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1.
This study was conducted to determine the staining properties, the light and electron microscopic appearance and numerical distribution of mast cells from different regions of the bovine oviduct during the estrous phase and luteal phase. Ten oviducts from bovines in the estrous phase, and 10 from bovines in the luteal phase were used as study samples. In three regions of the oviduct (infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus), mast cells that showed metachromasia with toluidin blue and Ab(+), SO(-) with the combined Ab/SO stains were encountered. Electron microscopic studies of the mast cells showed them to contain two types of granules; a dense homogeneous type and a tiny particulate type. In all three regions of the oviduct, the luteal phase was observed to have a higher number of mast cells per mm2 area than the estrual phase with the isthmus having the most dense population.  相似文献   

2.
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3.
This study was carried out to compare the lectin-binding pattern in the normal and pathological oviduct of sows during the ovarian cycle. Lectin-binding patterns showed differences between segments, phases of ovarian cycle and presence of morphologic lesions. In the infundibulum, it was observed that the cysts, in the follicular phase, reduced Ricinus communis-I (RCA-I) and Ulex europaeus-I (UEA-I) binding. Furthermore, in the pathological oviducts of the luteal-phase group, there is a reduction of Concanavalia ensiformis (Con-A) reactivity in this segment of the tube having wall cysts, adenomyosis and diverticulus. The Arachis hypogaea (PNA) binding in the infundibulum, during the luteal phase, decreased in the tube having adenomyosis. In animals with wall cysts, the Con-A, Triticum vulgaris (WGA) and RCA-I reactivity was minor in the glycocalyx of the isthmus epithelium during follicular phase. Con-A and Dolichos biflorus (DBA) binding pattern was minor in the luteal-phase isthmus of the tube having wall cysts, adenomyosis and diverticulus. In the ampulla, the wall cysts impaired the Con-A reaction only in the basal region of the epithelium, in the follicular phase. Binding with Con-A was decreased in the ampulla of animals in the luteal phase in the tube lesions with cysts and diverticulus. In addition, the diverticulus observed in the ampulla, during the luteal phase, reduced the PNA tubaric binding. The results of this study showed that the morphologic alterations modify the sugar pattern in the oviduct of sows. These modifications in glycoconjugates may be one of the reasons for the failure of fertility in sows.  相似文献   

4.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphological changes in the epithelium of Thai swamp buffalo oviducts at the follicular and luteal phases by histological technique and scanning electron microscopy. The samples from the infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus and uterotubal junction (UTJ) of the oviduct were taken immediately after slaughter at the local abattoir. Noticeable cyclic changes were observed on the epithelial surface of the infundibulum and ampulla, but few changes were present in the isthmus and UTJ. At the follicular phase, the epithelium of infundibulum and ampulla were densely covered with ciliated cells whose cilia concealed the apical processes of the secretory cells. In contrast, the secretory cells dominated in the epithelium at the luteal phase and most of the ciliated cells were hidden by the bulbous processes of these cells. In the isthmus and UTJ at the follicular and luteal phases, the secretory cells were almost flat or gently rounded and covered with numerous microvilli at their apical surface. In conclusion, the histological and ultrastructural observation of Thai swamp oviduct epithelium revealed marked cyclic changes in the cellular differences associated with the main functions of segmental variations.  相似文献   

5.
The Chinese Meishan pig is prolific breed and it is considered that this pig has a capacity with higher rates of embryonic survival. The oviductal secretory cells may affect the embryonic development and survival. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ultrastructural features of secretory cells in the various regions of the Chinese Meishan pig oviduct during the follicular and luteal phases of the oestrous cycle. In the ampullar secretory cells, numerous secretory granules with moderately electron-dense matrices were present in the supranuclear cytoplasm and exocytosis of secretory granules was observed. The number of secretory granules was dramatically reduced in the ampullar secretory cells in the luteal phase. During the follicular phase in the fimbrial epithelium, the secretory cells contained rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, but most cells had few small granules. In the luteal phase, the secretory cells in the ampullar and fimbrial epithelia extended beyond the luminal border of the ciliated cells. In the isthmus, many granules were present in the cytoplasm of secretory cells throughout the oestrous cycle, but the number of secretory granules was reduced in the luteal phase. The cytomorphometric data revealed that the height of ciliated cells decreased substantially in the fimbriae and ampulla at the luteal phase, while that of non-ciliated cells was less affected. These results suggest that the drastic reduction of cell height of ciliated cells cause the extrusion of most secretory cells beyond the ciliated cells in the fimbriae and ampulla during the luteal phase. In summary, our ultrastructural observations of Chinese Meishan pig oviduct revealed marked cyclic changes in the ultrastructural features of secretory cells. In particular, the ultrastructural features and the numbers of secretory granules were distinctive for each particular segment. These findings should provide insight into the regional and cellular differences in functions of secretory cells of the Chinese Meishan pig oviduct.  相似文献   

