共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
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2011 ～2013年2～7月,对红嘴蓝鹊（Urocissa erythrorhyncha）的巢址选择进行了研究,结果表明：红嘴蓝鹊营巢最早开始于2月下旬,结束于6月下旬;第一窝出飞后,即开始另选巢址进行第二窝繁殖,原巢不再利用.红嘴蓝鹊营巢于树上,选择2～4月建巢,均为常绿树种;5～6月建巢既有常绿树种,也有落叶树种.巢树平均高度（11.12 ±4.15）m、胸径（26.23±12.85）cm、巢高（7.35±2.80）m （n=13）,主成分分析表明,影响红嘴蓝鹊巢址选择的主要因子有3个,依次为：巢树因子（主要包括：树高、树胸径、巢高）、隐蔽与食物水源因子（巢上郁闭度、巢距最近食源地距离、巢距最近水源距离）、光与人类活动影响因子（巢与巢枝朝向、巢距道路距离）.繁殖期红嘴蓝鹊对人为干扰与噪音敏感,巢位较低和较大的暴风雨等均可能造成红嘴蓝鹊弃巢. 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2016,(21)
为了解不同地理分布区树麻雀(Passer montanus)的巢特征和巢址选择,2012年3—5月份在广西金钟山采用系统调查法对树麻雀的巢特征和巢址选择进行初步研究,野外共测量了60个树麻雀的巢。结果表明:树麻雀主要筑巢于楼房墙壁的缝隙、楼顶砖洞、屋檐下缝隙、排水通道、居民区内树上人工巢箱中,有时也会利用燕子的弃巢;巢深、巢高、巢内径和巢外径等巢特征参数存在差异(P0.05),巢材大多就地取材,人工巢材占有很大比例(20%),并且适应了人为干扰对它的影响。影响巢址选择的因子主要分为四类,即水源因子、巢位因子、洞口因子、隐蔽和光照因子,同域分布的树麻雀巢址资源竞争激烈。 相似文献
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扎龙保护区苍鹭营巢最适生境选择模型 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
本文建立了扎龙国家自然保护区苍鹭营巢的最适生境选择指数模型。通过对影响苍鹭营巢的主要生境因子水源、植被种类、植被密度和植被高度等进行调查分析，分别建立了相应的选择指数，为苍鹭营巢的生境质量评价提供了一种建模思想。 相似文献
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以往扎龙湿地对鹤巢的研究只涉及了巢址的选择与分布情况,而鹤巢环境的监测却出现了空白。扎龙湿地环境的监测并不能准确反映鹤巢环境情况,且监测手段存在取样难、周期长、滞后性等不足。本文设计了基于物联网的鹤巢环境监测系统,该系统由鹤巢附近的无线监测节点、无线路由节点、网关节点和远程上位机监测中心组成。通过无线监测节点实现对鹤巢周边环境参数的采集,将采集到的数据通过Zigbee网络进行处理、汇总,并通过公共网络3G及时的传输给由Java技术和百度地图搭建的上位机监测中心。该系统具有低成本、低功耗、实时性好、组网灵活、跨平台等优点,满足了现代监测系统的需求,适合于大面积湿地鹤巢环境的长期在线监测。 相似文献
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兴凯湖自然保护区湖岗天然带状林中繁殖鸟巢的空间格局 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2006、2007年5～7月对兴凯湖自然保护区湖岗天然林带中繁殖鸟及鸟巢进行调查测定,发现繁殖鸟类30种,分属于6目15科24属.对发现的186个巢的分析显示:群落鸟类巢位在空间上有着明显的梯度特征,鸟类空间营巢的异质性在垂直空间体现在距地面不同营巢高度(h)上,营巢范围分4层(h1=0m、0m＜h2≤2m、2m＜h3≤10 m、10 m＜h4).水平方向鸟巢分布受植被类型限制,乔木林中鸟类多样性最丰富(H=1.764),距公路10～50 m距林缘20 m以内是鸟类巢位选择最佳区域;生态位分析显示表明:东方大苇莺生态位最宽(FT=0.3174)、巨嘴柳莺次之(FT=0.2953),其后依次为星头啄木鸟、红尾伯劳、大斑啄木鸟等. 相似文献
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2014年3—8月,采用样方法对分布于河南省郑州市郊区的两处崖沙燕营巢地的洞巢进行了调查,对获得的数据进行差异显著性检验及单因素方差分析。结果表明:(1)两处崖沙燕营巢地中的洞巢数量差异显著(P<0.001);(2)崖沙燕的洞巢数量在垂直方向上差异不显著(P=0.560),巢间距差异显著(P<0.05);(3)崖沙燕洞巢的分布类型,东区营巢地为聚集型分布模式,西区营巢地为均匀型分布模式;(4)崖沙燕洞巢的洞口大小随时间变化与营巢地有关。建议在城市化建设过程中依据崖沙燕的洞巢空间分布格局特点对该物种进行合理的保护。 相似文献
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2011年4月,在七星河保护区内用生境因子测定法、样方法对苍鹭的巢选择进行了初步研究。结果表明:(1)七星河保护区苍鹭巢为地面型,均营巢于芦苇沼泽,窝卵数以4～5枚卵居多(84.21%);(2)巢外径为95.31±1.30 cm,巢内径为40.29±0.54 cm,巢高为57.51±1.91 cm,巢深为11.51±0.35 cm;(3)巢周水深为42.18±1.94 cm,距道路距离为446.58±13.9 m,巢周芦苇高度为323.12±3.87 cm,密度为263.17±4.20根/m~2,直径为8.11±0.41 mm,盖度为1.32±0.07%。进一步比较分析发现:栖息型、水位、芦苇处理方式的不同,苍鹭巢特征和巢周环境也不同。 相似文献
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Behaviour of laying hens in cages with nest sites 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
M C Appleby 《British poultry science》1990,31(1):71-80
