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1.
基于寡核苷酸探针套painting的染色体鉴定技术简单、经济和高效, 可以促进小麦品种及亲缘物种染色体识别和变异体鉴定, 提高染色体工程效率。我们前期开发了寡核苷酸探针套, 包含pAs1-1、pAs1-3、AFA-4、(GAA)10和pSc119.2-1共5个探针。本研究通过一次荧光原位杂交(FISH), 对源于17个非整倍体的18份材料分析发现, 其中14个染色体组成正确, 可以清晰识别相应的缺体、四体和端体。还构建了基于寡核苷酸探针套涂染的、能准确识别3个基因组和7个部分同源群染色体的高清核型, 发现4个非整倍体发生变异, 其中从N5BT5D中鉴定出一个可能的小片段相互易位系T6AS·6AL-6DL和T6DS·6DL-6AL。进一步对7个地方品种、10个栽培品种(系)和1个人工合成小麦分析, 发现15条染色体存在多态性, 涉及6条B组(除4B)、5条A组(除1A和3A)和4条D组(1D、2D、4D和7D)染色体, 可以清晰识别我国小麦生产上广泛应用的3种易位类型(T1RS·1BL、T6VS·6AL及相互易位T1RS·7DL和T7DS·1BL), 省去了基因组原位杂交(GISH)程序。另外, 对5个亲缘物种分析发现, 该探针套可以识别栽培一粒小麦、硬粒小麦Langdon、荆州黑麦、长穗偃麦草(2n=2x=14)全部和中间偃麦草30条染色体, 并构建了这5个物种的核型。本研究结果证实该寡核苷酸探针套可以有效用于小麦及亲缘物种染色体鉴定, 高清晰的中国春非整倍体核型为小麦染色体工程提供了参考标准。 相似文献
2.
Summary C-banding andin situ hybridization were used to determine the chromosomal constitution of the greenbug-resistant germplasm GRS 1204. The results showed that this line had the radiation-induced non-homoeologous wheat-rye translocation chromosomes T2AS-1RS·1RL and T2AL·2AS-1RS. C-banding analysis further revealed the presence of a wheat-Agropyron elongatum translocation chromosome T1BL·1BS-3Ae#1L in line GRS 1204, that was derived from Teewon. The greenbug resistance of line GRS 1204 is similar to that of line GRS 1201 that was earlier shown to have the greenbug resistance geneGb6 located on the 1RS arm of the wheat-rye translocation chromosome T1AL·1RS. BecauseGb6 in line GRS 1204 is present on one of the non-homoeologous translocation chromosomes, agronomically line GRS 1201 should be the better adapted source ofGb6 resistance and be used in cultivar improvement. 相似文献
3.
Detection of H. villosa chromosomes in telosomic addition and translocation lines of common wheat was undertaken using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), C-banding techniques and polyacrylamide gels electrophoresis. The result of GISH on mitotic metaphase
cells of the addition line `95039' indicated that the added telochromosomes originated from H. villosa, and it was probably 6VS or 7Vs of H. villosa according to the C-banding pattern. Furthermore, the analysis of gliadin profiles demonstrated that the telochromosome was
6VS. A pair of 1RS/1BL translocation chromosome was also found in `95039'. In addition, mitotic GISH analysis showed that
the 6VS/6AL translocation chromosome remained unchanged after being transferred into new wheat background.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
Z.Y. Xin Z.Y. Zhang X. Chen Z.S. Lin Y.Z. Ma H.J. Xu P.M. Banks P.J. Larkin 《Euphytica》2001,119(1-2):163-167
We developed some wheat-Th. intermedium translocation lines,Yw642, Yw443 and Yw243, etc., showing good BYDV resistance from L1by induced homoeologous pairing using CS ph mutant. Characterization ofthese wheat lines was carried out by GISH and RFLP analysis. The resultsof GISH showed that the lines, YWw42, Yw443 and Yw243, etc., arehomozygous wheat-Th. intermedium translocation lines, in which thechromosome segments of Th. intermedium were transferred to thedistal end of a pair of wheat chromosomes. RFLP analysis indicated that thetranslocation chromosome of the wheat lines is T7DS · 7DL-7XL. Thebreakpoint of the translocation is located on the distal end of 7DL, betweenXpsr965 and Xpsr680 about 90–99 cm from the centromere. The BYDVgene is located on the distal end of 7XL around Xpsr680, Xpsr687 andXwg380. The RFLP markers of psr680, psr687 and wg380 werecosegregated with the BYDV resistance respectively and could be used formolecular assisted selection (MAS) in wheat breeding program for BYDVresistance. 相似文献
5.
