共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
以绿鳍马面鲀为研究对象,通过室内受控实验,比较研究了其对我国沿海4种常见大型水母(海蜇、沙海蜇、海月水母和白色霞水母)的捕食差异。结果显示,体重为(215±20)g的绿鳍马面鲀对海月水母的捕食能力最强,日均最大摄食量为(150.7±18.6)g/fish,其次是海蜇和白色霞水母,日均摄食量分别为(129.7±11.6)和(120.0±19.3)g/fish,对沙海蜇的摄食量最少,为(92.5±11.3)g/fish;绿鳍马面鲀对海月水母与海蜇摄食量主要受投喂量影响,与规格无关,当投喂量小于其最大捕食量时,绿鳍马面鲀可捕食其周围所有水母,当投喂量超过其最大摄食量并继续增加时,绿鳍马面鲀摄食量保持不变,但残余水母的触手和伞部边缘均被啃食,继而导致水母摄食能力丧失,难以继续生存;在适口饵料冰鲜玉筋鱼充足的情况下,绿鳍马面鲀对水母具有明显的摄食偏向性,与仅投喂水母实验组相比,其对海月水母和海蜇的日均摄食量仅降低了20.2%和16.9%。研究结果表明,绿鳍马面鲀对上述4种水母皆能捕食。 相似文献
2.
《渔业科学进展》2014,(6)
以绿鳍马面鲀为研究对象,通过室内受控实验,比较研究了其对我国沿海4种常见大型水母(海蜇、沙海蜇、海月水母和白色霞水母)的捕食差异。结果显示,体重为(215±20)g的绿鳍马面鲀对海月水母的捕食能力最强,日均最大摄食量为(150.7±18.6)g/fish,其次是海蜇和白色霞水母,日均摄食量分别为(129.7±11.6)和(120.0±19.3)g/fish,对沙海蜇的摄食量最少,为(92.5±11.3)g/fish;绿鳍马面鲀对海月水母与海蜇摄食量主要受投喂量影响,与规格无关,当投喂量小于其最大捕食量时,绿鳍马面鲀可捕食其周围所有水母,当投喂量超过其最大摄食量并继续增加时,绿鳍马面鲀摄食量保持不变,但残余水母的触手和伞部边缘均被啃食,继而导致水母摄食能力丧失,难以继续生存;在适口饵料冰鲜玉筋鱼充足的情况下,绿鳍马面鲀对水母具有明显的摄食偏向性,与仅投喂水母实验组相比,其对海月水母和海蜇的日均摄食量仅降低了20.2%和16.9%。研究结果表明,绿鳍马面鲀对上述4种水母皆能捕食。 相似文献
3.
依据渔业统计资料和渔业资源监测数据,对海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum)和沙海蜇(Nemopilema nomurai)两种大型食用水母的利用状况进行了分析,并对沙海蜇的年间数量变动趋势进行了研究和评估。结果表明:20世纪80年代中期和90年代末期为海蜇的产量高峰期,1998年产量最高达43×104t,21世纪以来出现持续下降趋势,近年来的年产量在20×104t左右。随着近年来沙海蜇的持续爆发,该种类也成为主要的食用水母。根据近5年的监测结果,沙海蜇的年捕捞产量波动范围(11.03~55.22)×104t,年平均产量28.63×104t,呈现持续增加的趋势;东海区的年产量维持在10×104t左右;黄渤海的年产量持续增加,2013年已达40×104t以上。评估结果显示,2013年中国海域的沙海蜇资源量为266.75×104t。目前,大型食用水母利用的主体已经由海蜇转变为沙海蜇,沙海蜇的利用水平为其资源量的1/5左右,有加大开发利用的潜力。针对海蜇资源衰退和沙海蜇资源量较大的现实,今后应该继续加强海蜇的增殖放流工作,加大捕捞外海沙海蜇的强度,继续加强食用水母的资源监测工作。 相似文献
4.
辽宁沿海海蜇与沙海蜇遗传多样性的AFLP分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海蜇和沙海蛰均为腔肠动物门的大型食用水母,采用AFLP分子标记技术对辽宁沿海的海蜇野生群体、养殖群体和沙海蜇野生群体共90个个体进行了遗传多样性分析.10对引物共得到560个稳定扩增位点.3个群体的多态性位点比例为海蜇野生群体82.05%.海蜇养殖群体78.46%,沙海蜇野生群体74.10%;平均杂合度分别为0.2072,0.1850和0.2116,Shannon多样性指数分别为0.3248、0.2954和0.3262,海蜇野生群体与海蜇养殖群体和沙海蜇野生群体的遗传距离分别为0.0300和0.2702.分析结果表明,3个群体的遗传多样性均保持了相对较高的水平. 相似文献
5.