1. Behavior of ISA Brown hens was compared in cages with and without nest sites provided, to determine the characteristics necessary for such nest sites and whether part of the existing cage area could be modified to form an acceptable nest file. 2. There were 5 treatments: control (C); a wooden surround in one rear corner of the cage (S); a fiberglass rollaway hollow in one rear corner of the cage (H); a hollow and a surround (H/S); a nest box attached to the back of the cage, containing a hollow (N). 3. Use of rollaway hollows was limited, unless they were blocked and wood shavings were added, when 55 to 60% of eggs were laid in them. There were also problems with soiling of hollows. 4. When hollows were blocked, most hens used them in treatments H/S and N, suggesting that substrate and surroundings both contributed to acceptability of nest sites. 5. Pre-laying behaviour in sites within the cage was disturbed and sometimes abnormal. In addition, these sites were not used for other activities, thus limiting the space available. 6. For pre-laying behaviour to be expressed satisfactorily in cages, an additional nesting area, such as a nest box or boxes, is probably necessary. 相似文献
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2017年4～6月根据系统搜寻法和对亲鸟衔草叼虫等行为的观察,在弄岗搜寻鸟巢。幼鸟离巢后,将巢取回。对取回的黑枕王鹟(n=8)、黄腹山鹪莺(n=4)、长尾缝叶莺(n=5)、黄腹花蜜鸟(n=4)和凤头鹀(n=5)共计26巢的结构特征和巢材组分进行分析,发现:凤头鹀巢内外直径和巢杯容积均极显著大于另外4种(P <0. 01)。另4种中,黑枕王鹟体型稍大,但巢大小无明显差异。体型越大的鸟筑的巢越大,但巢类型和巢材属性也会影响巢大小。巢材选择是筑巢中的重要环节,鸟类根据利弊权衡和所处环境调整巢材种类,在弄岗,雨水是鸟类利用巢材的主要选择压力。 相似文献
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以上海野生动物园21只虹彩吸蜜鹦鹉为研究对象,探讨了在半散养条件下、生活环境有游人介入的环境中,虹彩吸蜜鹦鹉的饲养和繁殖过程,包括繁殖巢箱的设计,对虹彩吸蜜鹦鹉的繁殖行为进行了描述,并对虹彩吸蜜鹦鹉所选择巢箱的特征加以初步分析。结果表明：均衡营养的食物配给、设计合理的繁殖巢箱是保证虹彩吸蜜鹦鹉繁殖的关键。合理的巢箱布局可以有效利用繁殖空间,减少同类竞争和人为破坏。巢内保持干燥也是其营巢产卵的重要条件之一。半散养的生活环境中鼠蛇会影响种群的繁衍生息。虹彩吸蜜鹦鹉在上海地区的繁殖受季节变换的影响,除冬季外皆可产卵繁殖,窝卵数1～2枚。 相似文献
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采用样线法以巢址为指标在红花尔基樟子松林国家级自然保护区对松鼠的生境保护选择进行了定量研究。使用样线法进行调查,共获取147个巢样方和160个对照样方,对每个样方分别测定了8个环境参数。主成分分析结果表明,影响松鼠巢址选择的诸因素重要性依次为：林型、生境的郁闭程度、生境所处坡向坡位。松鼠显著倾向于在利用苔草樟子松林,随机利用其他类型樟子松林,而对杨桦林等则倾向回避。松鼠巢树周围的树木密度和多样性显著高于对照样方。巢址生境多位于南向的中、下坡位。 相似文献
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Shuran LI Xin HAO Baojun SUN Junhuai BI Yongpu ZHANG Weiguo DU 《Integrative zoology》2021,16(5):741-754
Despite the importance of maternally selected nests in shaping offspring phenotypes, our understanding of how the nest environment affects embryonic development and offspring traits of most non-avian reptiles is rather limited largely due to the logistical difficulty in locating their nests. To identify the relative contributions of environmental (temporal [seasonal] and spatial [nest-site]) and intrinsic (clutch) factors on embryonic development and offspring traits, we conducted a cross-fostering experiment by swapping eggs between maternally-selected nests of the toad-headed agama (Phrynocephalus przewalskii) in the field. We found that nest environment explained a large proportion of variation in incubation duration, hatching success, and offspring size and growth. In contrast, clutch only explained a small proportion of variation in these embryonic and offspring traits. More significantly, compared with spatial effects, seasonal effects explained more phenotypic variation in both embryonic development and offspring traits. Eggs laid early in the nesting season had longer incubation durations and produced smaller hatchlings with higher post-hatching growth rates than did later-laid eggs. Consequently, hatchlings from early-laid eggs reached larger body sizes prior to winter. In addition, we found that female toad-headed agama did not select nests specific to reaction norms of their own offspring because hatchlings from original or translocated nests had similar phenotypic traits. Overall, our study demonstrates the importance of seasonal variation in nest environments in determining embryonic development and offspring phenotypes, which has not been widely appreciated at least in non-avian reptiles. 相似文献
