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1.
Barramundi (Lates calcarifer), a catadromous teleost of commercial interest, perform well when fed a wide range of dietary oils. However, the range of alternative oils now being explored is typically rich in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (SFA and MUFA). In this study, the response of juvenile barramundi (47.0 g per fish initial weight) fed isolipidic and isoenergetic diets with 82 g kg?1 added oil was tested. The experimental test diets had a 2 : 1 or 1 : 2 ratio of SFA to MUFA (SFA‐D and MUFA‐D, respectively) compared to a control diet (CTRL‐D) fed for 8 weeks. The diets containing mostly olive oil (dietary MUFA‐D) and mostly refined palm oil (dietary SFA‐D) did not impact the growth performance or feed utilization parameters of the barramundi. The in vivo beta‐oxidation activity was consistent with the dietary fatty acid composition, with the most dominant FA being heavily beta‐oxidized. Together, the in vivo whole‐body mass balance of fatty acids showed that n‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFA) were most efficiently utilized in the SFA‐D‐ and MUFA‐D‐fed fish. This study provides evidence that additional dietary MUFA and SFA are suitable lipid classes for juvenile barramundi and they are both equally efficient at sparing LC‐PUFA from an oxidative fate.  相似文献   

2.
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with brewers yeast (Brewtech®) and nucleotides (Optimûn), either singularly or in combination, on red drum growth, body composition, stress responses and possible resistance to Amyloodinium ocellatum infection. Juvenile red drum (～1 g initially) fed practical fish‐meal‐based diets for 6 weeks had similar weight gain regardless of whether the diet was unsupplemented (basal) or supplemented with brewers yeast (2% of diet), nucleotides (Optimûn at 0.2% of diet) or both brewers yeast (2% of diet) and nucleotides (Optimûn at 0.2% of diet). Dietary effects on hepatosomatic index, intraperitoneal fat ratio or whole‐body composition were not significant, except that fish fed the singular nucleotide supplement had a significantly higher whole‐body lipid content compared with fish fed the basal diet. No significant dietary effects on cortisol response were observed after a 15 min confinement stress test perhaps because of the extreme variation among individual fish. Subsequently, in situ challenge by co‐habitation with A. ocellatum caused 100% mortality regardless of dietary treatment within a 48 h period. It is concluded that dietary supplementation of brewers yeast and nucleotides did not promote enhanced growth or improved cortisol response and resistance to uncontrolled amyloodiniosis in juvenile red drum, at least at the tested dosages.  相似文献   

3.
Five sources of dietary fatty acids (fish, linseed, sunflower, olive and coconut oils) were evaluated in juvenile Nile tilapia in two trials: at optimal (28°C) and suboptimal (22°C) temperatures lasting 9 and 12 weeks, respectively. At 28°C, there was no clear effect of dietary source on fish growth, but at 22°C, the highest daily weight gain occurred in fish fed sunflower, linseed and fish oil. Feed efficiency and apparent net protein utilization increased as the amount of unsaturated fatty acids, especially n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), in the diet increased. Coconut oil, which is rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA), led to the worst growth results, especially at 22°C, with the lowest weight gain, feed intake and feed utilization by tilapia. The body fatty acid profile, in % of total fatty acids, was dependent on diet composition. However, for all treatments, PUFA body content increased with the decrease in temperature, but SFA and monounsaturated fatty acids remained the primary contributors to the body profile. Either fish oil or vegetable oil may be used as sources of dietary fatty acids for Nile tilapia, but at suboptimal temperatures, a dietary source containing more PUFA and less SFA improves performance.  相似文献   