Previous studies showed that a T. aestivum-H. villosa disomic substitution line DS4V(4D) showed a high level of resistance to wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV). By crossing
DS4V(4D) with the common wheat variety Yangmai #5, plants were obtained that were double monosomic for chromosomes 4V and
4D. Univalents are prone to misdivision at the centromere, and fusion of the derived telocentric chromosomes leads to the
production of Robertsonian whole-arm translocations. We screened the progenies of such double monosomic plants by C-banding
and genomic in situ hybridization and identified one compensating translocation where the short arm of 4V was translocated to the long arm of
4D of wheat, T4VS⋅4DL. RFLP analysis using the group-4 specific probe BCD110 was used to confirm the translocation. The T4VS⋅4DL
translocation stock, accessioned as NAU413, is highly resistant to WSSMV and is also of good agronomic type. The WSSMV resistance
gene located on 4VS was designated Wss1. 相似文献
6.
Zu-Jun Yang Guang-Rong Li Ju-Qing Jia Xue Zeng Meng-Ping Lei Zi-Xian Zeng Tao Zhang Zheng-Long Ren 《Euphytica》2009,167(2):197-202
Two amphiploids, AF-1(Triticum aestivum L. cv. Anyuepaideng–Secale africanum Stapf.) and BF-1 (T. turgidum ssp. carthlicum–S. africanum), were evaluated by chromosomal banding and in situ hybridization. The individual S. africanum chromosomes were identified in the BF-1 background by sequential C-banding and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and
were distinguishable from those of S. cereale, because they exhibited less terminal heterochromatin. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using the tandem repeat
pSc250 as a probe indicated that only 6Ra of S. africanum contained a significant hybrid signal, whereas S. cereale displayed strong hybridization at the telomeres or subtelomeres in all seven pairs of chromosomes. Extensive wheat–S. africanum non-Robertsonian translocations were observed in both AF-1 and BF-1 plants, suggesting a frequent occurrence of chromosomal
recombination between wheat and S. africanum. Moreover, introgression lines selected from the progeny of wheat/AF-1 crosses were resistant when field tested with widely
virulent strains of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Three highly resistant lines were selected. GISH and C-banding revealed that resistant line L9-15 carried a pair of 1BL.1RS
translocated chromosomes. This new type of S. africanum derived wheat–Secale translocation line with resistance to Yr9-virulent strains will broaden the genetic diversity of 1BL.1RS for wheat breeding. 相似文献
7.
Summary A leaf rust resistant wheat-rye translocation stock, ST-1, introduced from Japan, comprised distinct morphological types. One type possessed a T1BL·1RS chromosome with genes Lr26, Yr9 and Sr31. A second type carried a new gene, Lr45, located in a large segment of rye chromosome translocated to wheat chromosome 2A. Its structure was identified as T2AS-2RS·2RL. Despite the homoeology of the 2A and 2R chromosomes and the high level of compensation provided by the translocation, Lr45 was not normally inherited and is probably associated with agronomic deficiencies that will prevent its exploitation in agriculture.Contribution No. 94-509-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA. 相似文献
8.
