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1.
Pistachio cultivation requires the use of rootstock because grafting is the only form of vegetative propagation. The main commercial rootstocks are Pistacia integerrima L., Pistacia atlantica Desf., Pistacia terebinthus L. and Pistacia vera L. Pistachio is considered to be a drought and saline-resistant crop; however, there is little information describing varietal responses of rootstocks to water stress. Some studies have suggested that P. terebinthus L. is the most drought and cold resistant rootstock. The effect of the rootstock on the water relations of the grafted plant is crucial for improving crop performance under water stress conditions and for developing the best irrigation strategy. This work studied the physiological response to water stress of pistachio plants (P. vera L. cv. Kerman) grafted onto three different rootstocks P. terebinthus L., P. atlantica Desf. and a hybrid from crossbreeding P. atlantica Desf. × P. vera L. Plant physiological responses were evaluated during a cycle of drought and subsequent recovery in potted plants. Parameters measured were soil moisture, trunk diameter, leaf area, leaf number, leaf and stem dry weight, stem water potential, leaf stomatal conductance. The results showed different responses of cv. Kerman depending on the rootstock onto which it had been grafted. The hybrid rootstock was associated with a higher degree of stomatal control and reduced leaf senescence compared to P. atlantica and P. terebinthus, despite being associated with the most vigorous shoot growth. P. terebinthus enabled very effective stomatal control but was also associated with the most rapid leaf senescence. P. atlantica was associated with less vigorous shoot growth and similar levels of water stress as occurred with the others rootstocks under conditions of high evaporative demand, which was associated with lower stomatal control. The selection of the most effective rootstock choice for different environmental conditions is discussed.  相似文献   

2.
Seeds were collected from a range of citrus rootstock types in China and sent to Australia for evaluation. Before evaluation proceeded, however, the seeds and their seedlings were characterised for uniformity and trueness-to-type. The seeds were cultured in vitro and/or germinated in sand beds to assess whether or not they were mono- or polyembryonic. Seedlings were then rogued on the basis of vigour and morphology before isozyme profiles were developed from leaf extracts to assess seedling uniformity within introductions. Isozyme profiles were also compared to those of the source trees, as well as hybrids generated between some of them in China, to assess and verify trueness-to-type. The degree of variability between the seedlings propagated from the imported seeds and their source trees in China differed between accessions, which highlighted some of the issues that need to be considered when importing citrus germplasm as seeds. Regardless of whether the seedlings could be shown to be identical to their source tree in China, three uniform seedlings of polyembryonic types were established in arboreta as Australian source trees to provide propagules for evaluation and possibly commercial use.  相似文献   

3.
Drought and salinity are two of the most important factors limiting the lemon yield in south-eastern Spain. The effects of drought and salt stress, applied independently, on water relations, osmotic adjustment and gas exchange in the highest evapotranspiration period were studied to compare the tolerance and adaptive mechanisms of 13-year-old ‘Fino 49’ lemon trees, in immature and mature leaves. The study was carried out in an experimental orchard located in Torre Pacheco (Murcia). Three treatments were applied: Control, well-irrigated; drought-stress (DS), non-irrigated from 15th May to 7th July and salinity, irrigated with 30 mM NaCl from 1st March to 7th July. At the end of the experiment, only DS trees showed a decreased leaf stem water potential (Ψmd). Under DS conditions, both types of leaf lost turgor and did not show any osmotic or elastic mechanism to maintain leaf turgor. Osmotic adjustment was the main tolerance mechanism for maintenance of turgor under salt stress, and was achieved by the uptake of Cl− ions. Gas-exchange parameters were reduced by DS but not by salinity, stomatal closure being the main adaptive mechanism for avoidance of water loss and maintenance of leaf turgor. Salinity gave rise to greater Cl− accumulation in mature than in immature leaves. The increase of proline in immature leaves due to DS indicates greater damage than in mature leaves.  相似文献   