6.
There are some differences in reproductive features between the Chinese Meishan (CM) pig and Large White (LW) pig. The aim of the present study was to investigate the quantitative changes and ultrastructural features of ciliated cells in the various regions of the CM and LW pig oviduct during the follicular and luteal phases of the oestrous cycle. In the fimbrial and ampullar epithelia at the follicular phase, the ciliated cells were more plentiful than in the isthmic region in both pigs. In the CM pigs, there was a striking decrease in the percentage and cell height of ciliated cells in the luteal phase compared with the follicular phase. Although similar quantitative changes were observed in the LW pig oviduct, these changes were less dramatic than that in the CM pig oviduct. In both pigs, the percentage and cell height of ciliated cells in the isthmus were unchanged between the follicular and luteal phases. The ultrastructure of ciliogenic and ciliated cells was observed. In the fimbrial and ampullar epithelia during the follicular phase, most of the ciliated cells showed normal morphology, having many elongated cilia and mitochondria, but in the CM pig oviduct during the luteal phase many of the ciliated cells possessed immature cilia and swollen mitochondria. Cells undergoing ciliogenesis were frequently observed in the fimbriae and ampulla, and occasionally in the isthmus. Cytoplasmic protrusions containing variable numbers of ciliary axonemal complexes occurred in the fimbrial and ampullar epithelium in the CM pigs at the luteal phase, suggesting that deciliation of cells occurs by membrane-bound cilia packets forming at the apices of cells and pinching off. These results demonstrate that there are regional variations in the cyclic changes associated with the oviductal ciliated cells of the pigs, while there are marked morphometrical and ultrastructural changes in oviductal ciliated cells of the CM pigs compared with that of the LW pigs.  相似文献   

7.
The objective of this work was to study cellular changes in the epithelium of the mare’s oviduct. Oviductal samples were taken from mares at different reproductive stages for optical microscopy and Hoechst 33258 staining. Glandular-like structures were observed in 100% of the oviducts. These structures were of the tubular type and were formed by ciliated and nonciliated epithelial cells arranged in a way similar to the epithelial surface. The amount of structures decreased progressively from the ampulla to the isthmus, but did not change through the different reproductive stages. Histological changes in the epithelium of the oviduct were observed associated with the reproductive stages. In the ampulla, the amount of ciliated cells decreased in the anovulatory phase compared with other reproductive stages. Cords of connective tissue lined by epithelium (trabeculae) and dividing completely the lumen of the oviduct were found in 50% of the oviducts. Epithelial cells projected toward the lumen as large vesicles of cytoplasm, sometimes containing a nucleus. The amount of cells presenting nuclear protrusion varied throughout the oviduct, with highest incidence in the ampulla, decreasing progressively toward the isthmus (P < .05). In addition, nuclear protrusions were higher in number during the anovulatory and luteal phases than in the other reproductive stages (P < .05). These nuclear protruding cells appeared to be extruding from the epithelium and showed no signs of apoptosis based on the histological and fluorescent stains used. The existence of these gland-like structures in the oviductal mucosa should be considered when studying the oviductal physiology in mares.  相似文献   

8.
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a naturally occurring simple phospholipid which in the bovine reproductive system can be produced in the endometrium, corpus luteum, ovarian follicle and embryo. In this study, we examined the possibility that LPA receptors are expressed, and LPA synthesized, in the bovine oviduct. We found that the concentration of LPA was highest in infundibulum in the follicular phase of the oestrous cycle and was relatively high during the early‐luteal phase in all examined parts of the oviduct. We also documented that LPA synthesis engages both available pathways for LPA production. The autotaxin (ATX) protein expression was significantly higher in the infundibulum compared to the isthmus during the follicular phase of the oestrous cycle. During the early‐luteal phase of the oestrous cycle, ATX and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) protein expression was highest in ampulla, although the expression of LPARs was not as dynamic as LPA concentration in the oviduct tissue, and we presume that in the bovine oviduct, the most abundantly expressed receptor is LPAR2. In conclusion, our results indicate that the bovine oviduct is a site of LPA synthesis and a target for LPA action in the bovine reproductive tract. We documented that LPAR2 is the most abundantly expressed in the bovine oviduct. We hypothesize that in the bovine oviduct, LPA may be involved in the transport of gametes, fertilization and cellular signalling between the oviduct and cumulus–oocyte complex.  相似文献   

