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1.
The antioxidant activity (ferric reducing/antioxidant power, FRAP) and oxygen-scavenging system of pulps during the fruit ripening and maturation were investigated in three cultivars of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck). The highest FRAP values and activities of antioxidant enzymes and contents of nonenzymes were detected in ‘Red Flesh’ navel orange. The activities of oxygen-scavenging enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD), decreased with ripening and maturation of fruit. Ascorbate peroxidase (AsA-POD) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activities were also stably declined, whereas glutathione reductase (GR) activity and nonenzymes in the ascorbate–glutathione cycle displayed a single-peak pattern which paralleled the significant changes in FRAP values. In addition, the ratios of ascorbate/dehydroascorbate (AsA/DHAsA), reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) were also decreased. Changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of nonenzymes during ripening indicated that the antioxidant system plays a fundamental role in the ripening of orange fruits. 相似文献
2.
越冬前低温锻炼期间不同品种葡萄枝条中渗透性物质和保护酶活性的变化 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
通过越冬前的低温锻炼,全球红、巨峰、里扎马特3个鲜食葡萄品种枝条中脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量均明显增加,低温锻炼中期积累最快;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著升高,SOD活性的提高主要在低温锻炼的前、中期,且上升平缓,POD活性的提高主要在前期,中后期不再提高;质膜相对透性在前中期变化不大,后期明显上升。从品种来看,经低温锻炼后,全球红枝条中脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量及SOD、POD活性均相对较高,巨峰次之,里扎马特较低。从时间进程来看,在低温锻炼诱导葡萄抗寒性过程中,POD活性提高在前,游离脯氨酸积累在后,之后是质膜相对透性的提高。 相似文献
3.
Salinity is one of the major environmental factors limiting crop productivity. The effect of increasing salinity levels (0, 50, 100 mM NaCl) on growth, photosynthetic traits, leaf water potential, oxidative stress, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants was studied in Pusa Jai Kisan and SS2 cultivars of mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.) differing in ATP-sulfurylase activity at 30 days after sowing (DAS). The cultivar SS2 (low ATP-sulfurylase activity) accumulated higher content of Na+ and Cl− in leaf than root. SS2 also showed greater content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and H2O2 and higher decrease in growth, photosynthetic traits and leaf water potential than Pusa Jai Kisan with increasing salinity levels. Contrarily, Pusa Jai Kisan (high ATP-sulfurylase activity) exhibited higher Na+ and Cl− content in root than leaf, lower TBARS and H2O2 content and higher activity of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase. However, the activity of superoxide dismutase was greater in SS2 than Pusa Jai Kisan. Higher activity of ATP-sulfurylase in Pusa Jai Kisan resulted in increased content of glutathione, a reduced form of inorganic sulfur and an essential component of cellular antioxidant defense system. The lesser decrease in growth and photosynthesis in Pusa Jai Kisan was the result of lesser Na+ and Cl− in leaf, higher turgidity and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione content. 相似文献
4.
Antioxidant enzymes have been touted as beneficial for enhancing the fitness, preventing disorders, and mitigating the effects of aging and senescence. Our objective was to evaluate combining ability of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activity in cabbage head. Head samples were frozen immediately in liquid nitrogen and placed at −80 °C for assay. Less than unity values of σ2gca/σ2sca ratio for all three enzymes indicated predominance of non-additive gene action. The parents CMS-GA and Red Cabbage excelled as good general combiners for all antioxidants and indicated the value and need for multiple crossing. The crosses CMS-GA × Red Cabbage, CMS-GA × C-2, 83-2 × AC-204, 83-2 × EC-490174, 83-2 × AC-1021, Pride of Asia × C-4, and Pride of Asia × AC-1019 showed significant specific combining ability, which could be exploited through heterosis breeding. The hybrid combinations with high per se performance and favorable SCA estimate and involving at least one of the parents with high GCA estimate could be useful to increase the abundance of favorable alleles for enhancing the antioxidants in cabbage head. 相似文献
5.