4.
The rates of sap flow and xylem vessel features were studied in two-year-old nongrafted and grafted avocado (Persea americana Mill.) trees. Daily sap flow rates were measured with heat and balance stem gauges in clonal Duke 7 (D7) and Toro Canyon (TC) trees and ‘Hass’ clonal scions grafted onto clonal D7 (H/D7) and TC (H/TC) rootstocks. Vessel features as size, number and total vessel area were determined histologically in the stem of the scion and rootstock and the roots of the grafted trees. Significant differences in the sap flow rate were found among the rootstocks, where D7 had a 29% higher sap flow rate than did TC (grafted and nongrafted trees). There were no differences among xylem vessel features in the stems of any of the varieties. However in the roots, D7 had wider and fewer vessels then TC do. Also, D7 had a 19% higher total vessel area than TC. These results suggest that the differences in water consumption of ‘Hass’ on different rootstocks may be associated with differences in the efficiency of the roots to absorb water across conductive tissue which may be linked to differences in the area of xylem vessels in the root.  相似文献   

5.
Genetic stability of grafted marula trees within seven lines, some of which exhibiting interline phenotypic variations, was evaluated using the AFLP technique. The study was conducted in two-fold using samples from the DR, LP, MR, OS, PH, SW and TR lines. The genetic analysis using leaf materials indicated varying levels of genetic variations between genotypes within the OS, MR, LP and PH lines. The genotypes of the DR, TR and SW lines showed high intraspecific genetic similarity and formed tight clusters on the UPGMA-based dendrogram. The genetic analysis using a subset of the initial sample set constituting both leaf and bark materials which represented the scion and the rootstock components of grafted trees showed high genetic similarities between the graft partners of some genotypes within the OS and PH lines. These high levels of genetic similarity between scion and rootstock partners of a grafted tree suggested that the rootstock graft developed shoots and grew into a tree following graft failure. The observed results imply that grafting is not always successful even within compatible species, however, it can be reliably monitored using molecular markers.  相似文献   

6.
This study examines the effects of nitrogen (N), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn) and molybdenum (Mo) deficiencies on the eco-physiological, biochemical and growth characteristics of pistachio seedlings (Pistacia vera) in sand culture situation. This experiment, which was carried out in Iran's Pistachio Research Institute (IPRI), seedlings of ‘Badami-e-Zarand’ were used as common rootstock. The following treatments were employed: (1) complete Hoagland's nutrient solution; nutrient solution lacking either: (2) N, (3) Fe, (4) Mg, (5) Mn, (6) Mo, (7) distilled water without Hoagland's solution (Control), (8) Fe–N, (9) Fe–Mn and (10) Fe–Mo. The main deficiency symptoms observed after 7 months of planting were; leaf discoloration, necrosis, scorching, defoliation and stunted growth. Seedlings that received complete nutrient solution were healthy with dark green foliage. Visual symptoms of N-deficient seedlings also coincided with the reduction in foliar levels of the concerned element. Shoot and root growth of the seedlings deficient in nutrients were also affected. Changes in shoot and root biomasses production due to treatments were statistically significant at 1% level. A reduction in height, leaf area and leaf number was noticed for various levels of nutrient element deficiencies. Analysis of some biochemical indices (chlorophyll content) and eco-physiological indices such as primary florescence chlorophyll (Fo), ratio of variable chlorophyll to maximum (Fv/Fm), leaf temperature, transpiration, stomata conduction and resistance of stomata, showed that fractions of chlorophyll, transpiration, stomata conduction and resistant of stomata in treated seedlings, particularly N-deficient seedlings, declined significantly. Chlorophyll (Fo) and ratio of variable chlorophyll to maximum (Fv/Fm) were significant at 5% level. The effects of Fe, Mn, Mg and Mo on dry matter production were statistically significant at 1% level. Synergic effects of certain elements were also evident in the present study. The typical symptoms of deficiencies of various nutrient elements can be used as a guideline for diagnosing nutrient deficiencies of pistachio in commercial nurseries and plantations. The present study also showed multi-deficiency of nutrients, produces new symptom in leaves, which differs from single deficiencies.  相似文献   