4.
We evaluated the effects of dietary lipid levels on the growth, whole body composition and fatty acid composition of juvenile gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). Triplicate groups of 120 juvenile Carassius auratus gibelio (average weight: 2.05 g) were fed four isonitrogenic diets formulated with lipid levels of 1.4% (low), 6.1% (control), 11.6% (medium) and 21.1% (high) for 60 days. Weight gain in the 11.6% lipid group was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio decreased and protein efficiency ratio increased (P > 0.05) as dietary lipid levels increased. N‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were not detected in faeces. The whole body lipid contents of 11.6% and 21.1% lipid level groups were significantly higher than that of the 1.4% and 6.1% lipid level groups (P < 0.05). The content of whole body n‐3 PUFA in the 21.1% lipid level group enhanced significantly (P < 0.05). The whole body contents of eicosapntemacnioc acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the 21.1% lipid level group were the highest (P < 0.05). These results indicated that high dietary lipid levels (21.1%) inhibit weight gain and promoted fat and n‐3 PUFA deposition in juvenile Carassius auratus gibelio, which led to liver damage. A dietary lipid level of 11.6% was determined to be optimal for growth performance of juvenile Carassius auratus gibelio.  相似文献   

5.
Nile tilapia juveniles (8.35 ± 0.80 g) were fed on four levels (0.0%; 0.5%; 1.0%; 2.0%, 4.0%) of Aurantiochytrium sp. meal (ALL‐G‐RICH?), a source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The 1% Aurantiochytrium sp. meal diet was compared to a control diet, which contained the same amount of DHA as cod liver oil (CLO) at 1.7% diet. Groups of 25 fish were stocked in 100 L tanks and fed twice daily until apparent satiation, for 57 days, at 28°C. Increasing dietary Aurantiochytrium sp. meal reduced the body retention of DHA and n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFA) but increased the body retention of alpha‐linolenic (α‐LNA), linoleic (LOA) and n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐6 PUFA). Fatty acid profile in tilapia muscle was affected by increasing dietary inclusions of Aurantiochytrium sp. meal, with an increase in DHA, α‐LNA, n‐3 PUFA and n‐3 long chain‐polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 LC‐PUFA) but a decrease in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), n‐6 PUFA and n‐6 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐6 LC‐PUFA). There was a larger body retention of DHA, α‐LNA, LOA, n‐3 PUFA and n‐6 PUFA fatty acids and a higher percentage of DHA, n‐3 PUFA and n‐3 LC‐PUFA in muscle fatty acid profile in fish fed on CLO diets than in those fed on 1% Aurantiochytrium sp. Therefore, Aurantiochytrium sp. meal is an alternative source of DHA for Nile tilapia diets.  相似文献   

6.
Kesuhong No. 1 with high concentration of astaxanthin was a newly approved aquaculture variety of ridgetail white prawn (Exopalaemon carinicauda) in China, and the information on the nutrient composition and quality evaluation of this new variety is insufficient. Thus, the proximate composition, amino acid and fatty acid profiles were analysed and compared between the new variety and the wild‐typed prawn in the present study, for its better application of the new variety. It showed that there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) of the proximate composition, essential amino acid and saturated fatty acid (SFA) of muscle tissue between the wild‐typed prawn and the new variety. However, for the content of some delicious amino acids (Ala and Tyr), it was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in the wild‐typed prawn. Similarly, for some ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFA), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapntemacnioc acid (EPA), it was also significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in the wild‐typed prawn. In addition, higher PUFA/SFA ratio and lower ω6/ω3 ratio also improved muscle quality in the new variety. Information obtained in the present study indicates a promising natural source of ω3 PUFA with high nutritional value, and has strong potential application value in this new variety of E. carinicauda.  相似文献   

7.
This study evaluated the nutritional value of dietary n‐3 and n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as linoleic (LOA) and linolenic (LNA) acids, and highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) such as arachidonic (AA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids for juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei, based on their effects on growth, survival, and fatty acid composition of hepatopancreas and muscle tissue. Diets contained 5% total lipid. A basal diet contained palmitic and stearic acids each at 2.5% of diet. Five diets contained 0.5% dry weight of LOA, LNA, AA, EPA, or DHA. An additional diet evaluated HUFA in combination by supplementing at 0.5% of diet, a mixture of n‐3 HUFA. All HUFA showed higher nutritional value than PUFA for shrimp and produced significantly (P < 0.05) higher final weight, weight gain, and total lipid in shrimp muscle. Fatty acid profiles of shrimp tissues reflected the composition of the dietary lipids. In general, saturated fatty acids were more abundant in the neutral factions, while PUFA and HUFA were more abundant in the polar fractions of tissues. Under these experimental conditions, HUFA had much greater nutritional value than PUFA for juvenile L. vannamei; moreover, dietary requirements for PUFA were not demonstrated.  相似文献   