9.
Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical and produced from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Since NO is recently suggested to be involved in olfactory perception, the expression of eNOS, an isoform of NOS, was examined in the rat olfactory epithelium. The activity of NADPH-diaphorase was also examined as a marker of NOS. In the dorsomedial region of the nasal cavity, intensely positive reactions for NADPH-diaphorase were observed in the entire cytoplasm of sensory cells (olfactory cells). By immunohistochemistry, intensely positive reactions for eNOS were also found in the dorsomedial region of the nasal cavity. These reactions were observed on the free border of the olfactory epithelium. By immunoelectron microscopy, positive reactions for eNOS were found in the cilia of olfactory cells. In addition, in situ hybridization analysis of the olfactory epithelium revealed the expression of eNOS mRNA in the olfactory cells. These results indicate the presence of eNOS in the olfactory cells of the rat, and differential expression of eNOS in the olfactory epithelium depending on the regions of the nasal cavity. In addition, NO produced by eNOS may be involved in olfactory perception in the cilia of olfactory cells.  相似文献   

10.
After fading away of the effect of cloprostenol contained in the Oestrophan inj. Spofa preparation, the qualitative and quantitative changes in the epithelium of oviduct ampulla and isthmus of dairy cows were studied. Three dairy cows in the fourth to fifth day after heat were used as control, three cows with the rectally palpated active corpus luteum were given 0.5 mg cloprostenol i. m. On the eighth day after treatment, samples were taken from ampulla and isthmus by means of necropsy. After histological treatment, the samples were evaluated microscopically. Histological staining with hematoxylin-eosine, PAS reaction and PAS reaction with nucleus staining with Harris hematoxylin were used to describe the occurrence of the so-called pale cells. In accordance with the literary data, these cells are believed to be intraepithelial lymphocytes, the function of which will have to be further researched and determined objectively. On the eighth day after cloprostenol administration or on the fourth to fifth day after ovulation in the ipsilateral ovary, a significant decrease in epithelium thickness close to infundibulum and in the depth of ampulla (P less than 0.001) was observed. The changes in the contralateral left side were not significant. After cloprostenol application, the multiplication of nail-like cells in the right-side oviduct ampulla was statistically significant (P less than 0.05).  相似文献   

11.
The mammalian oviduct provides a favourable environment for several reproductive processes, including ovum transport, sperm capacitation, fertilization and pre-implantation embryonic development. This environment is regulated by cyclic ovarian steroids, that is oestrogen, and growth factors. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) regulate the differentiation and growth of various cell types in the female genital tract. This study aimed to determine the localization of FGF1, FGF2, FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) and 2 (FGFR2) in the rat oviduct, by immunohistochemistry, on day 5 of pregnancy and post-partum days 1, 3 and 5, and to demonstrate the possible functions of these proteins during early pregnancy and the post-partum period. On all examination days, cytoplasmic and nuclear FGF1 immunoreactivity was detected in the epithelium lining the infundibulum, ampulla and isthmus of the oviduct. Immunoreactivity was much stronger in the basal bodies of the cilia on the epithelium lining the infundibulum and ampulla. FGF1 immunoreactivity was also detected in stromal cells, myocytes and endothelial cells. Cytoplasmic FGF2 immunoreactivity was observed in the tunica muscularis, vascular myocytes and endothelial cells. While strong cytoplasmic FGF2 immunoreactions were observed in the stromal cells of the lamina propria, the luminal epithelium, some stromal cells and smooth muscle cells displayed a rather weak FGFR1 and FGFR2 immunoreactivity. Immunoreaction intensity did not differ between the periods examined. This study shows that FGF1, FGF2, FGFR1 and FGFR2 are produced by rat oviduct cells during pregnancy and the post-partum period, and reproductive physiology is regulated not only by hormonal mechanisms, but also by growth factors.  相似文献   