7.
Oil spotting or oleocellosis, is a major problem in citrus crops. As the rootstock and fertilization play important roles in citrus growth and fruit development, we investigated the influence of different rootstocks on the growth, mineral nutrition metabolism, water relations, and fruit oleocellosis of eight-year-old field ‘Hamlin’ sweet orange trees. Trees grafted onto Lichi16-6 trifoliata (Poncircus trifoliate) had the greatest rate of oleocellosis (RO), and trees grafted onto Goutou orange (Citrus aurantium) had the greatest degree of oleocellosis (DO). In contrast, trees grafted onto Rangpur lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck) had the lowest RO and DO. Trees were the most vigorous on Rangpur lime rootstocks, followed by Lichi16-6 trifoliata, and then Goutou orange. In addition, because the scion/stock girth ratio showed significant correlations with the RO and DO, oleocellosis parameters can be a good indicator of scion/stock affinity. The total N, total P, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in leaves from trees on Rangpur lime were significantly lower than in leaves from trees on Goutou orange or Lichi16-6 trifoliata. In addition, the RO showed a significant correlation with the leaf Ca2+ and S concentrations and with the peel Mg2+ concentration. The DO was significantly correlated with the total peel N and S concentrations. In addition, the RO showed a significant correlation with the net assimilation of CO2 (ACO2), stomatal conductance (GS), transpiration rate (ET), and water-use efficiency (WUE). However, the DO showed a significant correlation with the GS, ACO2, and WUE. Taken together, these results indicate that rootstocks affect the development of oleocellosis in ‘Hamlin’ sweet orange due to their effects on the mineral nutrition balance and water relations.  相似文献   

8.
A continuous CO2 measurement system was developed to monitor the CO2 exchange rate of the whole canopy of grafted transplants using semi-open multiple chambers. Air heating or cooling and humidification inside a healing box were under control, if needed. To test the system, the gas exchange rate of the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) transplants grafted onto pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima cv. ‘New-Shintozwa’) was analysed. During the healing and acclimatisation of the grafted cucumber plants, the air temperature in the box remained constant at night but ranged above 1 °C of a set value under high humidity in daytime. The relative humidity was kept within the set point during the daytime, and it nearly reached 100% at night when not controlled. The cucumber seedlings were exposed to different water stresses before grafting, and the water potentials of each treatment were −0.579 (non-stressed), −0.814 (mildly water-stressed), and −0.870 MPa (strongly water-stressed) on grafting. At the water-stressed scions, leaf expansion was inhibited by 30.9–53.3% compared with the non-stressed scions. Therefore, the gas exchange rates of the strongly water-stressed scions based on the leaf area were decreased to 72.7% compared with the non-stressed scions. After grafting, the apparent photosynthesis of the transplants of all treatments was negative, with higher respiration in the strongly water-stressed scions during the initial period of healing. However, they turned to positive values and exceeded those of the non-stressed scions from three days after grafting. This result provides critical information that the water column is physiologically connected between the stock and scion within two days after grafting. As a result of water stress, the leaf area and dry weight of the transplants in the strongly water-stressed scions were inhibited by 67.5% and 83% compared with the non-stressed scions at the end of acclimatisation. In contrast, the relative growth rate and graft-take of the strongly water-stressed transplants were slightly increased, which suggests that the water stress prior to grafting alleviated the water demand of the scion. This system may provide useful information for diagnosis at the early stage by monitoring the whole canopy's photosynthesis over a long term.  相似文献   

9.
We propose the utilization of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) interspecific hybrids derived from crosses with closely related species as an approach for developing new improved rootstocks for eggplant. Here we investigate rootstock effects on fruit yield, apparent quality and proximate and mineral composition of S. melongena ‘Black Beauty’ (BB) scions grafted on interspecific hybrid rootstocks developed from crosses of S. melongena with Solanum incanum L. (SI × SM) and Solanum aethiopicum L. (SM × SA). The results are compared with non-grafted (BB control) and self-grafted (BB/BB) controls and with S. melongena ‘Black Beauty’ scions grafted onto Solanum torvum Sw. (STO) and Solanum macrocarpon L. (SMA) rootstocks. All treatments were grown in a soil naturally infested with root-knot nematodes (mostly Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood). SI × SM and SM × SA interspecific hybrids had high germination (≥90%) and total graft success (100%). Contrary to what occurred with all other treatments, no plants from scions grafted onto these hybrid rootstocks died during the experiment. In particular, the SI × SM hybrid rootstock conferred the highest vigour to the scion, which resulted in the highest values for fruit earliness and early and total yield. Little difference was observed among treatments for apparent fruit quality traits, except for a greater fruit calyx length and prickliness of fruit grafted onto SMA rootstocks. A similar result was obtained for fruit composition where phenolics content was higher in fruit from plants grafted onto SMA rootstocks. Grafting eggplant onto interspecific eggplant hybrids, especially on the SI × SM hybrid, has proved advantageous for eggplant production, as the high vigour and good compatibility of the rootstock with scion results in improved early and total yield without negative effects on apparent fruit quality or composition. Interspecific hybrids represent an alternative to the commonly used STO rootstock, which is a wild species with irregular germination.  相似文献   

