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以阿拉尔垦区棉花为试材,采用高通量测序方法研究棉花根系组织和根际土壤的细菌群落组成及其生态功能。结果显示,棉花根际土壤细菌丰富度指数(Chao1)和多样性指数(Shannon)显著大于根系组织内生细菌丰富度指数(Chao1)和多样性指数(Shannon)。棉花根际土壤中细菌的各分类水平(门、纲、目、科、属)数量大于棉花根系组织中的数量。物种注释结果表明,根系组织和根际土壤两个微环境优势菌群明显不同。棉花根系组织和根际土壤优势菌群不一样,对生物防治菌种筛选有一定的指导作用。 相似文献
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为探究不同棉花秸秆还田量对棉花生长发育和根际土壤的影响,明确其可能的增产机制,本研究以早熟棉JX0010为试验材料,设置不施加秸秆(CK)、施加三分之一粉碎秸秆(T1)、施加三分之二粉碎秸秆(T2)、施加全量粉碎秸秆(T3)4个处理,于棉花苗期取棉株主茎倒4叶比较分析不同秸秆还田量处理下棉花苗期生理生化指标、根际土壤理化性质和土壤微生物群落指标。结果表明：与对照相比,T1、T2和T3处理棉苗的叶绿素含量、根系活力、过氧化物酶活性和硝酸还原酶活性均显著提高,土壤pH值、碱解氮含量和全氮含量增加但不显著;土壤有机质含量随秸秆还田量的增加呈先降低后增加再降低的趋势;秸秆还田量的增加使土壤中变形菌纲的丰度上升,放线菌纲的丰度降低。综合分析,T2、T3处理均可以显著提高棉花的生理生化指标,且T2处理能显著增加土壤有机质含量和改善土壤微生物群落结构,可达到优化土壤结构、提升土壤肥力的目的。 相似文献
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采用桶栽试验,研究尿素、硫酸铵、硝酸钙3种氮肥等量氮投入在不同土壤全氮含量条件下（分别为0.67、0.71、0.86、0.93、1.30 g·kg－1）对棉花的产量和氮素吸收的影响。试验采用裂区设计,主区为5种不同土壤全氮含量的土壤,副区为3种不同氮肥。结果表明,土壤全氮含量对棉花单株干物质质量、单株成铃数、籽棉产量的影响达到了显著水平,但对棉株铃重和氮素积累量无显著影响,土壤全氮含量1.30 g·kg－1处理棉花单株干物质质量、单株成铃数、籽棉产量显著高于土壤全氮含量0.67 、0.71、0.86 g·kg－1处理,但与土壤全氮含量0.93 g·kg－1处理无显著差异。氮肥种类对棉花单株干物质质量、单株成铃数、铃重、籽棉产量、单株氮素吸收量的影响未达到显著水平。土壤全氮含量和氮肥种类对棉花单株干物质质量、单株成铃数、籽棉产量、单株氮素吸收量的互作效应不显著。本研究结果为不同土壤肥力条件下氮肥的合理施用提供了实践基础。 相似文献
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锌对棉花的作用及效果试验初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
锌是作物生长发育所必需的微量元素之一,它是植株碳酸酐酶、多种脱氢酶、蛋白质酶、肽酶的重要组成部份,对作物生长调节剂的合成起着控制作用。棉花属于对锌敏感的作物。土壤缺锌影响棉花正常生长,严重缺锌时棉花植株矮小、畸形、叶片叶脉间失绿并有坏死斑点,导致减产。经我省土壤普查,滨湖地区冲积性砂质土壤有效锌含量一般低于0.5ppm。我省有四分之一面积的棉花田分布在这种土壤上。因此,研究棉花施用锌肥的效果及施用技术是有价值的。 相似文献
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土壤全氮含量和氮肥种类对棉花产量和氮素吸收的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
《中国棉花》2019,(11)
采用桶栽试验,研究尿素、硫酸铵、硝酸钙3种氮肥等量氮投入在不同土壤全氮含量条件下(分别为0.67、0.71、0.86、0.93、1.30 g·kg~(-1))对棉花的产量和氮素吸收的影响。试验采用裂区设计,主区为5种不同土壤全氮含量的土壤,副区为3种不同氮肥。结果表明,土壤全氮含量对棉花单株干物质质量、单株成铃数、籽棉产量的影响达到了显著水平,但对棉株铃重和氮素积累量无显著影响,土壤全氮含量1.30 g·kg~(-1)处理棉花单株干物质质量、单株成铃数、籽棉产量显著高于土壤全氮含量0.67、0.71、0.86 g·kg~(-1)处理,但与土壤全氮含量0.93 g·kg~(-1)处理无显著差异。氮肥种类对棉花单株干物质质量、单株成铃数、铃重、籽棉产量、单株氮素吸收量的影响未达到显著水平。土壤全氮含量和氮肥种类对棉花单株干物质质量、单株成铃数、籽棉产量、单株氮素吸收量的互作效应不显著。本研究结果为不同土壤肥力条件下氮肥的合理施用提供了实践基础。 相似文献
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提高棉田土壤微量元素含量的措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
安阳市农业局根据棉区生产需要 ,2 0 0 3年对本市棉区土壤进行了取土化验 ,以进一步了解其微量元素含量 ,有针对性地应用微肥提高棉花产量和品质。共计取 78个土壤样品进行化验分析得出 :棉区土壤有效锌、硼、锰、铁、铜含量分别为 0 .90、0 .74、6.2 5、5 .66、1 .2 3mg· kg-1(表 1 )。按照微量元素分级标准 ,从表 1中化验数据可知 ,本市棉区微量元素速效锌、硼、锰、铁元素含量属三级水平 ,速效铜元素含量属二级水平 ,整体分析棉区土壤微量元素含量属中等水平 ,在临界值边缘。因此 ,棉区土壤增施微量元素含量已刻不容缓。1微量元素对棉花… 相似文献
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Krishna Kumari S Thayumanavan B 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,53(1):47-56
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) pictures of small millet starch granules showed more large polygonal and few small spherical or polygonal granules. The granules of small millets resembled those of rice starch granules. The size of the starch granules ranged from 0.8–10 m. The size of the granules was larger in barnyard millet and smaller in proso millet. Several granules showed deep indentation caused by protein bodies. SEM of starch isolated from 24 hour-germinated kodo millet showed pitting or pinholes at some points due to the attack of amylases (preferentially on bigger granules). Brabender viscoamylograph studies on small millet starches revealed that the gelatinization temperatures ranged from 75.8 to 84.9 ° C. Barnyard millet possessed lower amylograph viscosity, minimum breakdown, and relative breakdown values when compared to the other small millets. 相似文献