Summary A Giemsa-C-banded karyotype of a partial amphiploid, Triticum turgidum L. var. durum cv. Nodak × Agropyron intermedium (Host) P.B., called MT-2, was analyzed. MT-2 is a winterhardy grasslike octoploid germplasm which survived 5 winters in Montana, and its seed weight is 3 times that of A. intermedium seed. The MT-2 C-banding karyotype shows 6 chromosome pairs each of the A and B wheat genomes with 3A and 4B missing. Chromosomes 1B and 2B are involved in a reciprocal homozygous translocation (T1BS·2BS, T1BL·2BL) which was also confirmed by a nucleolus-associated quadrivalent in an MT-2 × durum wheat backcross. In addition to the wheat chromosomes, MT-2 consistently shows 16 A. intermedium chromosome pairs which are designated from A to P. These chromosomes show C-banding patterns similar to those reported earlier in the literature. A large amount of C-banding polymorphism and structural rearrangements in A. intermedium itself presently make a definite chromosome assignment to the homeologous groups of the Triticeae difficult. The data presented are crucial for further directed manipulation of this germplasm aimed at producing valuable chromosome additions and substitutions in wheat.contribution No. J-2767 from Montana Agric. Exp. Stn. 相似文献
9.
An interspecific cross was made to transfer leaf rust and stripe rust resistance from an accession of Aegilops ovata (UUMM) to susceptible Triticum aestivum (AABBDD) cv. WL711. The F1was backcrossed to the recurrent wheat parent, and after two to three backcrosses and selfing, rust resistant progenies were
selected. The C-banding study in a uniformly leaf rust and stripe rust resistant derivative showed a substitution of the 5M
chromosome of Ae. ovata for 5D of wheat. Analysis of rust resistant derivatives with mapped wheat microsatellite makers confirmed the substitution
of 5M for 5D. Some of these derivatives also possessed one or more of the three alien translocations involving 1BL, 2AL and
5BS wheat chromosomes which could not be detected through C-banding. A translocation involving 5DSof wheat and the substituted
chromosome 5M of Ae. ovata was also observed in one of the derivatives. Susceptibility of this derivative to leaf rust showed that the leaf rust resistance
gene(s) is/are located on short arm of 5M chromosome of Ae. ovata. Though the Ae. ovatasegment translocated to 1BL and 2AL did not seem to possess any rust resistance gene, the alien segment translocated to 5BS
may also possess gene(s) for rust resistance. The study demonstrated the usefulness of microsatellite markers in characterisation
of interspecific derivatives.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
J. G. Th. Hermsen 《Euphytica》1978,27(1):13-17
Summary Self-compatible (sc) plants from an I1 of the sc dihaploid G254 and from the reciprocal F1's of crosses between G254 and another sc dihaploid, B16, were crossed with the self-incompatible (si) dihaploid G609. The 34 progenies thus obtained were tested for self-compatibility. Only 2 progenies consisted merely of sc plants, the remaining ones showing a homogeneous series of 1 : 1 ratios. It is concluded that homozygosity for the S-bearing translocation mostly leads to lethality. Evidence is presented, that lethality takes place in the very early stages of the embryo and endosperm development. On the basis of the results the expected sc : si ratios in G254 × B16 and reciprocal are calculated to be 3.3 : 1. This ratio was found indeed in our experiments. These findings support the hypothesis put forward in earlier publications in this series, that self-compatibility in G254 and B16 is based on the presence of an S-bearing translocation. 相似文献
11.
