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1.
辣椒褐斑病菌生物学特性研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
本文对辣椒褐斑病病原菌Cercospora capsici Heald et Wolf的生物学特性进行了研究,结果表明,不同的营养、温度、pH等条件对菌丝生长和孢子萌发有显著影响。病菌菌丝的生长以PDA培养基为最适;适宜温度为20~25℃,最适温度为25℃;最适pH为8.0~9.0,光照对菌丝生长没有明显的促进作用,菌丝致死温度及时间为55℃ 10 min。分生孢子萌发适宜碳源为1%的蔗糖溶液,适宜氮源为1%的甘氨酸溶液;孢子萌发适宜温度为20~30℃,最适温度25℃;最适pH为5~6,光照对孢子萌发没有明显的促进作用,分生孢子致死温度及时间为52℃10 min。 相似文献
2.
辽宁省西瓜炭疽病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对西瓜炭疽病病原菌进行了鉴定及其生物学特性研究。通过病原菌形态学鉴定,柯赫氏法则证病,rDNA ITS测序,鉴定该病致病菌为瓜类炭疽菌（Colletotrichumorbiculare）。生物学特性测定结果表明：病菌菌丝生长最适培养基为PSA; 最适碳、氮源分别为蔗糖和NH4Cl; 最适温度为25℃; 最适pH为6; 黑暗条件利于病菌生长。病菌产孢最适培养基为西瓜茎叶煎汁培养基; 最适碳、氮源分别为蔗糖和NH42SO4; 最适温度为25℃; 最适pH为6; 黑暗条件利于孢子产生。菌丝致死温度为55℃,10min; 分生孢子致死温度为52℃,10min。 相似文献
3.
采用离体接种法对龙船花叶部病害的一种真菌进行了鉴定和生物学特性测定。结果表明,致病性测定与田间症状相似。通过对病原菌形态学、rDNA-ITS和β-微管蛋白序列的综合分析,确定该病原菌为龙船花拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis ixorae)。生物学特性测定表明,菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发最适温度为25℃,最适pH分别为6和7;光照更有利于菌丝生长;碳源以可溶性淀粉和D-甘露糖、氮源以硝酸钠最利于菌丝生长;分生孢子在液态水中萌发率最高,为85.3%;菌丝致死温度为50℃10 min,分生孢子致死温度为50℃20 min或55℃5 min。 相似文献
4.
为明确采自西双版纳景洪地区疑似橡胶麻点病的病原菌,采用组织分离法进行病原菌分离,活体接种法进行致病性测定,通过形态学观察结合rDNA-ITS和GAPDH两个核苷酸片段序列分析,将病原菌确定为狗尾草平脐蠕孢Bipolaris setariae。通过单因子变量试验,对病原菌进行生物学特性研究,结果表明：菌丝生长最适温度为30℃,最适pH为7～8,最适培养基为PDA,菌丝致死温度为53℃,10 min。该病原菌能有效利用多种碳源和氮源,碳源以可溶性淀粉利用率最高,最适氮源为蛋白胨。24 h黑暗条件下培养更有利于菌丝生长。分生孢子萌发的最适温度为28～35℃,最适pH为7～8,28℃黑暗培养2 h后萌发率达到最大,为95.5%,分生孢子致死温度为60℃,10 min。 相似文献
5.
对甘肃省马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)束梗褐腐病病原进行了分离鉴定和生物学特性研究。经形态特征观察与rDNA-ITS序列分析, 将病原菌鉴定为细基束梗霉［Doratomyces stemonitis (Pers. ex Fr.) F.J. Morton & G. Smith］。生物学特性研究结果表明, 病菌菌丝生长最适温度为25～30 ℃, 最适pH为6, 病菌能利用多种碳源, 但以蔗糖最好, 氮源以甘氨酸最适, 光照对菌丝生长没有影响。分生孢子在5～40 ℃范围内均能萌发, 最适25 ℃, 最适pH为7, 分生孢子萌发需液态水, 湿度低于99%几乎不萌发, 马铃薯汁液和葡萄糖液对孢子萌发有较好的促进作用。本研究为马铃薯束梗褐腐病的防治提供了理论依据。 相似文献
6.
苜蓿炭疽病是各苜蓿种植区分布较广的毁灭性病害。毁灭刺盘孢(Colletotrichum destructivum)是苜蓿炭疽病的主要病原菌之一。本试验研究了培养基、碳源、氮源、温度、pH、光照、湿度对毁灭刺盘孢菌菌丝生长、分生孢子产生和萌发的影响。结果表明:该菌菌丝适宜生长的培养基为PDA、PSA和V-8汁;适宜温度范围为28~36℃,最适温度为32℃;适宜pH范围为4~6。该病菌在PDA培养基上,分别以麦芽糖和蛋白胨为碳、氮源,在28℃,pH 6的条件下培养时其产孢能力最强。孢子萌发的最适碳、氮源分别为可溶性淀粉和牛肉膏、蛋白胨;最佳温度28℃;最适pH为6。相对湿度98%以上有利于孢子的萌发。持续光照利于菌丝生长、产孢和萌发。 相似文献
7.
研究了哈氏虫道真菌（Ambrosiella hartigii）的生物学特性。结果表明, 哈氏虫道真菌菌丝生长和产孢均以PDA为最佳培养基, 菌丝生长以甘露醇为碳源、KNO3为氮源最佳, 产孢以蔗糖为碳源、甘氨酸为氮源最佳。菌丝生长和产孢的温度范围分别为10~30 ℃和20~30 ℃, 最适温均为25 ℃, 最适pH为6。菌丝生长、产孢和分生孢子萌发需要黑暗条件。分生孢子萌发最适温度为24~28 ℃, 致死温度为46 ℃10 min, 适宜pH为5.0~6.0。分生孢子在水中不萌发。 相似文献
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9.
对布朗李叶枯病菌(Macrophoma kawatsukai Hara)生物学特性研究表明,该菌最适生长和产孢的培养基为布朗李果汁。菌丝生长和产孢的最佳碳源分别为蔗糖、麦芽糖和果糖;氮源分别为酪氨酸、谷氨酰胺、天门冬酰胺和半胱氨酸。菌丝生长最适温度25℃,最适pH5～7;分生孢子形成最适温度25～30℃,最适pH8,饱和湿度有利于产孢,阳光照射形成分生孢子器最多,紫外光照射对分生孢子器形成有一定的抑制作用。孢子萌发最适温度为20～30℃,最适pH6～9,相对湿度为90%～100%,以在水滴中萌发最好。布朗李杆煎汁和布朗李果汁对孢子萌发有促进作用。 相似文献
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11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
12.
Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
13.
Sergio Ovruski Martín Aluja John Sivinski Robert Wharton 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2000,5(2):81-107
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids. 相似文献
14.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented,
including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006. 相似文献
15.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
16.
《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad 相似文献
17.
M. Fortass S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes. 相似文献
18.
B. Blanco-Urgoiti M. Tribodet S. Leclere F. Ponz C. Pérez de san román F.J. Legorburu C. Kerlan 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(8):811-819
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5
end within the PVYN strain. 相似文献
19.
L. Blommers H. Helsen F. Vaal 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1988,94(2):95-103
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed. 相似文献
20.
Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina. 相似文献