8.
The composition of protein, carbohydrate, lipid and fatty acids of the gonad of wild female broodstock of black‐lip pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera, was compared with oysters fed on a ternary combination of microalgae in hatchery. Artificial feeding was found to be as good as natural feeding in terms of number and size of released eggs. Lipid, protein and carbohydrate reserves of unfed oysters were found to be insufficient to complete oogenesis. The proportions of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of the neutral and polar lipids extracted from female gonads were not influenced by variations in the fatty acid composition of the natural food and ternary combination of microalgae in hatchery. T‐Iso, Chaetoceros calcitrans and Chaetoceros muelleri were able to provide sufficient 22:6n‐3 (DHA) and 20:5n‐3 (EPA), two of the most important essential fatty acids required for gametogenesis. The n‐3/n‐6 and 22:5n‐3/20:4n‐3 ratios were consistently higher in the neutral lipids than in the polar lipids. Conversely, the ratio of 20:4n‐3/20:5n‐3, 22:6n‐3/20:5n‐3 and PUFA/SFA was higher in the polar lipids.  相似文献   

9.
The effect of dietary n‐3 series fatty acids on the number of pleopadal egg and stage 1 juvenile in freshwater crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus was investigated. Crayfish were fed with n‐3 series fatty acids supplemented diets and a control diet for 251 days. Control diet did not comprise additional n‐3 series fatty acids. However, D2, D3 and D4 groups were supplemented with n‐3 series fatty acids at 1%, 2% and 3% level respectively. Results showed the beneficial effects of dietary n‐3 series fatty acids on the production of pleopodal egg and stage 1 juvenile number. At the end of the experiment, pleopodal egg (from 177 to 234) and stage 1 juvenile number (from 167 to 225) increased significantly with increased dietary n‐3 series fatty acid level. In addition, an increase in dietary n‐3 series fatty acids led to an increase in number of pleopodal egg and stage 1 juvenile produced per gram of female crayfish weight. It can be concluded that the reproductive efficiency of A. leptodactylus (i.e., pleopodal egg and stage 1 juvenile number) can be improved in controlled hatchery conditions by adding n‐3 series fatty acid into the diet of this species.  相似文献   

10.
H. Xu  J. Du  S. Li  K. Mai  W. Xu  Q. Ai 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2017,23(6):1449-1457
Studies were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary n‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n‐3 LC‐PUFA) on growth performance, lipid deposition, hepatic fatty acid composition and serum enzyme activities of juvenile Japanese seabass Lateolabrax japonicus (initial mean weight 29.2 ± 1.34 g). Triplicate groups of 30 Japanese seabass were fed with six diets containing grade levels of n‐3 LC‐PUFA (1.30, 2.98, 5.64, 10.31, 14.51, 24.13 g kg–1 of dry weight) to apparent satiation twice daily for 9 weeks. The specific growth rate (SGR) was the highest in 10.31 g kg–1 dietary n‐3 LC‐PUFA group. Crude lipid content of the fish decreased significantly with increasing dietary n‐3 LC‐PUFA. Meanwhile, the hepatic lipid content increased significantly in the 24.13 g kg–1 group. Hepatic n‐3 LC‐PUFA content of total fatty acids was closely correlated with that in diet. No significant difference was observed in serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities. Moderate n‐3 LC‐PUFA level (10.31 g kg–1 of dry weight) in the diet was beneficial to enhance the activity of lysozyme in serum. Based on SGR, the optimum dietary n‐3 LC‐PUFA content was estimated to be around 10.94 g kg–1 of dry weight by second‐order polynomial regression method.  相似文献   