12.
The aim of the present study was to investigate morphological changes and proliferative activities in the epithelium of the canine oviduct with regard to the part of the oviduct – possibly indicating the existence of a locally restricted sperm reservoir – and the stage of the oestrous cycle. Nine healthy adult nulliparous bitches were submitted to ovariohysterectomy at three stages of the cycle: anoestrus (n = 3), late follicular phase (n = 3) and mid‐luteal phase (n = 3). The whole oviduct ranging from the utero‐tubal junction (UTJ) to the infundibulum (IN) was collected, divided into UTJ, IN plus six segments of equal length, i.e. eight oviductal specimens per animal were studied by light microscopy. Morphological characteristics of ovaries and endometrium were recorded macroscopically and verified histologically. The height of oviduct epithelial cells and percentage of ciliated cells (CC) were assessed and the respective data analysed statistically. Proliferative activity was immunohistochemically visualized by means of Ki‐67 antigen detection. Blood was collected and concentrations of oestradiol‐17β and progesterone (P4) were measured. Within the IN and five of the six tissue samples collected from the ampulla and isthmus in anoestrous bitches, the oviductal surface epithelium consisted of low cuboidal cells demonstrating a uniform dark staining intensity. Only a very few scattered lighter staining CC could be detected. Under the influence of oestrogens during late follicular phase, the oviductal epithelium was highly differentiated. Lighter stained CC with apically located nuclei were easily distinguishable from basophilic secretory cells with apical cytoplasmic protrusions. Cell height and percentage of CC were significantly higher than in anoestrus (p ≤ 0.05). During mid‐luteal phase, high levels of P4 were associated with differentiated and dedifferentiated cells as well as cells in regression seen in the mucosal folds of all samples. The percentage of CC and cell height were significantly lower than during late follicular phase (p ≤ 0.05). Further signs of dedifferentiation consisted of a loss of cilia, a pinching off of the apical cytoplasm as well as the presence of debris and macrophages within the oviductal lumen. In the oviductal part of UTJ and the caudal isthmus hormone‐dependent variations in cellular morphology were less distinct. Changes in cell height were minimal and did not differ significantly throughout the oestrous cycle. Hypertrophic cells with large nuclei were predominantly present at these sites, but did not consistently demonstrate signs of ciliation or secretion. Sporadic proliferating activity, visualized by means of Ki‐67 antigen, was mainly seen in some cells of the late follicular phase samples. Thus, overall proliferative activity is generally very low or may occur within a relatively short period of time. It therefore cannot be excluded, that periods exhibiting higher mitotic rates are not included in the present study. It should, however, be mentioned that cells demonstrating morphological signs of apoptosis can only be seen very sporadically within a few specimens during mid‐luteal phase, thus, reflecting low proliferative capacities and minimal cellular turnover found during this study. The results of the present study strongly indicate that oestrogens cause hypertrophy and differentiation, whereas P4 induces gradual dedifferentiation or regression of the oviductal epithelium. Furthermore, they reveal clearly visible changes in the morphology of the tubal epithelium during the oestrous cycle. Depending on the tubal segment, these are, however, variably expressed. Whether the low degree of cellular variation of the UTJ and caudal isthmus is caused by specific hormone concentrations at these sites or specific regulatory mechanisms and may be associated with specific functional properties such as the formation of a locally restricted sperm reservoir needs further investigations.  相似文献   

