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本次实验采用试管溶液二倍稀释法测得沙拉沙星对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为0.25μg/m L和1.0μg/m L,安普霉素对两种菌的MIC值为2.5μg/m L和0.63μg/m L。试验分别以1MIC、2MIC、4MIC并设置一组空白对照组,然后将大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌与不同浓度的抗生素短暂接触后1.5h,采用千倍稀释法清除抗生素,然后与未处理的对照组比较细菌恢复再生长时间,按公式PAE=T-C计算结果。结果显示在1MIC时,单用沙拉沙星对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的PAE分别为0.92士0.28h、1.15士0.31h,而沙拉沙星与安普霉素联合应用在1MIC对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的PAE分别为1.68士0.26h,1.45士0.25h,比较可以得出,两种药联合应用可有效延长PAE。再者,两种药联用对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌在药物浓度为2MIC和4MIC的PAE分别为为2.05±0.35h、2.13±0.27h和3.47±0.32h、2.47±0.34h。可得PAE大小与药物浓度呈正相关,并推测其最佳接触时间为4h左右。 相似文献
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氟苯尼考及其与多西环素联合的体外抗菌作用 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
对氟苯尼考 (Florfenicol)及其与多西环素 (Doxycycline)联合的体外抗菌活性、杀菌动力学曲线和抗菌后效应(PAE)作了研究。结果表明 :氟苯尼考对鸡大肠杆菌等 9种标准菌株最小抑菌浓度 (MIC)为 0 .2～ 1.6 mg/L ,与氯霉素相似或略低 ,比甲砜霉素低 1/2～ 1/80 ;对耐氯霉素、甲砜霉素的鸡大肠杆菌、鸡白痢沙门氏菌和猪大肠杆菌临床分离株仍有较强抗菌作用 ;对鸡大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌动力学曲线与甲砜霉素相似 ,表现为低浓度抑菌 (小于 4 MIC值 )、高浓度缓慢杀菌 ;对鸡大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的 PAE显著长于甲砜霉素 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,呈浓度依赖性 ,对鸡大肠杆菌的 PAE(1.4 5～ 2 .0 7h)显著长于对金黄色葡萄球菌 (0 .4 8～ 1.18h)。棋盘法测得氟苯尼考与多西环素联合对鸡大肠杆菌、鸡白痢沙门氏菌、猪链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均为无关作用 ,对前 3种菌的部分抑菌浓度(FIC)指数值为 1.5 ,联合时的氟苯尼考 MIC值比其单独时减小了 1/2。氟苯尼考以 1∶ 2与多西环素联合时 ,对鸡大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌速率与氟苯尼考单药相比均有所增加 ,当浓度大于或等于 4 MIC时呈现出协同作用 ;对鸡大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的 PAE与单药 PAE的较大值相近 ,与相应浓度的单药相比均表现为无关作用。 相似文献
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试验测定了舒巴坦与β内酰胺类抗生素联用对细菌的体外抗菌活性。结果表明：舒巴坦分别与阿莫西林、氨苄西林联用对标准大肠杆菌O78、金黄色葡萄球菌的联合药敏结果为无关作用，对临床分离的产β—内酰胺酶耐药菌株鸭大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)较其单药显著降低，具有明显的抗菌增效作用。 相似文献
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为指导兽医临床中应用阿莫西林纳米粒治疗沙门菌病的给药方案,利用显微镜直接计数法测定了阿莫西林纳米粒对沙门菌的体外抗菌后效应(PAE)。结果表明:阿莫西林纳米粒在(0.5～4)×MIC的药物浓度范围内对沙门菌产生的PAE约在1.6～4 h,且PAE与药物浓度呈正相关,4×MIC时的PAE值较长,与1×MIC和0.5×MIC时均差异极显著(P<0.01),与2×MIC时差异显著(P<0.05)。结果说明,临床应用阿莫西林纳米粒治疗沙门菌病时,除了考虑药效学指标和药动学参数外,还应考虑PAE因素,可适当延长给药间隔时间。 相似文献
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采用菌落计数法测定了单诺沙星在三种不同浓度下对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌 (金葡球菌 )的体外抗菌后效应 (PAE)。当药物浓度为 0 .5MIC、2MIC、4MIC时 ,对大肠杆菌的PAE值为 (0 .6 4 6 4± 0 .0 2 94 )h、(1.2 0 77± 0 .0 2 84 )h、(1.6 5 2 9± 0 .0 4 96 )h ;对金葡球菌的PAE值为 (0 .5 6 6 0± 0 .0 0 75 )h、(1.174 6± 0 .0 0 5 7)h、(1.4 913± 0 .0 2 5 7)h。这表明单诺沙星对大肠杆菌、金葡球菌均有不同程度的较强的PAE ,且PAE值与药物浓度呈正相关 相似文献
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《畜牧兽医科技信息》2020,(7)