11.
The possibility of increasing n‐3 and n‐6 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content in microalgal mixtures used to feed Tapes philippinarum larvae was explored by lowering culture temperature from 26 to 14 °C. Although fatty acid composition of different microalgal species has a genetic basis, the algal cultures grown at 14 °C significantly increased the content of long‐chain n‐3 PUFA in Isocrysis galbana and in Thalassiosira pseudonana, while in Tetraselmis tetrathelo, the PUFA increase only involved shorter chain PUFA, namely 16:4n‐3 and 18:4n‐3. However, larvae fed on the PUFA enriched microalgal mixture did not show improvements in growth and survival performances with respect to the control group fed the microalgal mixture grown at 26 °C. From a biochemical perspective, two key aspects emerged from the results: (i) clam larvae have adequate biotransformation and selection skills to adjust fatty acid profile to their requirements as they can even modulate the incorporation of essential long‐chain PUFA as 20:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 when the dietary supply exceeds the physiological requirements; (ii) bivalve can biosynthesize non‐methylene‐interrupted dienoic (NMID) fatty acids as confirmed by the constancy of relative proportion with larvae growth in spite of the NMID fatty acid absence in the diet.  相似文献   

12.
In the present study, hybrid and inbred oysters were produced by factorial hybridization between two closely related species, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the Portuguese oyster C. angulata. Tissues samples were used for the analysis of total lipid content (TLC) and fatty acid composition (FAC). In general, FAC but not TLC in hybrid oysters was significantly different from inbred oysters. Hybrid oysters have significantly lower ∑SFA composition but higher ∑PUFA composition than inbred oysters, with heterosis for ∑SFA, ∑MUFA and ∑PUFA of ?6.03%, ?6.53% and 14.31% respectively. Moreover, hybrid oysters have significantly higher EPA + DHA content and n3/n6 PUFA ratio than inbred oysters, indicating higher lipid nutritional quality than inbred oysters. Among them, the hybrid ♀ C. gigas × ♂ C. angulata appears to be the most nutritious. These results indicated that the lipid nutritional quality of oysters can be improved by hybridization.  相似文献   

13.
We evaluated the biochemical composition of juvenile cultured and wild silver pomfret Pampus argenteus. Cultured silver pomfret (SF) had significantly (P < 0.05) lower crude protein content and higher crude lipid content than wild SF. Concentrations of almost all amino acids, except glycine and arginine, were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in wild SF compared to cultured SF. Further, wild SF had a significantly (P < 0.05) higher concentration of total amino acids (TAA), essential amino acids (EAA), and a higher essential amino acid index (EAAI) than cultured SF. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) in cultured SF were significantly higher than in wild SF. However, the content of poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and n-3 fatty acids in wild SF was significantly higher than in cultured SF. Mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in cultured and wild SF were not significantly different. Fatty acids C16:0 and C18:1 were the principal fatty acids of the SFAs and MUFAs, respectively, in both cultured and wild SF. The results will be useful for determining the dietary requirements for culture of SF.  相似文献   

14.
In this study, effects of grape Vitis vinifera seed oil supplementation (0, 250 mg, 500 mg, 1,000 mg/kg feed) for 60 days on rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss juveniles were investigated. The average final fish weights were not different between the control group and 500 mg/kg feed group (p > .05), but 250 mg/kg feed group were lower than those of the control group, and 1,000 mg/kg feed group were higher than those of the control group. Although the SFA, MUFA and n3 ratios of the control group were higher than that of the other groups, no statistical difference was found. The highest fatty acids in the fish were palmitic acid C 16: 0 in the SFA group and C 18: 1n‐9 and docosahexaenoic acid C 22: 6n‐3 in the PUFA group. The EPA ratio was significantly increased in all groups compared with the control group. The DHA ratio was significantly higher in the control group than in the experimental groups, and there was no difference between the experimental groups. Urea were significantly lower in the 250 mg/kg feed group. Total protein and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly increased in the 1,000 mg/kg feed group. Only the 1,000 mg/kg feed group showed an increase in antioxidant activities, and this concentration also yielded positive results in terms of growth performance, survival rates, fatty acid composition and antioxidant enzyme activities in rainbow trout juvenile and can be used as a natural feed additive.  相似文献   

