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用碱裂解法提取分离的１０株鸡源大肠埃希氏菌的质粒。结果：多数大肠埃希氏菌株含有大质粒，分子量为５０￣２３０ｋｂ。这些大质粒可能含有毒力相关基因，与细菌的耐药性，大肠埃氏菌素的产生及质粒的传递功能等有关。 相似文献
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应用质粒图谱分析大肠埃希氏菌毒力差异的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对1株无致病性鸡源大肠埃希氏菌（O21）和5株已知毒力强弱的大肠埃希氏菌（O2、O1、X2、148和O78）进行质粒图谱（PP）分析。结果表明这6个菌株属于不同的6种质粒谱型，其毒力的强弱与其所携带质粒的数量和大小有关，但不同毒力株间也有少数几条相同大小的谱带，试验结果表明PP图谱法可作为大肠埃希氏菌分型和鉴别其毒力的间接分子生物学方法。 相似文献
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《动物医学进展》2016,(8)
为了解天津几种引进的特色家禽致病性大肠埃希菌的流行情况,对引进的矮脚鸡、苏秦绿壳蛋鸡、大围山微型鸡和泰和乌骨鸡4个品种患腹泻病鸡的病料进行细菌学检验和药敏试验,经分离培养、染色镜检、生化试验、毒力基因ChuA鉴定、血清学试验和动物试验,共分离出9株鸡大肠埃希菌,其中从5株中能够检出ChuA毒力基因,这5株菌分别为O2、O78和O88,有3种血清型。动物试验结果表明,携带ChuA基因的5株菌均具有致病性,且毒力不同,其中从矮脚鸡分离的毒株毒力最强,致死率为100%。药敏试验结果表明,5株致病性大肠埃希菌对链霉素、阿莫西林/克拉维酸敏感,对磷霉素和环丙沙星均存在不同程度的耐药现象,其中对庆大霉素、头孢唑啉和氨苄西林严重耐药,研究结果为鸡大肠杆菌病防控提供了参考。 相似文献
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鸡源大肠埃希氏菌某些生物学特性 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
对鸡源大肠埃希氏菌的某些生物学特性进行了研究,包括对１日龄鸡的致病性、溶血性、菌毛的表达、血凝性、对鸡胚成纤维细胞（ＣＥＦ）的粘附特性、体内外与鸡气管粘膜的粘附特征、质粒特征、全菌蛋白ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳及免疫转印等。结果表明,鸡源大肠埃希氏菌的溶血性、质粒特征、对ＣＥＦ的粘附特性与其致病性无关;菌毛与致病性有关,大部分菌株表达Ⅰ型菌毛;血凝能被Ｄ－甘露糖抑制,不同菌株血凝谱具有差异;体内外与气管粘膜的粘附特性与菌株致病性有关;在全菌蛋白ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳中,相对分子质量约为４０７００的多肽仅存在于具有致病性的菌株中,经免疫转印证实,该多肽为致病性大肠埃希氏菌所特有 相似文献
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正大肠埃希菌是人和动物肠道的正常菌群,其中有些菌株可引起轻微腹泻或严重腹泻,有的菌株能引起致死性并发症,如溶血性尿毒综合征。依据血清型、毒力和临床症状的不同,将大肠埃希菌分为5类,即肠致病性大肠埃希菌、肠产毒性大肠埃希菌、肠侵袭性大肠埃希菌、肠集聚性大肠埃希菌和肠出血性大肠埃希菌。引起肠道感染的大肠埃希菌与正常菌群中的大肠埃希菌在普通平板上的表现相似,分离培养后可通过血清分型和毒力检测等加以鉴别。 相似文献
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以往防治鸡大肠杆菌病主要采用抗生素,由于大肠埃希氏菌抗药性的产生,药物使用剂量越来越大,造成禽产品中抗生素的残留,危害人类健康,我们从1987年至今,在内蒙古中西部地区分离到鸡源致病性大肠埃希氏菌273株。经详细鉴定发现内蒙古中西部地区流行的鸡致病性大肠埃希氏菌主要是O78、O1、O2、O8、O9、和O132。因此,我们以这6株菌作为制苗菌株,进行了鸡大肠杆菌病多价油乳剂灭活苗的研制。1材料与方法1.1材料制苗菌株为内蒙古中西部地区分离的鸡源致病性大肠埃希氏菌O78、O1、O2、O8、O9和O132;肉汤培养基、甘油琼脂培养基按文献介绍的方… 相似文献
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Nolan LK Horne SM Giddings CW Foley SL Johnson TJ Lynne AM Skyberg J 《Veterinary research communications》2003,27(2):101-110
Control of avian colibacillosis is hampered by lack of easily identifiable markers for virulent Escherichia coli. Resistance to serum complement appears to be a widespread trait of virulent avian E. coli, suggesting that bacterial factors promoting survival in serum may be useful in discriminating between virulent and avirulent isolates. Such distinguishing factors may prove useful in diagnostic protocols or as targets in future colibacillosis control protocols. Interestingly, the factors responsible for resistance to complement differ in the E. coli isolated from mammalian and avian hosts, which may reflect differences in the nature of avian and mammalian colibacillosis. In some cases, genetic determinants for serum complement resistance in avian E. coli are found on aerobactin- or Colicin V-encoding plasmids. One such gene, iss, first described for its role in the serum resistance associated with a ColV plasmid from a human E. coli isolate, occurs much more frequently in isolates from birds with colibacillosis than in faecal isolates from healthy birds. Efforts to identify the genomic location of iss in a single, virulent avian E. coli isolate have revealed that it occurs in association with several purported virulence genes, all linked to a large conjugative R plasmid. At this time, it is not known whether iss merely marks the presence of a larger pathogenicity unit or is itself a contributor to virulence. Nevertheless, the presence of the complement-resistance determinant, iss, may be a marker of virulent avian E. coli exploitable in controlling avian colibacillosis. 相似文献
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Differentiating between virulent and avirulent avian Escherichia coli isolates continues to be a problem for poultry diagnostic laboratories and the study of colibacillosis in poultry. The ability of a laboratory to conduct one simple test that correlates with virulence would simplify studies in these areas; however, previous studies have not enabled researchers to establish such a test. In this study, the occurrence of certain phenotypic and genotypic traits purported to contribute to avian E. coli virulence in 20 avian E. coli isolates was correlated with the results of embryo challenge studies. This analysis was undertaken in an effort to determine which trait(s) best identified each avian E. coli isolate as virulent or avirulent. Traits selected were complement resistance, production of colicin V (ColV), motility, type F1 pili expression, presence of the temperature-sensitive hemagglutinin gene (tsh), and presence of the increased serum survival genetic locus (iss). ColV production, complement resistance, and presence of the iss genetic element were the three traits most highly correlated with high embryo lethality. A logistic regression model was used to predict the embryo lethality results on the basis of the most frequent isolate characteristics. Results indicate that ColV, complement resistance, and if are significant predictor variables for the percentage of embryo lethality resulting from challenge with a specific avian E. coli isolate. However, no single trait has the ability to predict virulent isolates 100% of the time. Such results suggest the possibility that the embryo lethality assay may prove to be the one test needed to determine if an avian E. coli isolate is virulent. 相似文献