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Effects of timing and rate of N fertilizer application on concentrations of P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn in herbage from perennial ryegrass/white clover pastures were studied at two sites in south-western Victoria, Australia. Nitrogen fertilizer (0, 15, 25, 30, 45 and 60 kg ha–1 ) was applied as urea in mid-April, early May, mid-May, early June and mid-June 1996 to pastures grazed by dairy cows. At Site 1, N fertilizer resulted in a linear increase in P, K, S, Mg and Cl concentrations in herbage and a linear decrease in Ca concentration. For all times of application, concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg and Cl in herbage increased by 0·0048, 0·08, −0·010, 0·0013 and 0·053 g kg–1 dry matter (DM) per kg N applied respectively. For S concentration, maximum responses occurred in mid-May (0·012 g kg–1 DM per kg N applied). At Site 2, N fertilizer resulted in a linear increase in P, S and Na concentrations in herbage, a linear decrease in Ca concentration and a curvilinear increase in K and Cl concentration. The maximum responses for P, S and K concentrations in herbage occurred for the N application in mid-June and were 0·015, 0·008 and 0·47 g kg–1 DM per kg N applied respectively. For Cl concentration, the maximum response occurred for the N application in early June and was 0·225 g kg–1 DM per kg N applied. Overall, applications of N fertilizer up to 60 kg ha–1 did not alter herbage mineral concentration to levels that might affect pasture growth or animal health. 相似文献
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W. L. Porter 《American Journal of Potato Research》1967,44(10):382-382
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Various parameters,e.g. types of microtiter plate for DAS-ELISA (double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), use of fresh or frozen amplifier solutions for enzyme-amplified-ELISA, and use of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (NaDIECA) in sample buffer in cocktail-ELISA were evaluated for the detection of potato viruses A, M, S, X, Y and leafroll from potato foliage. Dynatech Immulon immunoplates provided higher readings for all viruses. Fresh amplifier solution in amplifed-ELISA was superior to frozen solutions. Amplified ELISA gave only marginal improvement in the sensitivity over the standard DAS-ELISA. Addition of NaDIECA in sample buffer did not improve the detection of viruses in DAS-, amplified-, or cocktail-ELISA. Cocktail-ELISA can reduce antigen incubation time to as short as 15 min for PVA, PVM and PVX; 1 hr for PVY and PLRV; and 2–4 hr for PVS using pre-coated plates. Although amplified-ELISA is slightly more sensitive than DAS-ELISA for certain potato viruses, it is not suitable for large-scale indexing of potato viruses in Seed Certification Laboratories, in view of the additional steps needed in carrying out this procedure. 相似文献
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The milling potential of hulled barley, hulled oat, triticale, rye and wheat was studied using a long tempering process and a laboratory four-roller mill. Regardless of the investigated cereal, the results indicated a significant influence (p < 0.05) of volume per surface area ratio on the milling yield and ash contents of the flour. The lowest milling yield was obtained in case of hulled oat. Solvent retention capacity profiles were determined for all investigated whole cereals and flours for predicting the contribution of different polymers to the functionality of samples. For all solvents higher values were