13.
旨在探究整合素αv在牦牛繁殖周期输卵管不同部位的表达差异,为进一步了解整合素αv在牦牛生殖过程中发挥的作用提供理论依据。本研究采集卵泡期、黄体期和妊娠期健康母牦牛（3~6岁）的输卵管伞部、壶腹部和峡部样品,将卵泡期、黄体期和妊娠期输卵管分别按照伞部、壶腹部和峡部分为9组,采用实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）和蛋白免疫印迹法（Western-blotting,WB）检测整合素αv基因和蛋白的表达情况,运用免疫组织化学法检测整合素αv的定位。结果表明：1）qRT-PCR结果显示,在卵泡期,整合素αv基因在输卵管伞部的表达量最高,极显著高于壶腹部和峡部（P<0.01）;在黄体期,整合素αv基因在输卵管峡部的表达量最高,极显著高于伞部和壶腹部（P<0.01）;在妊娠期,整合素αv基因在输卵管伞部的表达量最高,极显著高于壶腹部和峡部（P<0.01）。2）Western-blotting结果显示,在卵泡期,整合素αv蛋白在输卵管伞部的表达量最高,极显著高于壶腹部和峡部（P<0.01）;在黄体期,整合素αv蛋白在输卵管峡部的表达量最高,极显著高于伞部和壶腹部（P<0.01）;在妊娠期,整合素αv蛋白在输卵管峡部和伞部的表达差异不显著,但二者极显著高于壶腹部（P<0.01）。3）免疫组织化学结果显示,整合素αv主要分布于输卵管伞部、壶腹部和峡部的纤毛细胞、分泌细胞、基细胞、肌层和浆液腺中。结果显示,整合素αv在牦牛繁殖周期输卵管不同部位中的表达存在显著差异,说明其可能参与了牦牛受精及早期胚胎发育等一系列生殖过程,为牦牛的繁殖性能研究提供了基础资料。  相似文献   

14.
The yak (Bos grunniens) is the most important livestock animal in high-altitude regions owing to its prominent adaptability to cold conditions, nutritional deficiencies and hypoxia. The reproductive organs exhibit different histological appearances and physiological processes at different reproductive stages. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is the regulatory subunit of HIF-1 that crucially regulates the response to hypoxia in mammalian organisms. The goal of our study was to investigate the expression and distribution of HIF-1α in the primary yak reproductive organs at different reproductive stages. Samples of the ovary, oviduct and uterus of 15 adult female yaks were collected and used in the experiment. The expression and localization of HIF-1α proteins and mRNA were investigated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The results indicated that the expression of HIF-1α protein in the ovary was higher during the luteal phase than during the follicular phase and gestation period (p < .05). In the oviduct, HIF-1α protein was also more highly expressed during the luteal phase than during the follicular phase and gestation period (p < .01). However, in the uterus, the HIF-1α protein had stronger expression during the gestation period than during the follicular phase (p < .01) and luteal phase (p < .05). The expression of HIF-1α mRNA was similar to that of its protein. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed intense immunostaining of HIF-1α proteins in the follicular granulosa cells, granular luteal cells, villous epithelial cells of the oviduct, endometrial glandular epithelium and luminal epithelium, foetal villous trophoblast, and epithelia of caruncular crypts. This study showed that the expression of HIF-1α in the ovary, oviduct and uterus varies according to the stage of the reproductive cycle. This implies that HIF-1α plays an important role in regulating the stage-specific physiological function of yak reproductive organs under hypoxic environments.  相似文献   

15.
The objective of this study was to explore the expression differences of integrin αv in different parts of the fallopian tube at different reproduction stages of yak, and provide some important theoretical foundations for understanding the effect of integrin αv on the reproductive performance of yak. The samples of the tubal umbrella, ampulla, and isthmus of healthy female yaks (3-6 years old) during follicular, luteal and pregnancy stages were collected, the fallopian tubes of the follicular phase, the luteal phase and the pregnancy phase were divided into 9 groups according to the umbrella, ampulla and isthmus. Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western-blotting (WB) were used to detect the expression of integrin αv gene and protein. The expression of integrin αv protein was localized by immunohistochemistry. Results: 1) qRT-PCR results showed that, during the follicular phase, the expression of the integrin αv gene in the umbrella of the fallopian tube was the highest and extremely significantly higher than those in the ampulla and isthmus (P<0.01). During the luteal phase, the expression of the integrin αv gene in the isthmus of the fallopian tube was the highest and extremely significantly higher than those in the umbrella and ampulla (P<0.01). During the pregnancy phase, the expression of the integrin αv gene in the umbrella of the fallopian tube was the highest and extremely significantly higher than those in the ampulla and isthmus (P<0.01). 2) Western-blotting results showed that, during the follicular phase, the expression of integrin αv protein in the umbrella of the fallopian tube was the highest and extremely significantly higher than those in the ampulla and isthmus (P<0.01). During the luteal phase, the expression of integrin αv protein in the isthmus of the fallopian tube was the highest and extremely significantly higher than those in the umbrella and ampulla (P<0.01). During the pregnancy phase, the expression of integrin αv protein in tubal isthmus and umbrella was not significantly different, but these were extremely significantly higher than that in the ampulla (P<0.01). 3) The results of immunohistochemistry showed that integrin αv protein was positively expressed in ciliated cells, secretory cells, basal cells, muscular layers and serous glands of the fallopian tube umbrella, ampulla and isthmus. The results indicated that the expression of integrin αv in different parts of the fallopian tube at different reproduction stages of the yak were significantly different, which showed that αv might be involved in a series of reproductive processes such as fertilization and early embryonic development, the results provided basic information for the study of yak's reproductive performance.  相似文献   