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Infections due to Escherichia coli have been costly to the poultry industry, but the exact virulence mechanisms used by these organisms to cause disease in birds remain undefined. Several factors have been shown to contribute to the virulence of avian E. coli, and many of the genes encoding these factors have been found on large conjugative plasmids. Because of the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance genes on these same plasmids, it is possible that the use of antimicrobial agents may select for persistence of E. coli containing such plasmids. In the present study, a subclone of one of these plasmids was identified as likely containing some virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes. In an effort to better understand the relationship between virulence and resistance in these plasmids, this subclone was sequenced and the sequence analyzed. Analysis of this 30-kilobase (kb) region of plasmid pTJ100 revealed a mosaic of virulence genes, insertion sequences, antimicrobial resistance cassettes, and their remnants. Many of the resistance genes found in this region were expressed under laboratory conditions, indicating that certain antimicrobial agents, including disinfectants, antibiotics, and heavy metals, could promote selection of E. coli containing such plasmids in the production environment. Also, analysis of the G + C content of this clone indicated that it is the likely consequence of a complex evolution with components derived from various sources. The occurrence of many mobile elements in conjunction with antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in this 30-kb region may indicate that the genetic constitution of the clone is quite plastic. Although further study will be required to better define this plasmid's role in avian E. coli virulence, the sequence described here is, to our knowledge, the longest known contiguous sequence of a ColV plasmid yet presented. Analysis of this sequence indicates that this clone and its parent plasmid may be important to the pathogenesis of avian colibacillosis and the evolution of avian E. coli virulence. 相似文献
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Colibacillosis caused by Escherichia coli infections account for significant morbidity and mortality in the poultry industry. Yet, despite the importance of colibacillosis, much about the virulence mechanisms employed by avian E. coli remains unknown. In recent years several genes have been linked to avian E. coli virulence, many of which reside on a large transmissible plasmid. In the present study, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol to detect the presence of four of these genes is described. Such a protocol may supplement current diagnostic schemes and provide a rapid means of characterizing the E. coli causing disease in poultry. The targets of this procedure included iss, the increased serum survival gene; tsh, the temperature sensitive hemagglutinin gene; cvi, the ColV immunity gene; and iucC, a gene of the aerobactin operon. Organisms, known for their possession or lack of these genes, were used as a source of the template DNA to develop the multiplex PCR protocol. Identity of the amplicons was confirmed by size, DNA:DNA hybridization with specific gene probes, and DNA sequencing. When the multiplex PCR protocol was used to characterize 10 E. coli isolates incriminated in avian colibacillosis and 10 from the feces of apparently healthy birds, nine of the isolates from apparently healthy birds contained no more than one gene, while the 10th contained all four. Also, eight of the isolates incriminated in colibacillosis contained three or more genes, while the remaining two contained two of the target genes. Interestingly, the isolates of sick birds containing only two of the targeted genes killed the least number of embryos,and the isolate of healthy birds that contained all the genes killed the most embryos amongthis group. These genes were not found among the non-E. coli isolates tested, demonstrating the procedure's specificity for E. coli. Overall, these results suggest that this protocol might be useful in characterization and study of avian E. coli. 相似文献