15.
Six purified diets were formulated to contain three lipid sources, fish oil (FO), linseed oil (LO) and soybean oil (SO), at 6% diet lipid crossing two levels of vitamin E (100 and 300 mg α‐tocopheryl acetate/kg diet) for each lipid source (FO100, FO300, LO100, LO300, SO100, SO300). The juvenile Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, respectively, fed on these diets with four replicates for 6 weeks. The crab weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were significantly affected by dietary lipid sources. No difference was found between the crabs fed two levels of vitamin E, but the WG and SGR were numerically higher in crab fed 300 mg/kg vitamin E than those fed the other level of vitamin E. The lipid source and vitamin E level could affect fatty acid composition in the hepatopancreas. The contents of saturated fatty acids (SAFA) and n‐3HUFA were significantly higher in the crab‐fed fish oil. The highest contents of n‐6PUFA and n‐3PUFA were found in the crab‐fed soybean oil and linseed oil respectively. The contents of SAFA, n‐3HUFA and n‐3PUFA were higher in the 300 mg/kg vitamin E treatment. A lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content and higher phenoloxidase (PO) activity were observed in the crab fed 300 mg/kg vitamin E. The results of this study indicate that the Chinese mitten crab fed the diet with 6% fish oil and 300 mg/kg vitamin E showed better growth, antioxidant capacity and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila.  相似文献   

16.
Spatial and seasonal variation in the abundance and composition of phytoplankton and other basal resources (bacteria, terrestrial detritus) influence the availability of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for upper trophic levels in lake food webs. We studied accumulation, composition and content of fatty acids in planktivorous vendace (Coregonus albula) muscle tissue during the summer feeding period (May to late September) in six boreal lakes. Vendace muscle fatty acid content increased from ~17.7 mg/g DW to ~28.1 mg/g DW from spring to summer, corresponding to a ~59% increase in total fatty acids. PUFA accounted for 45%–65% of all fatty acids, and the most abundant fatty acid was docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3). The DHA content remained relatively constant throughout the sampling period (~7–8 mg/g DW), but the proportion of DHA decreased from ~40% in spring to ~30% in summer and autumn. The decrease in DHA proportion was due to accumulation of other fatty acids, primarily C18 PUFA (predominantly synthetised by algae) and monounsaturated fatty acids. A similar fatty acid accumulation pattern was observed in lipid storing copepods, an important prey for planktivorous vendace. The abundance of bacterial and terrestrial biomarker fatty acids in vendace muscle and prey items was low (<5% and <0.1% respectively). The increase in weight and the deposition of internal energy stores in vendace were achieved predominantly by algae‐based food chain. This has ecological implications, as vendace requires sufficient lipid stores for reproduction in autumn and survival over winter.  相似文献   

17.
ABSTRACT

The proximate content, fatty acids composition, and nutritional quality index (NQI) of Macrobrachium nipponense at three habitats in the Anzali wetland in Iran were investigated as a potential source for human consumption. The highest amounts of protein, lipid, ash, and energy contents in muscle of M. nipponense were showed in autumn (non-reproductive season) (p < 0.05). The main monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were oleic acid (C18:1 n9 C, C18:1 ω9 T) and palmitoleic acid (C16:1). Moreover, the main polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n3), arachidonic acid (ARA, C20:4 n6), linoleic acid (LA, C18:2 ω6), and α-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3 n3). The predominant individual saturated fatty acid (SFA) was palmitic acid (0.07–13.4%), while oleic acid (14.7–26.3%), EPA (3.5–12.7%) and linoleic acid (0.04–14.9%) represented the most abundant individual MUFA and PUFA in M. nipponense. The highest mean value of EPA+DHA (14.0), n3/n6 (1.02), ΣMUFA/ΣSFA (1.05), ΣPUFA/ΣSFA (1.04), and EPA/DHA (3.8) ratios in M. nipponense was in autumn. The range of atherogenicity index (AI) and thrombogenicity index (TI) was much lower, from 0.42 to 0.6 and from 0.33 to 0.57, respectively, in terms of season. The results obtained in the present study show that M. nipponense is an excellent nutritional food source in the Anzali wetland.  相似文献   

