free fatty acids combined with a rapid decline in polyphenol content, and in MUFA to PUFA and saturated to unsaturated fatty acid ratios, all resulting in loss of oil quality. Rapid decline in oil yield coupled with deterioration of oil quality call for early harvesting at low maturity index in ‘Souri’. In medium-yielding trees of both cultivars, maturation progressed more rapidly, resulting in earlier harvest to utilize optimal oil potential. 相似文献
10.
A. P. Everaarts M. E. T. Vlaswinkel 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):470-475
SummaryA study was made of the effect of nitrogen application shortly before harvest on postharvest yellowing of the buds of an early (cv. Maximus) and a late (cv. Philemon) cultivar of Brussels sprout (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera). The efficiency of nitrogen application, with the aim of increasing the nitrogen concentration in the outer leaflets of the buds, was higher when nitrogen dissolved in water was directly sprayed over the crop as compared with the conventional broadcast granular fertilizer application. However, there appeared to be no relation between the nitrogen concentration of the outer leaflets of the buds and the time after harvest to reach 25% yellow buds. For both cultivars the rate of postharvest yellowing increased with a delay in harvest and was positively related to the size of the buds. When all data were pooled, it appeared that for the early cv. Maximus the time after harvest to reach 25% yellow buds was negatively correlated with the age of the crop at the time of harvesting. Such a relation was not found for the late cv. Philemon. The age of the buds, and not nitrogen concentration, is likely to be the dominant factor determining postharvest yellowing. 相似文献
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The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) scavenging activity, changes and accumulation of phenolic content were studied in the peel, seed and pulp of rambutan, Nephelium lappaceum L. (Rongrien and Seeechompoo cultivars) during fruit maturation. The IC50 values of the radical scavenging activity of the peels, in both cultivars remained low through fruit development (1.42–4.75 μg/mL) but the values of the seed and pulps were low at the beginning and increased markedly toward fruit development until harvest (4.87 to >1000 μg/mL). The accumulation of phenolic compounds in rambutan peels of Rongrien and Seechompoo cultivars increased continuously until reaching a maximum of 1653 and 733 mg per fruit at the time of being harvested, at 112 and 98 days after full bloom (DAFB), respectively. Ellagic acid, corilagin and geraniin in the peels of both cultivars were observed and quantified. The major component in the peels of the two cultivars was geraniin. The accumulation of ellagic acid, corilagin and geraniin in the peels increased and reached the maximum at the harvest stage, especially the major constituent of geraniin (1011 and 444 mg/fruit for Rongrien and Seechompoo, respectively). The free radical scavenging property was observed to have a relationship with the phenolic content quantified in different parts of the rambutan fruit. This research demonstrates potential data on phenolic constituents through fruit development, especially in the peels at the time of harvest. 相似文献
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不同龙眼品种果实品质和糖酸组分分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
以12个龙眼品种的果实为试材,利用常规的品质分析和高效液相色谱技术,进行了果实品质和糖酸组分分析。结果表明,品种间果实质量和可溶性固形物含量差异较大,分别为6.1～15.1g和12.2%～23.0%。可食率最高为双孖木(71.4%),最低为沙梨木(56.2%)。果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖是龙眼假种皮的主要糖类,但不同品种这3种糖的比例有较大差异,根据单糖与双糖的比例,可将不同的龙眼品种分为3个类型:蔗糖积累型,还原糖积累型和中间类型。龙眼假种皮中的有机酸含量较低,为1.46～3.46mg/g,主要有苹果酸、草酰乙酸、α-酮戊二酸、草酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸和奎尼酸,不同品种有机酸的含量和比例有一定的差异。龙眼假种皮中也有较丰富的还原型抗坏血酸(维生素C),约占总酸的12.4%,不同品种维生素C含量有较大差异,储良最低(0.13mg/g),罗伞木最高(0.65mg/g)。 相似文献
14.
《International Journal of Fruit Science》2013,13(2):73-76
ABSTRACT A replicated trial of eleven cultivars was planted at Simcoe, Ontario in 1991. Plants were first harvested in 1994. After eight harvest seasons, ‘Bluegold’ was the highest yielding cultivar, averaging 6.8 t/ha, and ‘Toro’ had the largest berries, averaging 1.81 g per berry. ‘Bluetta’ was the earliest cultivar with on average 50% of its yield picked by 16 July and ‘Elliott’ the latest, with on average 50% of its yield picked by 27 August. Overall, ‘Duke’ proved to have the best combination of characteristics of the early cultivars, and ‘Nelson’ was the most impressive late cultivar. 相似文献
15.