10.
The study investigated the role of phenols in apricot graft incompatibility. Assays of phloem with cambium from 1-year-old apricot trees of cultivars Marlen, Leskora and Betinka which were grafted on the rootstocks of different genetic origin: M-LE-1, Lesiberian, MY-KL-A, Tetra, Penta, Green Gage, Julior, MRS 2/5 and Isthara were analysed with HPLC (together 23 scion/stock combinations). The phloroglucinol, catechin, p-coumaric acid and further non-identified phenols with the retention time 23–25 and 30 min were determined. The content of individual phenol compounds was related to specific cultivar/rootstock combination. The minimum number of statistical significant differences in the phenol content between tissues above and below graft union was established in homospecific combinations (P. armeniaca/P. armeniaca). Cultivars Marlen, Leskora and Betinka differ in the degree of compatibility or incompatibility with rootstocks. The pattern of non-identified phenol 23 in different graft combinations is similar to catechin and p-coumaric acid.  相似文献   

11.
All commercial citrus rootstocks are polyembryonic and propagated by seeds. Although these seeds produce uniform plant material most of the time, zygotic or polyploid citrus seedlings may arise. The aim of this study was to understand how zygotic or tetraploid rootstock could affect a citrus rootstock selection field trial. A trifoliate orange selection field trial, which was planted in 1974 and grafted with clementine, was re-investigated with respect to the presence of rootstocks that were not true-to-type. Among the 288 trees investigated, flow cytometry identified 2.4% of rootstocks as tetraploid and SSR markers indicated that 6.6% were zygotic. Yield data showed that the presence of tetraploid rootstock dramatically decreased (by about 45%) clementine fruit production. However, zygosity did not always affect fruit production and a range of effects were observed, from a slight increase in production to a 24% decrease. Exclusion of non-true-to-type genotypes from the production analysis indicated that the best candidate for rootstock was a clone previously ranked in the middle of the 32 rootstocks under evaluation. However, the presence of zygotic rootstock did not appear to cause any significant differences in fruit quality during the first 5 years of the investigation, which suggests that non-true-to-type plants cannot be identified by fruit quality parameters. This study indicates that tetraploid and zygotic rootstocks have a strong impact on citrus fruit production in orchards, and removal of off-type seedlings is required prior to planting in any agronomic trial.  相似文献   

12.
Callistemon is an Australian species used as ornamental plant in Mediterranean regions. The objective of this research was to analyse the ability of Callistemon to overcome water deficit in terms of adjusting its physiology and morphology. Potted Callistemon laevis Anon plants were grown in controlled environment and subjected to drought stress by reducing irrigation water by 40% compared to the control (irrigated to container capacity). The drought stress produced the smallest plants throughout the experiment. After three months of drought, the leaf area, number of leaves and root volume decreased, while root/shoot ratio and root density increased. The higher root hydraulic resistance in stressed plants caused decreases in leaf and stem water potentials resulting in lower stomatal conductance and indicating that water flow through the roots is a factor that strongly influences shoot water relations. The water stress affected transpiration (63% reduction compared with the control). The consistent decrease in gs suggested an adaptative efficient stomatal control of transpiration by this species, resulting in a higher intrinsic water use efficiency (Pn/gs) in drought conditions, increasing as the experimental time progressed. This was accompanied by an improvement in water use efficiency of production to maintain the leaf water status. In addition, water stress induced an active osmotic adjustment and led to decreases in leaf tissue elasticity in order to maintain turgor. Therefore, the water deficit produced changes in plant water relations, gas exchange and growth in an adaptation process which could promote the faster establishment of this species in gardens or landscaping projects in Mediterranean conditions.  相似文献   