为了解双频识别声纳(DIDSON)在近海海域大型水母沙海蜇(Nemopilema nomurai)监测中的效果, 本研究于 2017 年 7 月、8 月通过 DIDSON 的走航观测对辽东湾近海伞径 16~81 cm (7 月份平均伞径 33.01 cm±13.17 cm, 8 月份平均伞径 57.03 cm±13.44 cm)的大型水母沙海蜇开展丰度和垂直分布的监测调查, 并同步结合传统网具调查, 以验证和比对 DIDSON 观测在大型水母沙海蜇监测中的效果。调查结果显示: DIDSON 观测影像可直观显示沙海蜇的数量及其在水层中的位置。7 月份 3 个调查断面声纳观测的沙海蜇丰度分别是 6.13 ind/1000 m3、6.71 ind/1000 m3、 7.93 ind/1000 m3, 平均丰度为(6.92±0.75) ind/1000 m3。8 月份 3 个调查断面声纳观测的沙海蜇丰度分别是 1.41 ind/1000 m3、 1.23 ind/1000 m3、0.55 ind/1000 m3,平均丰度为(1.07±0.37) ind/1000 m3。比对锚流网调查沙海蜇的丰度, 7 月份和 8 月份 DIDSON 监测的沙海蜇平均丰度分别是网具调查的 4.89 倍和 3.95 倍。声纳观测影像显示沙海蜇主要栖息在调查海域中上层水域(1.1~10 m), 底层水域沙海蜇出现的少。比起传统的网具调查, DIDSON 更加精准的监测调查到调查海区沙海蜇的丰度, 并观测到沙海蜇的垂直分布, 证明双频识别声纳可以适用于浅海大型水母沙海蜇的监测调查工作。研究结果表明, DIDSON 观测可以扩展大型水母沙海蜇监测的内容, 在对其行为学的观测上具有较大的优势。通过延长 DIDSON 走航式观测时间, 扩大 DIDSON 探测范围, 并结合传统网具, 可以更加精准的开展沙海蜇数量的监测。 相似文献
6.
许氏平鲉仔、稚鱼的摄食特性及幼鱼胃排空率 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为阐明人工育苗条件下许氏平鲉早期发育阶段的摄食特性及变化规律,采用实验生态学方法,对人工育苗条件下许氏平鲉仔、稚鱼摄食特性及不同生长阶段幼鱼的胃排空率进行了研究。结果显示,许氏平鲉仔、稚鱼已具有较强的摄食能力,前期仔鱼(2日龄)昼夜摄食高峰出现于16:00;后期仔鱼(15日龄)与稚鱼(25日龄)的摄食高峰均出现在16:00—20:00,表现为白天摄食类型。许氏平鲉仔、稚鱼各阶段的日摄食率分别为42.26%(2日龄)、16.25%(15日龄)和13.07%(25日龄),可将其作为许氏平鲉早期发育阶段日投喂量的参考标准。在水温(22±0.5)°C条件下,摄食人工配合饵料的不同规格许氏平鲉幼鱼(平均体质量1.78和8.52 g)表现出明显不同的胃排空特征。采用线性模型、指数模型、平方根模型和Logistic模型均能较好地拟合实验幼鱼的胃排空数据。以R2、RSS、SDR为标准进一步比较,结果显示,体质量1.78和8.52 g幼鱼胃排空最佳拟合模型分别为线性模型和Logistic模型,其胃排空率分别为0.007和0.047 g/h,根据其胃排空特征以及投喂频率对幼鱼生长离散的影响等,建议将饱食投喂2~3次/d作为60~90日龄幼鱼的适宜投喂频率。 相似文献
7.
大型水母（沙海蛰、海月水母）暴发作为海洋生态灾害现象,已经引起国际上高度关注。大型水母暴发对海水浴场、滨海电厂的安全运行、海洋渔业造成严重危害。2013年7-8月对秦皇岛近海大型水母进行调查,发现大型水母种类主要为海月水母、沙海蛰、海蜇;随着气温升高,密度急剧增加,沙海蜇密度达到3×104 inds/km2、最大伞径达100 cm ;海月水母密度达到1500×104 inds/km2、最大直径30 cm ,较大密度区域与沙海蜇高度重合;而海蜇数量极少,仅在个别航次监测到零星个体。通过研究分析,造成秦皇岛大型水母暴发的原因主要有温室效应导致的海水温度上升、特殊的地理和海洋生态环境提供适合水母生长繁殖的空间、螅状体集体萌发、随外海洋流漂移。针对现状以及造成的危害,我们认为应加强秦皇岛海域大型水母发生规律的基础研究,积极开展沙海蜇食用和药用价值研究开发利用,加强应急处置措施（各部门建立联动机制、科普宣传、增设防护网具、完善蛰伤救助措施）。 相似文献
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9.