Maria Skłodowska Ewa Gajewska Elżbieta Kuźniak Artur Mikiciński Piotr Sobiczewski 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010
BTH (S-methylbenzo-1,2,3-thiadiazole-7-carbothiate), an active compound of the commercial preparation Bion, has been studied as an elicitor of resistance to fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) in apple. However, the biochemical mechanisms of its action are not fully elucidated. Our study indicated that BTH at the best time of its protection activity (2–14 days after application) induced changes in prooxidant–antioxidant balance in the leaves of apple trees, but in different ways in the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. Glutathione as low molecular antioxidant as well as superoxide anion radical and lipid peroxides as oxidants exhibited changes at the early phase of BTH action. Glutathione-dependent enzymes were strongly affected by the elicitor used. On the 2nd day glutathione transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities increased by about 70% and 30% above the control, respectively. GST activity normalized about the 14th day but GSH-Px at the same time showed 27% of the control value. Among enzymes utilising hydrogen peroxide only catalase showed increase (37%) at the early phase of experiment. Compared with the control, BTH-treated plants did not show changes in ascorbate peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activities. Tocopherol (TOC) level diminished starting from the 7th day after BTH treatment and on the 14th day it was only 28% of the control. It is proposed that extinguishing of BTH-mediated signal resulted from TOC and glutathione action. The diminished ascorbate level at all examined times may play a crucial role in BTH-mediated cell growth regulation. The direct influence of BTH on lipid metabolism should be also taken into consideration. 相似文献
6.
在人工气候室条件下,采用溶液培养法研究了缺锌胁迫对平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）和小金海棠（M. xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang）两种苹果砧木幼苗SOD、POD和CAT的活性,膜质过氧化水平及内源激素IAA、GA3、ZR和ABA含量的影响。结果表明,缺锌胁迫下,两品种叶片和根系中SOD活性显著下降,POD和CAT活性、MDA含量不同程度增加,但小金海棠SOD活性下降幅度较平邑甜茶小,POD和CAT活性增加比例大,且MDA积累量低。缺锌使两种砧木幼苗不同器官中IAA、GA3含量显著降低,ZR、ABA含量增加;小金海棠缺锌植株IAA、GA3、ZR含量较平邑甜茶高,ABA含量低。平邑甜茶缺锌植株膜质过氧化水平高,对缺锌胁迫较敏感,小金海棠在缺锌胁迫下抗氧化能力强,促进生长的激素含量高,对缺锌胁迫有较强的抵御和耐受能力;平邑甜茶缺锌植株膜质过氧化水平高,对缺锌胁迫较敏感。 相似文献
7.
Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) seedlings treated with elevated concentrations of dimethoate (100 and 200 ppm) and fixed ultraviolet-B (0.4 Wm−2/30 min) irradiation showed stunted growth and less photosynthetic pigments chlorophylls (Chl) content. The synergistic effects of both the stresses were more pronounced than the individual effect. However, dimethoate at low concentration (50 ppm) stimulated growth and pigmentation but with UV-B it showed slight inhibition. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated considerably in leaves due to UV-B and high concentrations of dimethoate. Combined exposure further increased the ROS leading to lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage. Both the stresses alone and together also caused the increase activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD). High concentration of dimethoate and UV-B accelerated the accumulation of ROS particularly H2O2 in leaves, causing heavy damage to photosynthetic pigments and growth of bitter gourd seedlings. Simultaneous exposure of UV-B and dimethoate inhibit the growth, photosynthetic pigment and enhanced the accumulation of ROS more severely than the individual exposure. Interestingly, low concentration (50 ppm) of dimethoate significantly reduced the effects of UV-B. The results suggested synergistic effect of dimethoate and UV-B on plant growth as a function of decreased photosynthetic pigments despite increase in the activities of the antioxidant enzyme. 相似文献
8.
Zhong-Jing Liu Xiao-Long Zhang Ji-Gang Bai Bang-Xia Suo Pei-Lei Xu Lin Wang 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009
In order to examine whether paraquat modifies the functioning of antioxidants and oxidative stress levels in drought-stressed plants, a cucumber cultivar (Cucumis sativus cv. Yuexiu no. 3) was grown hydroponically for 2 days. Drought stress, which was induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG), increased the contents of malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide radical (O2−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in cucumber leaves, while pretreatment of paraquat decreased them. Under drought stress induced by PEG, we observed the decreased contents of MDA, H2O2 and O2− in paraquat-pretreated plants in comparison to unpretreated stressed plants. Drought stress and paraquat both increased the activities of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX, EC 1.11.1.7), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1), monodehydroascorbate reducatase (MDHAR, EC 1.6.5.4), glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2), reduced glutathione (GSH) and reduced ascorbate (AsA). But the combined effect of paraquat application and drought stress resulted in the highest activities of antioxidants. So paraquat is able to moderate the activities of scavenging system enzymes and to influence oxidative stress intensity under drought stress induced by PEG. 相似文献
9.