13.
The Spanish type cultivar ‘Piel de Sapo’ (Cucumis melo L. var. saccharinus), has a limited compatibility with the Cucurbita maxima × Cucurbita moschata hybrids currently used as rootstocks. Double grafting can be used to improve compatibility between rootstock and scion by means of an intermediate rootstock compatible with both. Non-grafted, single, and double grafted melon plants of the cultivar Piel de Sapo were evaluated for water, nutrient absorption, photosynthesis activity, biomass production in early phases, as well as for yields and fruit quality in a long term trial. The hybrid ‘Shintoza’ (C. maxima × C. moschata) was used as rootstock, and the cantaloupe type melon cultivar ‘Sienne’ as an intermediate scion. Grafting did not affect net photosynthetic values, yet increased water use efficiency (35%). Double grafted plants increased aerial dry weights (66% and 31% with respect to non-grafted and simple graft plants, respectively), and also increased capacity for uptaking beneficial minerals (between 61% and 13% and particularly for NO3−, P, K, Ca, Mn, and Zn) with respect to non-grafted and single grafted plants. The quantum efficiency PSII photochemistry values increased in double grafted plants (12%) with respect to the control plants. Consequently, double grafting on a vigorous rootstock such as ‘Shintoza’, with an intermediate scion, results in improved mineral and water absorption and achieves an increase in ion influx to the scion – so enabling an increase in light photosynthetic reaction and biomass. Double grafted plants increased fruit yield when compared to simple grafted and non-grafted plants (12% and 56%, respectively) and did not affect fruit quality in terms of °Brix and colour. In conclusion, double grafting presents several beneficial aspects that are counter-balanced by the extra cost of the technique. The difference in yields reflects compatibility problems.  相似文献   

14.
We assessed the effect of soil-applied derivatives of melia (Melia azedarach L.) and neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on nitrogen (N) soil availability, root uptake and peach (Prunus persica L.) growth. First we evaluated the effectiveness of experimentally prepared amendments made with fresh ground melia leaves or commercial neem cake incorporated into the soil as nitrification inhibitors, then we evaluated the effect of fresh ground melia fruits and neem cake on growth and N root uptake of potted peach trees, and on soil microbial respiration. Soil-applied fresh ground melia leaves at 10 and 20 g kg−1 of soil as well as commercial neem cake (10 g kg−1) were ineffective in decreasing the level of mineral N after soil application of urea-N as a source of mineral N, rather they increased soil concentration of nitric N and ammonium N. The incorporation into the soil of fresh ground melia fruits (at 20 and 40 g kg−1) and neem cake (at 10 and 20 g kg−1) increased N concentration in leaves of GF677 peach × almond (Prunus amygdalus) hybrid rootstock alone or grafted with one-year-old variety Rome Star peach trees. An increase in microbial respiration, leaf green color and plant biomass compared to the control trees were also observed. The Meliaceae derivatives did not affect, in the short term (7 days), N root uptake efficiency, as demonstrated by the use of stable isotope 15N, rather they promoted in the long term an increase of soil N availability, N leaf concentration and plant growth.  相似文献   

15.
Two years old self-rooted Koroneiki olive trees (Olea europaea L.) were subjected to two irrigation regimes, i.e. the fully irrigated and the severely water stressed trees, while they were treated with three alleviating products of different mode of action. The products used were the osmolyte glycine betaine, the antioxidant Ambiol and the heat and irradiance reflecting kaolin clay particles. The effects of product application and water regime on leaf characteristics, shoot and root growth, photosynthesis, leaf compatible solids (carbohydrates) concentration and yield were evaluated. All products applied, exhibited significant alleviating action, based on the relative alleviation index. Irrigated trees exhibited greater growth than drought stressed ones, while the ameliorating products maintained the water content of the leaves under drought conditions and resulted in lower leaf tissue density. On the other hand carbon assimilation rate, stomatal conductance and intrinsic water use efficiency were significantly reduced under drought stress, while the opposite stood for intercellular CO2. Drought stress resulted in elevated sucrose leaf concentration, while the application of Ambiol increased stachyose concentration and that of glycine betaine did the same with the mannitol concentration. Among the alleviating products tested in this experiment Ambiol and glycine betaine had a significant positive effect on leaf water content, photosynthesis and yield under both drought and well irrigated conditions.  相似文献   