The wild non-tuberous species Solanumetuberosum is resistant to biotic andabiotic stresses, but is very difficult tocross with cultivated potato. Therefore,interspecific somatic hybrids between adihaploid clone of potato S.tuberosum (2n=2x=24, AA genome) and thediploid species S. etuberosum(2n=2x=24, EE genome) were produced byprotoplast fusion. Among the 7 fertilefusion hybrids analysed by genomic insitu hybridisation (GISH), three groups ofplants were found with the genomicconstitution of AAEE, AAEEEE and AAAAEE.Four fusion hybrids had exactly theexpected chromosome composition, while eachof the three aneuploid hybrids had lost twochromosomes of S. etuberosum. Twobackcross progenies were developed, andGISH analysis was applied to analysetransmission of the parental chromosomesinto the sexual generations. BC1hybrids derived from the crosses of thehexaploid somatic hybrids with tetraploidpotato were pentaploid with thetheoretically expected genomic compositionor with slight deviation from thisexpectation. In the three BC2 hybridsanalysed by GISH seven to 12 chromosomes ofS. etuberosum were detected in thepredominant S. tuberosum background.No recombinant chromosomes in the hybridswere detected. Genome dosage affects tuberformation in hybrids and their progenies,but has less effect on resistance to potatovirus Y (PVY) in fusion hybrids. Severalgenotypes of the fusion hybrids andBC1 progeny did not show viralinfection even in the graftingexperiments. 相似文献
12.
Wheat-barley translocations were identified by genomicin situ hybridization (GISH) in backcross progenies originating from in vitro regenerated wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring) × barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Betzes) hybrids. The regenerated hybrids were pollinated with the wheat line Martonvásári 9 kr1. Five translocated
wheat-barley chromosomes were recovered among 51 BC2F2 progeny from the in vitro regenerated wheat × barley hybrids. All were single breakpoint translocations with the relative positions of the breakpoints
ranging from the centromere to about 0.8 of the relative arm length. Of the four translocations with intercalary breakpoints,
three were transfers of terminal barley segments to wheat chromosomes; one was a transfer of a terminal wheat segment to a
barley chromosome. Because of the absence of diagnostic N-bands, the identity of three barley segments could not be determined;
in one translocation the barley chromosome involved had a NOR so it must have been 5H or 6H, and the centric translocation
was 4HS.2BL. Following selfing, homozygotes of four translocations were selected. The experiment suggests that in vitro culture conditions are conducive for major genome rearrangements in wheat-barley hybrids.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
一个花粉辐射诱导的小麦-簇毛麦相互易位染色体系的分子细胞遗传学研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用60Co-γ-射线处理小麦-簇毛麦6V单体添加系花粉，并给中国春授粉，在一个M1单株减数分裂中期Ⅰ检测到一个由2条小麦-簇毛麦易位染色体和一条完整小麦染色体构成的三价体，说明参与易位的2个小麦片段均来自同一条小麦染色体，推测两条易位染色体由相互易位产生。将其中涉及外源大片段的易位染色体称为外源大片段易位（large alien segment translocation, LAST），涉及外源小片段的称为外源小片段易位(small alien segment translocation, SAST)。对后代中两个易位染色体均纯合的植株（LAST’’+SAST’’, 2n = 44）进行顺次C-分带和GISH研究，结果表明外源大片段易位染色体为T7BS-6VS•6VL，外源小片段易位染色体为T6VS-7BS•7BL，易位断点分别位于7B染色体短臂约FL0.60处及6V染色体短臂约FL0.70处。在M2代群体中检测到7种染色体组成类型，比例为3(LAST’’+SAST’’)∶20(LAST’+SAST’)∶2(LAST’’+SAST’)∶1(LAST’+SAST’’)∶1LAST’∶2SAST’∶22(0型)，其中外源大片段和外源小片段易位染色体往往相伴出现。抗病鉴定结果显示抗白粉病基因位于外源大片段易位染色体T7BS-6VS•6VL上。对LAST’+SAST’型（2n = 43）M2代单株花粉母细胞减数分裂的GISH研究结果显示，88.5%的后期Ｉ或末期Ｉ细胞中出现T6VS-7BS•7BL和T7BS-6VS•6VL的共分离。此外，在个别后期Ｉ细胞中观察到外源大片段易位染色体T7BS-6VS•6VL发生落后和着丝粒断裂现象，并在LAST’型单株（2n =42）的自交后代中筛选到一个通过着丝粒断裂-融合产生的外源小片段插入易位T7BL•6VS-7BS，这为利用外源大片段易位进一步创制携带抗病基因的小片段插入易位提供了新的思路。还分别获得了T7BS-6VS•6VL和T6VS-7BS•7BL的纯合易位系。 相似文献
14.