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is rich source of dietary antioxidants, minerals and nutrients. Dietary antioxidants have been known as beneficial for enhancing the fitness, preventing certain diseases and even mitigating the effects of ageing. The objectives of the present study were to determine variability and inheritance of antioxidants, to identify antioxidant rich and productive genotypes, and to suggest suitable breeding approaches. The genotypes, namely Ofra, Chandler, Festival and Camarosa showed higher concentrations of dietary antioxidants and therefore could be useful in future breeding. Results indicate that the effect of the genotypes on antioxidant contents is stronger than that of the environment. The high heritability (>80%) and low genetic advance as percentage of mean (<40%) for ascorbic acid and β-carotene contents could be improved by heterosis breeding. However, selection and hybridization would be effective tools to enhance the phenols and anthocyanin content, and yield potential as these traits showed high heritability (>80%) and high genetic advance as percentage of mean (>40%). Positive direct effect on fruit yield was highest for phenol content (0.609) which is also fairly close to its correlation coefficient (0.765) indicating that a direct selection based on phenol content would be most effective and that the phenol content could be used as a reliable biochemical marker to identify the productive genotypes having higher amounts of dietary antioxidants. The information could also be used for developing antioxidant rich cultivars, i.e. ‘Breeding Strawberry for High Antioxidants’. 相似文献
10.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2001,88(1):59-69
The relationship between the susceptibility to rapid temperature drop induced leaf injury, i.e. “leaf spot”, and the antioxidant capacities of several Saintpaulia (African violet) cultivars was examined. Cultivars ‘Ritali’ and ‘Tamiko’, that are more susceptible to leaf spot caused by a rapid drop in leaf temperature from 30 to 15°C than are cultivars ‘Maui’ and ‘New Jersey’. The susceptible cultivars were also more susceptible to oxidative stress caused by H2O2 and active chlorine than the tolerant cultivars. Reduction of available chlorine, considered to be accelerated by antioxidants of leaf tissue, was rapid in ‘Maui’ and ‘New Jersey’. Activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase were higher in the leaves of ‘Maui’ and ‘New Jersey’ than in the susceptible cultivars. These findings show a correlation between leaf spot injury and antioxidant capacity in Saintpaulia leaves. 相似文献
11.
Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive signaling molecule and plays a variety of physiological roles in plants. The research on the application of NO to postharvest preservation of flowers and fruits shows great promise in recent years. However, the physiological mechanism of exogenous NO to affect cut flowers is not very clear. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to study the effect of exogenous NO on the vase life and physiological basis of Dianthus caryophyllus L. variety ‘Monte’. In the present study, 0.1 mmol L−1 sodium nitroprussiate (SNP) was used as the NO donor, and 5 μmol L−1 methylene blue (MB-1) was used as its scavenger based on the preliminary experiment. We evaluated the physiological index including increase of stem weight, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, and cell protection enzymes activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). The results showed that exogenous NO could significantly extend the vase life of cut carnation flowers and markedly increase fresh mass. The balance of water metabolism and the activities of SOD, POD, CAT and APX also showed improvement, while the production of MDA content and LOX activity were obviously decreased. The results suggest that exogenous NO could delay petal wilting in carination cut flowers, maintain water metabolism, the antioxidative enzymes activity and mass-eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and as well as cell membrane stability. Moreover, the results indicated that MB-1 had the ability to reverse the active effects of NO on different physiological indexes. Therefore, the vase life of cut carnation flowers was markedly extended by SNP treatment. 相似文献
12.
硒对高温胁迫下辣椒叶片抗氧化酶活性的调节作用 总被引：27，自引：3，他引：27
硒是人体或动物抗氧化反应必需的微量元素。为了研究硒在高等植物体内的生理功能, 将辣椒两个品种‘中椒7号’和‘耐湿椒’盆栽在不同含硒量的草炭蛭石混合基质中, 现蕾后分次将植株移入人工气候室进行高温胁迫处理(25℃ 2 h→35℃ 2 h→40℃ 2 h) , 然后取叶片测定各指标。结果表明: 施硒( ≤0.9 mg·kg- 1 ) 提高了叶片的总叶绿素含量, 同时, 可以分别使GPX和POD 活性提高11.5 倍和63.6% , 对SOD和CAT则表现为负效应。另外, 硒还使叶片MDA含量比不加硒对照降低36%。在不同品种的辣椒体内, 硒的作用存在一些差异, 但总体的趋势相同。以上结果说明硒对高温胁迫下辣椒叶片抗氧化酶活性有重要的调节作用, 并有利于提高辣椒植株的耐热性。 相似文献
13.