16.
The potential reproduction power of domestic animals is limited by a complicated follicular atresia process. P53, caspase-9 (Casp9), Bax, Bcl-2 and Fas play a crucial role in the ovarian mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis and death receptor pathway. In accordance with this study, the expression levels of Casp9, Bax, Bcl-2 and Fas were analysed in ovaries and oviducts of yak by immunohistochemistry (IHC). P53 and the above in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) from atretic (3–6 mm) to healthy follicles (6–8 mm) and in oviducts were examined from the luteal phase to the follicular phase during the oestrous circle by Western blot (WB) and real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Results demonstrated that typical classic apoptotic factors Casp9, Bax, Bcl-2 and Fas were expressed in the cytoplasm and zonal pellucida of oocytes, primordial follicles, primary follicles, ovarian surface epithelium, ovarian GCs, granular lutein cells, surface epithelia in oviduct uterotubal junction and oviduct ampulla during the luteal phase. RT-PCR and WB revealed that P53 and Fas significantly increased in GCs of atretic follicles. P53 and Casp9 increased in oviduct epithelium during the luteal phase, but Fas was unchanged. A contrary tendency was noted in Bcl-2 and Bax expression. Overall, P53 and Fas play an essential role in inducing GC apoptosis, and Bax, Bcl-2, Casp9 and P53 are involved in oviduct epithelial regeneration in yak.  相似文献   

17.
The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological changes of the sow endosalpinx and the distribution of leukocytes throughout the oestrous cycle and at anoestrus. Nineteen crossbred sows (Swedish Landrace x Swedish Yorkshire) at late dioestrus (three), prooestrus (three), oestrus (three), early dioestrus (three), dioestrus (three) and anoestrus (four) were used. Oviductal samples from three different parts (isthmus, ampulla and infundibulum), taken immediately after slaughter, were fixed, embedded in plastic resin and stained with toluidine blue or stored in a freezer at -70 degrees C until analysed by immunohistochemistry (prooestrus and anoestrus) with an avidin-biotin peroxidase method. Quantitative and qualitative examinations of oviductal epithelium and subepithelial connective tissue were performed by light microscopy. During all stages, a lower degree of morphological changes (pseudostratification, mitosis and secretory granules) was found in the isthmus compared with ampulla and infundibulum. In ampulla and infundibulum, pseudostratification, mitotic activity and secretory granules of the epithelium were high at prooestrus/oestrus. Cytoplasmic protrusions of epithelial cells with some extruded nuclei were prominent in ampulla and infundibulum at all stages except for oestrus and early dioestrus. Lymphocytes as well as CD2- and CD3-positive cells were the predominant immune cells in the epithelial layer. The numbers of lymphocytes and CD3-positive cells did not differ among segments and stages. Numbers of CD2-positive cells did not differ between prooestrus and anoestrus while the numbers were significantly higher in the infundibulum than in ampulla and isthmus. Neutrophils were only occasionally found and mainly in the infundibulum. In the subepithelial connective tissue layer, the two most commonly observed immune cell types were lymphocytes and plasma cells. The numbers of lymphocytes as well as CD2- and CD3-positive cells was lower in isthmus than in the other segments (p < or = 0.001). Higher numbers of plasma cells (p < or = 0.001) were found in infundibulum than in ampulla and isthmus. The numbers of lymphocytes and plasma cells were not significantly different between stages of the oestrous cycle. However, the number of neutrophils differed and were highest at prooestrus in ampulla and infundibulum. The numbers of CD2-, CD3- and CD79-positive cells did not differ between prooestrus and anoestrus whereas for CD14- and SWC3-positive cells, the numbers were higher at prooestrus (p < or = 0.05) than at anoestrus. In the oviduct, the morphology differed in ampulla and infundibulum with oestrous cycle stages, which indicates an effect by ovarian steroid hormones. The immune cell infiltration was less influenced by cyclic changes. However, the immune cell infiltration (in the connective tissue) in the upper part, especially infundibulum, differed significantly from the one in the lower part, isthmus, indicating different immune functions within various parts of the oviduct.  相似文献   