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The clinical and microbial efficacy of antimicrobial treatments of avian colibacillosis was studied, using an experimental model on chickens previously inoculated with multiresistant commensal Escherichia coli strains. One E. coli with pMG252 plasmid containing bla(FOX5) and qnrA1 genes and another E. coli with pMG298 plasmid containing bla(CTX-M15) and qnrB1 genes were first orally inoculated to chickens Both isolates were also resistant to chloramphenicol, sulphamethoxazole, trimethoprim, streptomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, and tetracycline. The birds were then experimentally infected with an avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), via the air sac. Treatments (oxytetracycline (OTC), trimethoprim-sulfadimethoxin (SXT), amoxicillin (AMX) or enrofloxacin (ENR) were then offered at the therapeutic doses. Symptoms, lesions in dead or sacrificed birds, and isolation and characterization of APEC from internal organs were studied. Results showed that OTC, SXT or ENR treatments could control the pathology. AMX worsened the disease, possibly due to endotoxin shock. All APEC re-isolated from internal organs showed the same antimicrobial susceptibility as the APEC inoculated strain, except for one APEC isolate from an infected OTC-treated bird, which acquired tetracycline resistance only, and one APEC isolate recovered from the air sacs of a chicken in the infected SXT-treated group, which acquired the pMG252 plasmid and became multi-resistant. Thus three antimicrobials could control the disease but the experimental model enabled, to our knowledge, the first observation of plasmid transfer from a bacterium of the intestinal tract to a pathogenic isolate from the respiratory tract. 相似文献
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Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is associated with several types of extraintestinal infections, collectively known as colibacillosis. A heterogeneous population structure has hindered development of vaccines protective against all APEC. Recently, however, the existence of different APEC subpathotypes have been suggested, which are defined by specific disease syndromes and associated virulence genes. A collection of 14 APEC isolates representing clonal outbreaks of salpingitis accompanied by peritonitis and sepsis were characterized in the present study. All the strains carried large plasmids and the aim of the study was to investigate the similarity of these by sequencing, annotating and comparative analysis to identify potential vaccine targets. In addition, a comparison with gene content of human extraintestinal E. coli (ExPEC) subtypes was conducted. Results obtained demonstrated highly similar plasmid contents of the 14 APEC strains, despite the diversity of their chromosomal background. All 14 APEC carried the colicin V operon and numerous virulence genes. These included iss, traT, hlyF, eitABC, ompT, iroBCDEN, sitABCD, iutA and lucABCD. Several of these are shared with human ExPEC, implicating a possible zoonotic potential. Despite a diverse chromosomal background, it was concluded that the plasmid content of virulence genes are highly similar for the investigated APEC subpathotype. Based on their frequency, protein uniformity and subcellular localization iroN, iutA, iss, traT, ompT and etsC are suggested as vaccine-candidates. Experimental studies are, however, necessary to determine the protective potential of the candidates against the APEC subpathotype characterized by salpingitis, peritonitis and possibly septicaemia. 相似文献
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Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Ewers C Janssen T Wieler LH 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2003,116(9-10):381-395
Infections with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) cause colibacillosis, an acute and mostly systemic disease resulting in significant economic losses in poultry industry worldwide. Avian colibacillosis is a complex syndrome characterized by multiple organ lesions with airsacculitis and associated pericarditis, perihepatitis and peritonitis being most typical. Environmental factors as well as the constitution of poultry or initial viral infections influence the outcome of APEC-infections. However, several challenge experiments in chickens proofed the role of virulent APEC strains as the single aetiological agent. Currently serotypes O1:K1, O2:K1 and O78:K80 are recognized as the most prevalent, however the number of published serotypes is increasing. In addition, single APEC isolates vary profoundly in virulence, and knowledge about the molecular basis of this variability is