A disease (powdery mildew, leaf rust) resistant line was selected from the progenies of a Triticum aestivum × Triticum timopheevii amphiploid produced at Martonvásár. This line was previously identified with C-banding as a 6G(6B) substitution. In order
to detect the 6G chromosome in a wheat background, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and microsatellite marker analysis
were used. Ten microsatellite markers of the 43 tested generated PCR products that were polymorphic between chromosomes 6B
and 6G, and four showed length-polymorphism. The FISH hybridization pattern of 6G from T. timopheevii was identified using a combination of four repetitive DNA probes (Afa-family, pSc119.2, pTa71, (GAA)7). Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) technique, capable of labelling the At and G genomes separately, was used on the same slides to differentiate the At and G genomes in T. timopheevii. The At and G genomes of T. timopheevii were grouped on the basis of the GISH patterns and a cyclic intergenomic translocation involving 6At-1G-4G was detected in T. timopheevii accession TRI667. The presence of 6G in the substitution line was demonstrated using FISH with the four repetitive DNA probes.
Chromosome 6G was clearly identified and its FISH pattern was different from that of 6B in the parental wheat cultivar Fleischmann-481.
According to field tests, the 6G(6B) substitution line has resistance to leaf rust. 相似文献
15.
大赖草7Lr#1S染色体上携带赤霉病抗性基因,将其导入普通小麦有助于增加赤霉病抗源多样性和选育抗赤霉病品种。利用染色体C-分带、荧光原位杂交和分子标记技术从普通小麦–大赖草7Lr#1单体异附加系的花粉辐射后代中,选育出易位系T7BS·7Lr#1S (NAU639)和T2AS·2AL-7Lr#1S (NAU640)。经连续3年大田、温室赤霉病接种鉴定,这2个易位系的赤霉病抗性均显著高于感病亲本中国春、感病对照绵阳8545和石麦4185,为赤霉病抗病育种提供了新的种质资源。 相似文献
16.
Three tetraploid (2n= 4x= 28) wheat Triticum turgidum L. landrace morphotypes (= genotypes) from Ethiopia were found to carry a variant karyotype directly discernible under the microscope. This was possible because the rearrangement involved one of the satellited chromosomes. Giemsa C-banding revealed that the rearrangement resulted from a 5BS.6BS(5BL.6BL) centric reciprocal translation. The banding pattern on 5BL was polymorphic, suggesting that this translocation might have occurred more than once. There was little C-band polymorphism for the remaining chromosomes, except for 2A. As pure lines, all three morphotypes showed normal chromosome pairing at metaphase I (MI) in pollen mother cells (PMCs). indicating that they are genomically stable. Meiotic analyses of F1 hybrids and F2 segregates derived from crosses with tester varieties clearly indicated that one of them (B-l–9) carried another translocation. However, we were not successful in delecting the chromosomes involved, presumably the interchanged segments did nol include C-banding regions. By using T5BS.6BS, direct evidence for segregation distortion against translocation homozygotes in intervarietal hybrids was obtained. The distorted segregation was attributed lo zygotic selection. No aneuploid plants were obtained from the F2 segregates. However, translocation heterozygotes resulting in unstable meiosis were abundant in the F2 generation. The implications of the results in using the indigenous landraces in hybridization breeding are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Rodrigo Barba-Gonzalez Alex A. Van Silfhout Richard G. F. Visser Munikote S. Ramanna Jaap M. Van Tuyl 《Euphytica》2006,151(2):243-250
With the aim of utilizing allotriploid (2n = 3x = 36) lily hybrids (Lilium) in introgression breeding, different types of crosses were made. First, using diploid Asiatic lilies (2n = 2x = 24), reciprocal crosses (3x − 2x and 2x − 3x) were made with allotriploid hybrids (AOA) obtained by backcrosses of F1 Oriental × Asiatic hybrids (OA) to Asiatic cultivars (A). Secondly, the AOA allotriploids were crossed with allotetraploid (OAOA, 2n = 4x = 48), in 3x − 4x combination. Finally, the AOA allotriploids where crossed to 2n gamete producer F1 OA hybrids (3x − 2x (2n)). Two types of triploids were used as parents in the different types of crosses, derived from: (a) mitotic polyploidization and (b) sexual polyploidization. Ploidy level of the progeny