18.
The objective of this work was to establish for the first time a complete three‐dimensional model of the ovine oviductal mucosa. The oviducts of 15 cyclic ewes were examined combining the direct examination of the mucosa, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histology, with the SEM observation of resin moulds of the oviductal lumen. Around the ostium abdominale, all longitudinal primary folds and wide secondary are seen to form cul‐de‐sacs, with their opening pointing in the ovarian direction were observed. At the connection of the ampulla to the isthmus, there is a sharp change in the morphology, from a high folded structure to a smoother one. In the utero‐tubal junction, the primary folds broaden and become more voluminous, the lumen has a slit‐like appearance, and secondary folds form cul‐de‐sacs with their opening oriented towards the uterus. The areas between the folds throughout the lumen of the oviduct show a high degree of complexity. The presence of crypts was observed in all the regions studied, branched in the ampulla and spiniform in the isthmus. Marked variations were observed in the oviductal epithelium depending on the oviductal segment and the basal or apical areas of the folds. The variations found regarding the phase of the oestrous cycle were similar to those described in studies of other species. The anatomy of the oviductal mucosa provides a complex system that seems to be designed to regulate the movement of fluids and the passage of cells within the oviductal canal.  相似文献   

19.
Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in angiogenesis and in the regulation of the blood flow. This study was carried out to investigate (i) the effects of endogenous estrogens and progestins and exogenous progesterone (P4) (5 ng/ml or 1 μg/ml) or estradiol 17β (E2β) (50 pg/ml or 1 μg/ml) on in vitro endometrial NO synthesis; (ii) the presence of different isoforms of NO synthase; (iii) and their relationship to microvascular density in the equine endometrium during the estrous cycle. NOS expression was also evaluated in the myometrium. Expression of endothelial and inducible forms of NOS in the uterus was assessed by Western blot and immunocytochemistry. Vascular density in endometrial tissue was determined on histologic sections. In the luteal phase, compared to the follicular phase, endometrial NO production increased without exogenous hormones and with exogenous E2β (1 μg/ml). Although immunocytochemistry revealed iNOS and eNOS expression in the endometrium, no positive signal for iNOS was detected by Western blot. Endothelial NOS was observed in endometrial glands, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, blood and lymphatic vessels. Endometrial eNOS expression was the highest in the follicular and mid-luteal phases while it was found to be the lowest in the early luteal phase. In the follicular phase, hyperplasia of endometrial tissue with respect to myometrium was detected. No difference in vascular density was present between phases. All together, NO may play some roles in both proliferative and secretory phases of endometrial development in the mare.  相似文献   

20.
A three-dimensional model has not been clearly established for the porcine oviductal mucosa. The oviducts of 12 cyclic sows were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy to study the structure and nature of the mucosal arrangement of the oviduct. Epithelial cyclic changes were also studied. The oviductal infundibulum is an asymmetric funnel-shaped structure surrounding the ostium, in which a wide and a narrow side can be distinguished. The mucosa is more complex in the narrow side, showing numerous and tortuous longitudinal primary folds, while the mucosa becomes simpler in the wide side. Around the ostium abdominale wide secondary folds form cul-de-sacs, with their opening pointing in ovarian direction. Areas between folds throughout the lumen of the oviduct show a high-degree of complexity. Inter-fold spaces are occupied by a system of irregular grooves and pockets, with the presence of basal crypts in the caudal oviduct. Marked variations were observed in the oviductal epithelium depending on the oviductal segment, basal or apical areas of the folds, and phase of the oestrous cycle. Cyclical changes were observed in the infundibulum and ampulla, so that prominent and numerous ciliated cells lined apical areas of the folds in the follicular phase; whereas secretary cells were predominant throughout all areas of epithelial surface in the luteal phase. The oestrous cycle phase appeared do not affect the epithelial population cells of the caudal segments of the oviduct: ciliated and secretory cells uniformly lined apical and basal areas of the folds. The topography of the oviduct provides a complex system of regulation, which may influence not only the passage of cells, but also movement of fluid within the oviductal canal.  相似文献   

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