为查明许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)仔、稚鱼消化酶活性随日龄的变化过程,探讨消化酶的发育特性与饥饿的影响,以其初产仔鱼为研究对象,设置6个实验组,分别在1、2、3、4、5 d时开始初次投喂(即C、D1、D2、D3和D4组)和完全不投喂(S组)。结果显示,仔鱼前期的许氏平鲉消化酶的比活力波动较大,进入仔鱼后期(22 d后),消化酶比活力逐渐稳定;而总活力在仔、稚鱼阶段均不高,变化不显著,进入稚鱼后期后(26 d后)随日龄显著升高;存活的各实验组仔、稚鱼消化酶活力在相同日龄时差异并不显著,但由于前期的饥饿,实验结束时D2、D3组仔稚鱼的全长、体重和特定生长率均显著低于C、D1组。结果表明,延迟投喂时间对许氏平鲉的生长发育有显著影响,而且这种影响在生长后期很难恢复。 相似文献
10.
为研究环境与摄食因素对人工鱼礁区不同体长许氏平鲉分布的影响,采用2017—2018年山东省近岸3处鱼礁区环境和渔业资源的调查数据,利用变异系数CV均值将样本的体长分为10组,每组体长间隔为33 mm,并使用Bray-Curtis相似性指数比较不同海域许氏平鲉体长组成的相似性;运用去趋势对应分析(DCA)、典范对应分析(CCA)分析各环境要素对不同体长组许氏平鲉分布的影响;运用胃含物分析法分析许氏平鲉的食物组成。结果显示,西霞口与长岛鱼礁区样本体长组成相似性指数为70.66%,前三岛鱼礁区与西霞口鱼礁区、长岛鱼礁区的相似性指数较低,分别为54.94%和59.46%;大体长(299～365mm)许氏平鲉的分布与水深、水质指数(WQI)和化学需氧量(COD)相关性较大,喜好水深较深、营养丰富的水域;小体长(35～200 mm)许氏平鲉喜好水深较浅,水质好的水域。大体长(200～365 mm),高龄(2～3龄)的个体主要摄食鱼类、虾类和蟹类,优势饵料为鱼类(IRI为65.94%);小体长(35～200 mm),低龄(0～1龄)的个体主要摄食虾类和蟹类,优势饵料为虾类(IRI为45.69%)。研究表明,在浅水区域投放幼鱼保护型鱼礁,为幼鱼提供庇护所;将捕捞作业集中在深水区,减少对许氏平鲉小体长个体的兼捕,可以达到针对性增殖、保护许氏平鲉资源的目的。 相似文献
11.
Predation on fish larvae by moon jellyfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aurelia aurita</Emphasis> under low dissolved oxygen concentrations 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ABSTRACT: Laboratory experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that low dissolved oxygen concentrations have the potential to enhance the predation rate on fish larvae by moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita which is increasing in abundance in the coastal waters of Japan. Larvae of the red sea bream Pagrus major in four size classes (2.9, 4.1, 6.2 and 8.6 mm in standard length) were used as prey in a short-term predation experiment. No change in the bell contraction rate of the jellyfish (mean bell diameter, 100.4 ± 10.2 mm) was observed at the oxygen concentrations tested (1, 2 and 4 mg/L, and air-saturated, 5.5–6.0 mg/L), suggesting a strong tolerance to a decline in the oxygen concentration. More than 80% of the 2.5 and 4.1-mm size-class larvae were predated on by the jellyfish at all oxygen concentrations during the 15-min trials in 10-L tanks. The 6.2 and 8.6-mm size-class larvae were able to escape from the jellyfish apparently due to their developed swimming ability at the two higher dissolved oxygen concentrations. There was an increase in predation on larvae of these two size classes at the two lower dissolved oxygen concentrations. Predation by moon jellyfish on fish larvae can be more intense at low dissolved oxygen concentrations that commonly occur in the coastal waters of Japan. 相似文献
12.