扁桃种质资源的AFLP分析 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
利用AFLP分子标记技术对国内外49份扁桃材料的亲缘关系进行了鉴定,使用3对选择性引物组合,每对引物扩增出136条带,并对其进行聚类分析。结果表明,不同种以及不同品种间的遗传距离不同。在相似系数小于0.68时,大多数栽培品种聚为一类,并可将野生扁桃组、苦巴旦组、榆叶梅,以及桃、中国樱桃、欧洲甜樱桃分开。栽培品种中,同一种源区的大多数栽培品种能聚类在一起。我国的扁桃资源与国外的扁桃资源遗传差异较大。 相似文献
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《Scientia Horticulturae》2006,109(3):207-211
Two field experiments with green bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Alcade, Carlo, Cleo and Mutin) were carried out. In Experiment 1, different plant populations of the Alcade cultivar were used, whereas in Experiment 2, there were different sowing dates with the Carlo, Cleo and Mutin cultivars. Several harvest dates were considered in both experiments. Yield and quality variables of pods that can be used to evaluate quality and maturity were determined (alcohol-insoluble solids, dry matter content, seed: pod ratio, fibre content, length of 10 seeds, Kramer shear press, colour, lipid content and mineral composition). The alcohol-insoluble solids content, dry matter content, seeds: pod ratio, fibre content, and shear press were linearly correlated. Alcohol-insoluble solids content was related with thermal time by exponential equations provided thermal time was calculated from the beginning of flowering and the effect of high temperature on the rate of development was taken into account. The alcohol-insoluble solids content was correlated to the length of 10 seeds by exponential equations, with different parameters for different cultivars. The optimum harvest date, which corresponds to 10% dry matter content and 6.6% of alcohol-insoluble solids, could be set at thermal times after first flowering of 356, 384, 429 and 417 °C d for ‘Alcade’, ‘Carlo’, ‘Cleo’ and ‘Mutin’, respectively.The aim of this study was to fit empirical models to simulate the course of pod quality variables of green beans. 相似文献
18.
Peter A. Roussos Vlassia SefferouNikoleta-Kleio Denaxa Eleni TsantiliVassilios Stathis 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011
Three apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars were subjected to different degrees of fruit thinning during pit hardening. At harvest fruit quality characteristics were assessed, along with phytochemicals’ concentration, such as carbohydrates, phenolic compounds and organic acids. Antioxidant capacity of the pulp was estimated by diphenyl picryl hydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays. Thinning improved fruit weight in two of the three cultivars with a subsequent decrease in fruit firmness, without significant effect on total soluble solid content and titratable acidity. The skin color was not influenced by thinning, but carbohydrate concentration and sweetness index increased. Total phenol concentration increased with thinning, without any similar increase of the major individual phenolic compounds detected (neo-chlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, catechin, epicatechin, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid and caffeic acid). The antioxidant capacity of the pulp was not influenced by thinning. In overall, thinning enhanced the pomological traits of apricot fruits as well as their phytochemical content. 相似文献
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不同品种风味甜瓜果实品质比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以风味4号、风味5号甜瓜为主要试材,雪里红甜瓜为对照,比较不同品种甜瓜果实品质差异.试验结果表明,雪里红单瓜质量达到2 kg以上,属于大果型,风味4号和风味5号属于中小果型.风味5号的可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量最高,风味4号的游离氨基酸和可滴定酸含量最高,雪里红的可溶性蛋白和维生素C含量最高;而糖酸比则是风味5号居中,雪里红最高,风味4号最低.风味4号的蔗糖和有机酸含量均高于其他两个品种,风味5号果糖含量最高,雪里红的柠檬酸含量仅为风味4号的1/3、风味5号的1/2.风味4号的17种游离氨基酸和氨基酸总含量普遍高于风味5号和雪里红,而风味5号与雪里红的氨基酸成分与含量相当.综合比较,风味5号甜瓜果实大小、酸甜口感适中,营养品质较好. 相似文献
20.
Organic acids (oxalic, citric, galacturonic, tartaric, malic, lactic and succinic) contents of Gemlik variety olive fruits from five different cultivation areas of South Anatolia (Turkey), harvested in six collection dates (September, October and November of crop years 2006 and 2007), were determined by HPLC/DAD. Citric acid was the major compound (∼45%), followed by succinic (19%) and galacturonic acids (∼16%). The olive fruits of Antalya location showed the lowest and Karaman, Alanya and Hatay locations had the highest levels of total organic acids, especially on the early and late harvest. Significant interactions between “location”, “harvest date” and “crop year” were found, regarding the concentrations of citric, lactic, oxalic, tartaric and malic acid (3-way and 2-way interactions), which means that the effect of one factor (e.g. “location”) on an acid's concentration is not constant across the levels of the other factor. For succinic and galacturonic acids's concentrations, all interactions between the considered factors were statistically significant, except the 2-way interaction between “harvest date” and “crop year” which was no significant, meaning that the effect of factor “harvest date” on the succinic and/or on the galacturonic acid's concentrations does not vary significantly from one level of factor “crop year” to other. Significant mean differences were found in the concentrations of individual organic acids according to harvest time, which indicated generally a decline as harvest date moved on or no significant changes in some cases. Our results showed that rainfall and altitude of the location seemed to have more marked effects than temperature, on the levels of some organic acids such as malic, oxalic and succinic acids. The grouping of locations formed in Principal Component Analysis were quite different according to crop years, as for the first crop year (2006) “oxalic, citric, tartaric and succinic” and “lactic, malic, galacturonic” acids were the two groups of variables mainly responsible for discrimination, while for the following crop year (2007) “galacturonic, tartaric, oxalic, lactic”; “succinic, citric” and “malic” acids were the three groups responsible for the formation of clusters. 相似文献