obtained for the whole cereals compared to the corresponding flour. Thermo-mechanical properties of the whole cereals and refined flours were also investigated. If in case of wheat the gluten proteins play an essential role on dough behaviour during kneading at 30 °C, in case of triticale, rye, hulled barley and hulled oat, the fibers play a major role as well. Thermo-mechanical properties of starch registered a large variation between cereals and/or flours. The lowest torque value corresponding to starch gelatinization (C3) was registered in case of the hulled oat flour, 1.92 Nm, while the highest value in case of rye flour, 2.65 Nm. 相似文献
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Study of antimicrobial activity of aloevera, chitosan, and curcumin on cotton, wool, and rabbit hair 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Aloevera, chitosan, and curcumin were applied in alone and in combination with each others on cotton, wool and rabbit hair
by exhaustion method for the assessment of their antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of these natural ingredients
was better in peroxide treated cotton, formic acid treated wool/rabbit hair fibrous substrates than their corresponding intact
ones. Aloevera shown better antimicrobial activity than chitosan and curcumin when applied alone and its antimicrobial activity
was enhanced by addition of both chitosan and curcumin. The application of aloevera+chitosan+curcumin combination on peroxide
treated cotton and formic acid treated wool/rabbit hair fibrous substrate was fast up to twenty five washing cycles. 相似文献
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The concentration of mineral elements in herbage from permanent swards of mixed species composition (predominantly Agrostis spp., Holcus lanatus, Festuca rubra, Lolium perenne, Poa spp., etc.) was compared with that from sown perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne ) at two fertilizer rates (0 and 300kg N ha−1 year−1 , both with P and K) and with L. perennel Trifolium repens (at 0 N with P and K). The investigation was conducted over four years at sixteen contrasting sites in England and Wales. Herbage samples for mineral analysis were taken at first and fourth harvests (May and August) each year from plots under 4-weekly cutting. There was a wide degree of variation between sites, particularly for concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na and all trace elements analysed. Herbage from L. perenne reseeds had significantly higher concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, Co and S, but K, Mo, Zn, Cu and P were generally lower than in the permanent swards. L. perennel T. repens swards had the highest concentration of major cations, but trace element levels were generally intermediate between those for 0 N permanent and L. perenne swards. Fertilizer N reduced concentrations of Ca, Mn, Mo and S, and increased Mg, Na and Zn, with no consistent effects on K, Co and Cu. Herbage at harvest 4, compared with harvest 1, had higher Ca, Mg, Na, Mn, Zn and S. Permanent and L. perenne swards responded similarly to fertilizer N and between harvest dates. Results are discussed in relation to previous reports of botanical and fertilizer effects on mineral concentrations, and the mineral requirements of livestock. Changes in mineral concentration resulting from reseeding permanent swards are considered unlikely to increase mineral-related livestock disorders, and in many cases could be beneficial, though problems might arise on sites where some elements, e.g. Cu and Mg, are low. 相似文献