河北沿海自2008年起水母数量逐年增加,严重影响渔业生产、破坏近岸旅游业。2012年对河北沿海大型水母进行调查,设置了34个站位,对大型水母生物量和种类、海洋理化因子、浮游动物数量变动及分布进行调查。调查发现大型水母种类4种,其中沙海蛰生物量最大,其次是海月水母,海蛰、霞水母生物量最低。沙海蜇数量均较去年增多,秦皇岛沿海、渤海湾沧州沿海,滦河口数量最高,达到了15~75t/km2;其次是渤海湾,为7.6~15t/km2;最低的为0.5~1.5t/km2。近岸海区营养盐含量较远海高,营养盐含量高的地区水母数量居多,说明水体富营养化在一定程度上导致水母数量增长。浮游植物数量、浮游动物数量与水母分布图分析发现,水母数量较多浮游动植物数量均较少,说明水母和浮游生物量在空间分布上可能具有一定的负相关关系。 相似文献
13.
在面积6.7 hm^2,水深1.5～2.0 m的池塘中进行海蜇—中国明对虾—缢蛏—褐牙鲆综合养殖,在4—9月养殖周期内,采用碳氮稳定同位素法和IsoSource线性混合模型计算各种饵料对海蜇、中国明对虾、缢蛏和褐牙鲆的平均饵料贡献率,以探讨综合养殖池溏的营养级和池塘食物网结构。试验结果表明,海蜇的主要食物来源为投喂的轮虫;中国明对虾的食物来源为鳀鱼、虾夷扇贝下脚料和蜢虾;缢蛏的主要食物来源为底栖硅藻,其次为中国明对虾与褐牙鲆粪便;褐牙鲆的主要食物来源为中国明对虾,其次为虾夷扇贝下脚料和鳀鱼。海蜇的营养级为2.09～3.43,平均值为2.81;中国明对虾的营养级为3.11～4.04,平均值为3.72;缢蛏的营养级为2.37～2.94,平均值为2.62;褐牙鲆的营养级为2.63～3.83,平均值为3.42。综合分析发现,海蜇摄食浮游动物,缢蛏滤食底栖硅藻,中国明对虾和褐牙鲆摄食投喂的虾夷扇贝下脚料和鳀鱼,褐牙鲆也摄食部分中国明对虾,两者的粪便不仅为浮游单胞藻和底栖硅藻生长提供营养,还为缢蛏提供了饵料。上述研究结果为多品种海水综合养殖池塘的生态健康养殖提供科学依据。 相似文献
14.
Size-dependent predation on marine fish larvae by Ctenophores, Scyphomedusae, and Planktivorous fish 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Size-dependent predation rates on marine fish larvae by the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi , scyphomedusa Chrysaora quinquecirrha , and planktivorous fish Anchoa mitchilli were estimated via experiments in 3.2 m3 me-socosms. Predation rates on larvae of the goby Gobio-soma bosci were estimated in relation to 1) length of larval prey, 2) presence or absence of alternative < 1 mm zooplankton prey, and 3) a predator-prey interaction between the scyphomedusa and ctenophore. The consumption rate of larvae by the three predators generally declined as larval length increased. The ctenophore ate fewer (1.0 d-1 per predator) larvae than did the medusa (7.8 d -1 per predator) or bay anchovy (4.0 d -1 per predator), but it consumed larvae in all size classes tested (3.0–9.5 mm SL). Predation by bay anchovy and the medusa was more size-dependent: 3.0–5.0 mm larvae were most vulnerable. Fewer larvae were eaten by the ctenophore and bay anchovy when zooplankton alternative prey was available, but predation on larvae by the medusa was not influenced by alternative zooplankton prey. Consumption rate of fish larvae by the medusa was reduced 20–25% when the ctenophore was present as its alternative prey. An encounter-rate model was developed and its parameters estimated from the experimental results. Model simulations indicated that the relationship between larval size and vulnerability is dependent on size, swimming speed, and behavior of both predators and larvae, and that bigger or faster-growing fish larvae are not always less vulnerable to predation. 相似文献
15.
ABSTRACT: Juveniles of carangid fishes including jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus are known to associate with jellyfishes. The function of this association behavior was studied through rearing experiments and underwater visual observations. Association behavior of jack mackerel with moon jellyfish in experimental tanks was more frequent in the presence compared to the absence of predators (chub mackerel Scomber japonicus ). In the experimental tanks, the presence of jellyfish, however, did not mitigate predation by these predators. Although jack mackerel did not feed on the jellyfish itself, they frequently fed on the captured prey ( Artemia nauplii) whilst in the gut cavity of the jellyfish. Underwater observations of giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai off Kyoto and Fukui prefectures revealed that approximately 30% of these jellyfish were accompanied by jack mackerel juveniles with body sizes ranging 10–45 mm standard length (SL). Considering that jack mackerel juveniles found in subtidal rocky reefs ranged 40–120 mm SL, we considered that jack mackerel from 10 to 45 mm SL associate with jellyfish as a hiding place as well as a food collector, until they find a suitable reef habitat when they attain approximately 40 mm SL. 相似文献
16.