16.
In the northeast of Brazil the drought period determines the yield period of the sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.). As a result, the use of irrigation is essential to stagger production over the course of the year. The results shown here represent an analysis of water status levels in sugar apples in daylight and seasonal periods in semi-arid regions. Two plant groups were studied: one without irrigation and the other with irrigation during drought months. This study showed that younger leaves displayed greater stomatal conductance and transpiration. In drought months, even in irrigated plants, the high air moisture deficit had a strong influence on the stomatal closure, which did not translate into a reduction in transpiration. Over the same period, the leaf water potential was −1.8 and −2.9 MPa at mid-day in irrigated and non-irrigated plants, respectively, and only the irrigated plants could recover their leaf hydration level at night. With a water deficit, plants showed greater control of transpiration through stomatal closure, with a linear relationship between stomatal conductance and transpiration.  相似文献   

17.
为培育西瓜壮苗,减少水肥资源浪费,开展了在嫁接成活期控制不同基质含水量（95%～100%、70%～75%）和育苗期使用不同水溶肥包括磷酸二氢钾和氮磷钾平衡肥（15-15-15+T E）的水肥精量控制试验,比较分析了嫁接苗的成活情况、生长指标和壮苗指数。结果表明：冬春季在玻璃温室内培育西瓜嫁接苗,嫁接后7 d内以基质最大含水量保持在95%～100%,施用磷酸二氢钾肥水溶肥1000倍液4次（在砧木现1片真叶时、嫁接苗接穗现1片真叶时、接穗1叶1心时和接穗2叶1心时分别灌根1次）为宜,可提高嫁接成活率（95%）,降低病苗率（5%）,且壮苗指数（165.59）显著高于其他3个处理,有利于培育西瓜壮苗。  相似文献   

18.
In this study we evaluated the influence of rootstocks and scions on physiological disturbances that are induced by salinity in cashew (Anacardium occidentale) plantlets. Two cashew genotypes, CCP 09 and BRS 226, were utilized as rootstocks and scions, resulting in four scion/rootstock combinations by reciprocal grafting. The plantlets were irrigated in absence (control) or in presence of 50 or 200 mM NaCl for 15 days under greenhouse conditions. The plantlets with BRS 226 as rootstocks demonstrated higher transpiration and greater accumulations of Na+ and Cl−, proline and free amino acids in leaves compared to plantlets that having CCP 09 as rootstocks. The K+ content in roots and leaves of all four combinations was not influenced by salinity or by different scion/rootstock combinations. The self-grafting of the BRS 226 genotype showed the highest stability for chlorophyll and Rubisco, exhibiting the highest tolerance to salinity. The scion genotype did not affect any of the studied physiological parameters. The studied physiological disturbances induced by salinity in cashew plantlets were more influenced by rootstock than by scion and these changes were also dependent on compatibility between scion and rootstock.  相似文献   

19.
We investigated the cause of defoliation in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants after grafting. Grafted plants of old-stage sweet pepper showed a higher defoliation rate than young-stage grafted plants. Old-stage grafted plants had lower stomatal resistance and water potential than young-stage plants, and showed poorly developed xylem connections at the graft site. Foliar application of abscisic acid (ABA) to the grafted plants increased stomatal resistance and water potential, decreased the defoliation rate, and promoted graft take among old-stage plants. Our results indicated that low stomatal resistance under low humidity induces water stress, defoliation, and low survival rate in old-stage grafted sweet pepper plants. ABA treatment increased stomatal resistance, water potential, and survival rate, and decreased the defoliation rate among old-stage sweet pepper plants.  相似文献   

20.
在早春持续低温阴雨寡日照的天气下,以甬砧5号嫁接的拿比特西瓜嫁接苗为试验材料,利用LED灯、高压钠灯于心叶刚长出时进行连续25d的补光,以自然光照为对照。结果表明,人工补光能明显促进西瓜嫁接苗的生长,补光17d起,采用LED灯和高压钠灯处理的砧木下胚轴长度和接穗下胚轴长度快速提高,嫁接苗整体株高增长显著,且叶面积增大,砧木和接穗茎粗增粗,嫁接苗生物量积累加快,接穗真叶叶绿素含量提高,叶片光合能力增加,嫁接苗成活率提高,苗期猝倒病等发病率降低。不同光源比较,LED灯的效果优于高压钠灯,且长期运行的投入成本和使用成本也更低,是今后农业领域最有前途的人工补光光源之一。  相似文献   

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