18.
Fish oil (FO) substitution has been studied in many marine carnivorous fish, but seldom in marine herbivorous or omnivorous species. To evaluate the feasibility of using soybean oil (SO) as a dietary lipid and confirm its capability of converting C18 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) into long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC‐PUFA) in the marine herbivorous teleost Siganus canaliculatus, juvenile fish were fed with four formulated diets differing in lipid composition, with SO accounting for 0.76% (SO0), 23% (SO23), 45% (SO45) and 67% (SO67) of total dietary lipid respectively. After feeding for 8 weeks, growth performance including weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency rate were better in the SO23 and, especially, SO45 groups than in the SO0 and SO67 groups (P < 0.05). Tissue fatty acid compositions were affected by diet, with the liver contents of eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosapentaenoic (DPA), docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids and total n‐3 PUFA displaying parallel changes with the corresponding dietary fatty acids. While the muscle contents of EPA, DPA and total n‐3 PUFA between SO0 and SO23 groups, and the liver contents of arachidonic acid (ARA) and 20:4n‐3, as well as the muscle content of 20:3n‐6 between SO0 and SO45 groups showed no difference, confirming the biosynthesis of LC‐PUFA from C18 precursors in vivo as the contents of corresponding fatty acids in diets SO23/SO45 were much lower than those in diet SO0 (P < 0.05). The results indicate that SO may be a suitable dietary lipid source for S. canaliculatus, and can replace up to 67% or 45% of total dietary FO without negatively compromising growth performance or nutritional quality of fish respectively. Moreover, the study increases our knowledge of FO substitution in marine herbivorous fish.  相似文献   

19.
This study investigated the effects of varying dietary levels of decosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on growth performance, proximate composition and whole body fatty acid profiles of juvenile silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus. Triplicate groups of fish (30.55 ± 0.08 g) were fed diets containing 5.2%, 9.31% and 13.38% DHA (% of total fatty acids) or 0.85%, 1.52% and 2.18% DHA on dry diet weight for diets 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Survival was not affected by dietary DHA levels. The growth performance and feed utilization parameters of fish fed diets 2 and 3 were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those fed diet 1, although these parameters in diets 2 and 3 did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). Whole body lipid and fatty acid profiles were influenced by dietary DHA levels. Significantly higher n‐3 fatty acids particularly DHA, DHA:EPA(eicosapentaenoic acid) ratios and n‐3:n‐6 ratios were observed in fish fed diets 2 and 3 compared to those fed diet 1. Better growth performance and higher whole body DHA:EPA (2.31, 2.29) ratios and n‐3:n‐6 ratios (2.17, 2.12) observed in fish fed diets 2 and 3, respectively, suggests that silver pomfret juveniles have a higher requirement for n‐3 fatty acids, notably DHA for optimum growth and survival.  相似文献   

20.
The composition of tail muscle fatty acids from wild and cultured bluefin tuna reared on a diet based on herring and sardine, along with the plasma lipid profile of the farmed individuals, was determined. The total lipid content of farmed bluefin in this study was 0.922 g/100 g or 3.49 g of saturated fatty acids (SAFA), 4.48 g of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), 2.58 g polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) n‐3 and 0.37 g of PUFA n‐6 fatty acids; for wild specimens, it was 0.920 g/100 g, or 2.85 g of SAFA, 4.82 g of MUFA, 2.78 g PUFA n‐3 and 0.27 g of PUFA n‐6 fatty acids. The major fatty acids in this study were 16:0; 16:1, n‐7; 18:1, n‐9 and DHA 22:6, n‐3 acids. The sum of these major components accounted for more than 57% and 80% of the total fatty acids in all the samples of farmed and wild tuna respectively. No significant differences in the proximate composition were demonstrated between farmed and wild samples, except for the energy value, in favour of the farmed tuna. Statistically, glucose tends to increase together with cholesterol (CHOL) and plasma triglyceride, as for these pairs, it showed positive correlation coefficients and P>0.05. Some measured tuna metabolites demonstrated strong mutual correlations, especially GLU, CHOL and TRIG, which are crucial factors in the lipid profile of animals.  相似文献   

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