根据2005～2007年6月上旬和7月上旬在辽东湾海蜇放流区进行的大型水母调查及同期进行的浮游生物调查数据,分析了该区域大型水母及浮游动物的数量分布特点以及海区中浮游动物的生态类型和优势种,并且试图寻找浮游动物的数量分布与大型水母的数量分布的关系。结果表明,浮游动物的优势种为小型桡足类及桡足类幼体:双刺纺锤水蚤Acartia bifilosa、小拟哲水蚤Pa-racalanus parvus、强额拟哲水蚤Paracalanus crassirostris、桡足类幼体、无节幼体。大型水母主要有:海蜇Rhopilema esculentum、沙蜇Nemopilema nomurai、白色霞水母Cyanea nozakii。大型水母的高密集区往往位于浮游动物高丰度区的附近。 相似文献
17.
本研究选取乌鳢(Channa argus)和南方大口鲶(Silurus soldatovi meridionalis)为捕食者,青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)幼鱼为猎物鱼,比较了在无捕食(空白对照)、低捕食(隔网胁迫)和高捕食(直接胁迫)压力下,胁迫0、7、14 d后,“四大家鱼”幼鱼血清皮质醇(COR)水平和血液生化指标的变化。结果显示,不同捕食胁迫水平下,“四大家鱼”幼鱼的血液生化指标和COR水平变化程度不同,但变化趋势一致。“四大家鱼”幼鱼的COR水平随着捕食胁迫程度和胁迫时长的增加显著升高,表现为无捕食组<低捕食组<高捕食组,0 d<7 d<14 d。在血液生化指标中,血清蛋白浓度和总胆固醇(CHO)浓度较为稳定,各组相比无显著变化;血糖(GLU)浓度和碱性磷酸酶(ALK)在捕食胁迫下升高,甘油三酯(TG)则相反,呈下降趋势。研究表明,“四大家鱼”幼鱼会根据捕食风险来增强自身生存能力的方式及调整生理反应。捕食胁迫处理后,“四大家鱼”幼鱼均产生了应激反应,与隔网捕食相比,直接捕食对鱼体生理反应影响更为显著,且随着胁迫时长的增加应激程度也随之增加。各检测指标中,血清蛋白和CHO可能不是捕食胁迫下鱼类应激的敏感指标;COR和GLU的变化最为显著,这可能是为了弥补应激期间机体对能量需求的增大。 相似文献
18.
Laboratory and field investigations were conducted to study the food habit of Chinese perch Siniperca chuatsi (Basilewsky) from first feeding through adult stage. Only fish larvae were consumed by Chinese perch larvae (2–21 days from hatching), and the presence of zooplankton did not have any significant effect on their survival rate. The ability of Chinese perch to feed on zooplankton is clearly limited by some innate factor. Instead of gill rakers, Chinese perch larvae have well‐developed sharp teeth at the first feeding stage, and are well adapted to the piscivorous feeding habit unique to the larvae of Chinese perch, e.g. they bite and ingest the tails of other fish larvae. At the first feeding stage (2 days from hatching), daily rations were both very low, either in light or complete darkness. Although early‐staged Chinese perch larvae (7–17 days from hatching) could feed in complete darkness, their daily rations were always significantly higher in light than in complete darkness. Late‐staged Chinese perch larvae (21 days from hatching) were able to feed in complete darkness as well as in light, similar to the case of Chinese perch yearlings. Chinese perch yearlings (total length, 14–16 cm) consumed prey fish only and refused shrimp when visual cues were available (in light), but they consumed both prey when visual cues were not available (in complete darkness), suggesting that prey consumption by Chinese perch yearlings is affected by their sensory modality in predation. Both prey were found in the stomachs of similar‐sized Chinese perch (total length, 14–32 cm) from their natural habitat, suggesting that shrimp are consumed by Chinese perch at night. Prey selection of Chinese perch with a length >38 cm, which consumed only fish in the field, appears to be based upon prey size instead of prey type. These results suggest that although environmental factors (e.g. light intensity) affect prey detection by Chinese perch, this fish is anatomically and behaviourally predisposed to prey on live fish from first feeding. This makes it a difficult fish to cultivate using conventional feeds. 相似文献