was determined by estimating the DNA values through flowcytometry as well as chromosome counting. The aneuploid progeny plants from 3x − 2x and reciprocal crosses had approximate diploid levels and in 3x − 4x crosses and 3x − 2x (2n) the progeny had approximate tetraploid levels. Balanced euploid gametes (x, 2x and 3x) were formed in the AOA genotypes. Recombinant chromosomes were found in the progenies of all crosses, except in the case of 2x − 3x crosses through genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) analyses. Recombinant chromosomes occurred in the F1 OA hybrid when the triploid AOA hybrid was derived through sexual polyploidization, but not through mitotic polyploidization with two exceptions. Those recombinant chromosomes were transmitted to the progenies in variable frequencies. 相似文献
18.
Summary
Melilotus alba differs by a reciprocal translocation from 7 other species which are categorized into M. officinalis and M. dentata groups. The two species groups, however, remained to be studied in relation to their cytological relations because of early degeneration of hybrid embryo. Interspecific triple crosses were successfully made in order to examine whether or not the reciprocal translocations observed were of the same origin. When F1 hybrids between M. alba and M. officinalis group were crossed with M. dentata group, about a half of hybrids plants were heterozygous for a reciprocal translocation while the remaining plants were normal chromosome pairing, showing a segregation ratio of 1:1. This result indicates that reciprocal translocations observed among the three groups are of the same origin. Accordingly, it is expected that M. officinalis group and M. dentata group have the same chromosomal constitutions. 相似文献
19.
Summary Effects of resistance genes and heat tolerance genes on expression of resistance to bacterial wilt caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum were investigated in 30 F1 progenies from parents with different levels of bacterial wilt resistance and heat tolerance. A race 1 and a race 3 isolate of the bacterium were used for inoculation under screenhouse conditions at two locations. Results obtained indicated that with reduction in levels of parental resistance, resistance in the F1 progenies was also reduced. Under hot conditions, a reduced heat tolerance in the genetic background also resulted in lower levels of resistance expression. The effect of heat tolerance tended to diminish at lower temperatures leaving the effect of resistance genes more consistent. There existed a strong interaction between resistance genes and genes for heat tolerance. The nature of resistance to bacterial wilt in potato and implications for breeding for resistance are discussed.Effects of reciprocal crosses on expression of resistance to a race 1 isolate under hot screenhouse conditions, were studied in 5 sets of reciprocal F1 progenies involving different resistant and susceptible parents. The reciprocal differences observed were not significant suggesting absence of cytoplasmic effects on expression of resistance. 相似文献
20.
The derivation of compensating translocations involving homoeologous group 3 chromosomes of wheat and rye 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary The Sr27 translocation in WRT238 was found to consist of chromosome arms 3RS of rye and 3AS of common wheat. An attempt was made to purposely produce compensating translocations having 3RS and a wheat homoeologous group 3L arm. To achieve this, plants, double monosomic for 3R and a wheat homoeologous group 3 chromosome, were irradiated (7.5 Gy gamma rays) or left untreated before being used to pollinate stem rust susceptible testers. Segregation for stem rust resistance was studied to identify F2 families with Sr27-carrying translocated chromosomes, these were confirmed by means of C-banding. Compensating translocations 3RS3AL and 3RS3BL) were obtained readily and at similar frequencies from untreated and irradiated plants (respectively, 7.2% and 9.3%). Both translocation types have impaired transmission and segregate approximately 3: 2 (present: absent) in the F2. 相似文献