still scarce. Known virulence factors of APEC are adhesins (F1- and P-fimbriae), iron acquisition systems (aerobactin and yersiniabactin), hemolysins (hemolysinE and temperaturesensitive hemagglutinin), resistance to the bactericidal effects of serum and phagocytosis (outer membrane protein, iss protein, lipopolysaccharide, K/1)-capsule and colilcin production) as well as toxins and cytotoxins (heat stable toxin, cyto-/verotoxin and flagella toxin). Esperimental studies have shown that the respiratory tract, principally the gas-exchange region of the lung and the interstitium of the air sacs are the most important sites of entry for avian pathogenic E. coli. APEC strains adhere to the epithelial cells of air sacs presumably through F1-fimbriae. After colonization and multiplication the bacteria enter the bloodstream, and the temperature-sensitive hemagglutinin (tsh) seems to be important int his step. After invading the bloodstream APEC cause a septicemia resulting in massive lesins in multiple internal organs and in sudden death of the birds. The ability of the bacteria to acquire iron and the resistance to the bactericidal effects of serum, predominantly conferred by the increased serum survival (iss)--protein, enables APEC to multiply quickly in their hosts. Iss is regarded a specific genetic marker for avian pathogenic E. colistrains. A critical review of the literature published so far on APEC reveals, that these pathotypes are not defined appropriately. This findings urge investigations on the population structure of APEC, enabling the establishment of appropriate diagnostic tools and avoiding the obsolete use of serotyping for APEC diagnosis. So far more than 20 APEC strains have been investigated in animal experiments, explaining contrary published results. Thus, the lack of knowledge in pathogenicity and in immunity of APEC infections urges further experimental studies. As APEC share not only identical serotypes with human pathogens but also specific virulence factors, their zoonotic potential is under consideration. 相似文献
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Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) are often found in poultry and are responsible for a set of diseases, commonly referred to as avian colibacillosis. One of the important virulence factors is adhesion to different epithelial surfaces, which is mediated by pili. P pili are thought to play a role by means of their PapG adhesin, which occurs in three molecular variants: PapGI, PapGII and PapGIII. This study is the first to determine and analyse the distribution of the different papG alleles in APEC. Our results show a significant predominance of the papGII allele above all other alleles or allele combinations. No statistically significant associations could be found between papG allele distribution and the type of bird, organ of isolation and O serogroup. Finally, the papGII and papGIII sequences showed high homology with mammalian (including human) source papG sequences. 相似文献
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Mora A López C Herrera A Viso S Mamani R Dhabi G Alonso MP Blanco M Blanco JE Blanco J 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,156(3-4):347-352
The present study characterizes, for the first time, two emerging avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) clonal groups of serogroup O111: O111:H4-D-ST117 and O111:H4-D-ST2085. The clonal group O111:H4-D-ST117 was already present in APEC strains isolated between 1991 and 2000, and was still present in strains isolated between 2004 and 2009, showing long time evolution according to the virulence-gene differences and macrorestriction profiles. Among ST117 strains, two virulence profiles could be distinguished: papG II-positive tsh-negative strains which satisfied criteria for extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), and papG II-negative tsh-positive strains without ExPEC status. Interestingly, we have detected a human septicemic O111:H4-D-ST117 ExPEC strain isolated from a hemocultive in 2000 whose macrorestriction profile showed >85% similarity with four APEC strains of the study. The clonal group O111:H4-D-ST2085 was exclusively detected in 17 APEC strains isolated in 2008 and 2009, and showed short time evolution based on its homogeneity since all were nalidixic acid-resistant, all had ExPEC status, and most carried papG II and tsh genes. From the clinical point of view, O111:H4-D-ST2085 seems a successful clonal group that could be the result of the epidemiological evolution of O111:H4-D-ST117. Due to the increasing prevalence of both clonal groups among clinical APEC isolates, their high virulence-gene content, and zoonotic potential, we suggest them as possible candidates for the development of a future vaccine against avian colibacillosis. 相似文献