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Helen T. Davis Ashley M. Long Jeremy A. Baumgardt Tyler A. Campbell Michael L. Morrison 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2019,72(2):385-395
Woody encroachment has influenced wildlife distributions and, thus, predator-prey dynamics, for many taxa in North American grasslands. In 2015 and 2016, we examined how vegetative characteristics influenced avian nest predator assemblages and nest predation rates in semiarid grasslands of south Texas, where encroachment of woody plant species is common. We monitored 253 nests of 17 bird species and deployed infrared cameras at 107 nest sites within four vegetation types at our study sites. We also used data from a concurrent, multispecies monitoring project within our study area to assess predator activity within these same vegetation types. We divided bird species into four nest types based on nest shape and size (i.e., small, medium, and large cup-shaped nests and exposed nests with little structure). We then used logistic regression to examine relationships between shrub cover, concealment, and distance to edge and the probability of nest success and predation by snakes. We observed a significant decrease in nest success of our medium-sized, cup-shaped nest type when shrub cover increased at the nest site, indicating small increases in shrub cover (≈ 10%) could have substantial impacts on birds using this nest type. Snakes were our primary predator at camera-monitored nests (59%), and snake activity increased by 6.7% with every 10% increase in shrub cover at the nest site. Mesomammalian and large mammalian predators were most active in vegetation types predominated by herbaceous cover, small mammals were most active in vegetation types predominated by woody cover, and snake activity was highly variable. Predator activity did not reflect predator identity at camera-monitored nests, suggesting that potential nest predator activity may not accurately reflect the risk of nest predation. Results of our study will help inform management of bird species using semiarid grasslands affected by woody encroachment and offer recommendations for improved nest success. 相似文献
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Charles P. Sandford Michel T. Kohl Terry A. Messmer David K. Dahlgren Avery Cook Brian R. Wing 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2017,70(1):59-67
The link between individual variation in resource selection (e.g., functional response) and fitness creates a foundation for understanding wildlife-habitat relationships. Although many anthropogenic activities adversely affect these relationships, it is largely unknown whether projects implemented to benefit wildlife populations actually achieve this outcome. For sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) obligate species such as the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; sage-grouse), expansion of juniper (Juniperus spp.) and pinyon-pine (Pinus spp.; conifers) woodlands into sagebrush ecosystems has been identified as a conservation threat. This threat is intensified when a sagebrush ecosystem is bounded by naturally unsuitable habitats. As such, federal, state, and private land managers have implemented landscape-level management to remove conifers on thousands of hectares of sagebrush habitat across the western United States. Despite the scale of contemporary conifer treatments, little was previously known whether sage-grouse will occupy these manipulated landscapes and whether occupancy has consequences on fitness components. To address these questions, we monitored nest and brood success rates for 96 radio-marked sage-grouse from 2012-2015 that inhabited conifer-dominated landscapes in the Box Elder Sage-grouse Management Area in Utah where mechanical conifer removal projects were completed. We then linked sage-grouse resource selection to individual nest (n = 95) and brood (n = 56) success by incorporating random-slope Resource Selection Functions as explanatory predictors in a logistic brood success model. Using the novel approach of random slope covariates, we demonstrated that sage-grouse selected for nest and brooding sites closer to conifer removal areas and that the probability of individual nest and brood success declined (β = ? 0.10 and β = ? 0.74, respectively) as sage-grouse females selected sites farther from conifer removal areas. Our research provided the first evidence that mechanical conifer removal treatments can increase suitable available breeding habitats for female sage-grouse and that individuals who occupied these areas experienced enhanced nest and brood success. 相似文献
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M. A. RICHARD-YRIS D. GUÉMENÉ R. W. LEA P. J. SHARP G. BÉDÉCARRATS M. FORASTÉ 《British poultry science》1998,39(3):309-317
1. Nest and egg deprivation is a procedure traditionally used to disrupt incubation behaviour expression in commercial flocks. The aim of this study was to establish how nest deprivation affects the subsequent changes in behaviour and hormone secretion and whether readiness to renest is related to hormone concentration before and during nest deprivation. 2. Incubating broiler breeder hens were deprived of their nest either in their familiar environment, by blocking the nest entrance in the home cage or in an unfamiliar environment, by transfer in a different cage. After 3 days of nest deprivation, next access was allowed and readiness to incubate tested. 3. Both methods of nest deprivation resulted in the expression of similar behaviours associated with the disruption of incubation, and similar increases in plasma LH and oestradiol and decreases in plasma prolactin. The percentage (70%) of hens which renested after either method of nest deprivation did not differ significantly. 4. Readiness to renest was not related to the concentrations of plasma prolactin measured before or during the 3 days of nest deprivation. However, hens which would later renest could be identified by using behavioural criteria. They emitted more avoidance trills before, and sat on the wire floor for longer periods during, the nest deprivation period than the others. 相似文献