The objective of this work was to evaluate how disease resistance and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism in harvested navel oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) may be affected by chitosan. Fresh navel oranges were treated with 2% chitosan or 0.5% glacial acetic acid (control) solution for 1 min, and some were inoculated with Penicillium italicum and Penicillium digitatum. Then, the fruit were stored at 20 °C and 85–95% RH. Treatment with 2% chitosan significantly reduced the disease incidence and the lesion diameter compared with control fruit. This treatment effectively enhanced the activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and levels of glutathione (GSH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), inhibited the activities of catalase (CAT) and the decreases of ascorbate (AsA) content during navel orange fruits storage. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity in the navel orange fruit was induced slightly by the chitosan treatment during 14–21 days storage. However, glutathione reductase (GR) activity in the fruit was not enhanced by the chitosan treatment. These results indicated that chitosan treatment could induce the navel orange fruit disease resistance by regulating the H2O2 levels, antioxidant enzyme and ascorbate–glutathione cycle. 相似文献
14.
Shu-juan Cheng William Bill Miller Yi-min Shi 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2018,93(2):185-195
To evaluate their salt tolerance, two-year-old potted honeysuckle plants were exposed to 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl, respectively. The effects of salt stress on growth parameters, ion concentration, lipid peroxidation, and the enzymatic antioxidant system in honeysuckle were studied. Salt stress reduced biomass accumulation and root activity, and also induced oxidative stress, as indicated by elevated levels of O2·-, malondialdehyde content, and electrolytic leakage. Increased salinity resulted in a slight decline in the K+ concentration in different plant tissues, but a significant boost in Na+ levels, which were much higher in roots than in other tissues. The concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ increased significantly in leaves, but remained unchanged in shoots and decreased slightly in roots. Higher levels of soluble sugars and proline were observed in the plants after 30 days of NaCl treatment, suggesting that compatible osmolytes had been synthesised to acclimatise to the salinity. Under the treatments, major antioxidant enzymes involved in the reactive oxygen species scavenging system, including superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and peroxidase were activated. The increased activities of the antioxidant enzymes were significant and occurred in a time-dependent manner. 相似文献
15.
短期高温胁迫对一品红幼苗抗氧化系统的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以一品红'天鹅绒'幼苗为试材,利用人工气候箱研究了昼45 ℃/夜38 ℃的高温胁迫处理对植株叶片相对电导率、产生速率 、H2O2及丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性的影响。结果表明,在高温胁迫下,CAT、APX、SOD酶活性先升高,然后各自在0.5 d、1 d、2 d时分别转为下降趋势;而POD酶活性则一直增加;相应地,2 d内一品红的膜透性变化不大,2 d后急剧增大;MDA含量2 d内先升后降,2 d后大幅度上升;产生速率 、H2O2含量在2 d后均快速上升。2 d是'天鹅绒'一品红耐受昼45 ℃/夜38 ℃高温胁迫的极限时间。 相似文献
16.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying alleviation of salt stress by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. Zhongzha105) plants were cultivated in soil with 0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl. Mycorrhization alleviated salt induced reduction of root colonization, growth, leaf area, chlorophyll content, fruit fresh weight and fruit yield. The concentrations of P and K were higher in AM compared with nonAM plants grown under nonsaline and saline conditions. Na concentration was lower in AM than nonAM plants grown under nonsaline and saline conditions. AMF colonization was accompanied by an enhancement of activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in leaves of both salt-affected and control plants. In addition, inoculation with AMF caused reduction in MDA content in comparison to salinized plants, indicating lower oxidative damage in the colonized plants. 相似文献
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外源NO对铜胁迫下番茄幼苗生长及其抗氧化酶编码基因mRNA转录水平的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了水培条件下外源一氧化氮(NO) 对Cu胁迫后番茄幼苗生长及抗氧化酶编码基因mRNA表达的影响。结果表明, 0.5 mmol·L - 1 Cu2+处理使番茄幼苗株高、茎粗、鲜样质量、干样质量明显下降, 抑制了幼苗生长, 外施0.3 mmol·L - 1 SNP (NO供体) 能够缓解Cu2 +对番茄幼苗生长的抑制, 显著增加叶片编码过氧化物酶( POD) 、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX) 、超氧化物歧化酶( SOD) 、过氧化氢酶(CAT) 基因mRNA的表达量, 而0.1 mmol·L - 1 L-NAME [Nω -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, 一氧化氮合成酶(NOS) 抑制剂] 处理的表达量与Cu胁迫处理相比有所减少, 幼苗生长受到更加明显抑制, 表明外源NO可以通过提高抗氧化酶的表达水平而缓解Cu胁迫对番茄幼苗的伤害。 相似文献