目的:通过同时使用泰妙菌素、多西环素对金黄色葡萄球菌体外抗生素后效应(PAE)的研究,分析两者联合治疗金黄色葡萄球菌感染的有效性。方法:分别测定当药物泰妙菌素、多西环素、泰妙菌素+多西环素以不同浓度用于金黄色葡萄球菌时的数值,并观察比较。结果:多西环素、泰妙菌素对金黄色葡萄球菌有较长的PAE,且随着药物浓度不断增加,其PAE也相应地延长,对剂量有显著的依赖性。结论:同时使用泰妙菌素、多西环素对金黄色葡萄球菌的体外PAE呈现相加或协同作用。 相似文献
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用氨苄西林、阿莫西林、庆大霉素和阿米卡星 4种抗生素在体外作用大肠杆菌后 ,观察细菌菌量、形态变化及诱发内毒素释放的情况。结果表明 ,4种抗生素均对大肠杆菌有较好的杀菌作用 ,最小抑菌质量浓度分别为 2、2、1、0 .5mg/ L。氨苄西林和阿莫西林以不同浓度作用大肠杆菌后 ,可使菌体产生丝状体 ,尤其在 0 .5 MIC时 ,丝状体产生的量最为显著 ,这 2种药使菌体发生丝状变化的程度不一 ,尤以氨苄西林更甚。庆大霉素和阿米卡星作用大肠杆菌后 ,菌体形态未发生变化 ,但菌量明显下降。杀菌液中内毒素含量测定结果表明 ,氨苄西林和阿莫西林在不同浓度 (0 .5、2、4、8MIC)及不同作用时间 (0、2、4、6、8h)与对照组相比 ,均显著 (P<0 .0 5 )增加大肠杆菌内毒素的释放 ,且氨苄西林诱发内毒素释放的量显著 (P<0 .0 5 )高于阿莫西林 ,不同药物浓度诱发内毒素释放量的顺序为 0 .5 MIC>2 MIC>4 MIC>8MIC,不同作用时间内毒素释放量的顺序为 8h>6 h>4 h>2 h>0 h。庆大霉素和阿米卡星在不同药物浓度 (0 .5、2、4、8MIC)及不同作用时间 (0、2、4、6、8h)与对照组比较 ,可显著 (P<0 .0 5 )降低大肠杆菌内毒素的释放 ,但这 2种药间相比 ,差异不显著 (P>0 .0 5 )。 相似文献
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为研究阿莫西林与硫酸黏菌素对奶牛乳房炎病原菌的体外抗菌活性,本试验选择139株奶牛乳房炎临床分离菌株,采用微量肉汤稀释法,测定了阿莫西林、硫酸黏菌素单用及其联合用药对以上3种主要致病菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果:阿莫西林对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌的MIC范围分别为:2.0~512.0μg/m L、0.125~128.0μg/m L和0.125~1.0μg/m L;硫酸黏菌素对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌的MIC范围分别为0.5~8.0μg/m L、32.0~128.0μg/m L和64.0~1 024.0μg/m L。二者联用后,对20株奶牛乳房炎大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌FIC平均值分别为0.91、0.85、1.25,对所有菌株的FIC平均值为0.93。结果表明,阿莫西林对链球菌高度敏感;对大肠杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌适度敏感;硫酸黏菌素对引起奶牛乳房炎的大肠杆菌表现出较高的敏感性,对金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌的敏感性较低。阿莫西林与硫酸黏菌素联用后,对3种受试菌主要呈现相加作用。 相似文献
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氟苯尼考对鳗鲡常见致病菌体外抗菌后效应研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用试管液体二倍稀释法测定氟苯尼考对鳗鲡养殖中常见主要致病菌（肠杆菌B01、克雷伯氏菌B12、豚鼠气单胞菌B15和嗜水气单胞菌B20）的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）,用菌落计数法分别测定氟苯尼考在0.5、1、2、4倍于各菌MIC时对鳗鲡致病菌株B01、B12、B15、B20体外抗菌后效应（PAE）。结果氟苯尼考在0.5、1、2、4倍MIC值时对鳗鲡致病菌株B01、B12、B15、B20均具有一定的PAE,且PAE与药物浓度在一定范围内（0.5-4倍MIC）呈剂量依赖关系,当药物浓度达4倍MIC时,PAE明显延长,分别为2.5±0.165、3.0±0.038、5.0±0.090和5.0±0.232h;氟苯尼考对B01、B12、B15、B20的PAE值在2倍MIC时差异较显著,在4倍MIC时对致病菌株B15和B20的PAE几乎无差异。相同浓度氟苯尼考对致病菌株B01和B12的PAE值明显低于B15和B20。结果提示在养殖鳗鲡病害防治中设计投药方案时,对常见致病菌B01、B12、B15和B20感染所造成的细菌性败血症、烂鳃、肝胆肿大等疾病,除了考虑药代动力学和MIC指标外,还需考虑PAE因素,可适当延长给药间隔时间,降低药物对鳗鲡的副作用及对其摄食量和生长的负面影响。 相似文献
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恩诺沙星和环丙沙星对金葡菌的抗菌后效应及抗菌后亚抑菌浓度效应 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
报告了抗菌后效应 (postantibiotic effect,PAE)、抗菌后亚抑菌浓度效应 (postantibiotic sub- MIC effect,PASME)、亚抑菌浓度效应 (sub- MIC effect,SME)研究的方法学和恩诺沙星、环丙沙星对金葡菌抗菌后效应及抗菌后亚抑菌浓度效应的研究结果。试验表明 :2、4MIC的恩诺沙星对金葡菌的 PAE为 1.0 3、1.5 0 h,1/2、1、2、4MIC的环丙沙星的 PAE为 0 .5 1、0 .88、1.47、1.92 h;1/8、1/4、1/2 MIC的恩诺沙星对经 4MIC药物诱导 1h的金葡菌可产生0 .38、1.15、>12 .31h的 PASME,1/8、1/4、1/2 MIC的环丙沙星的 PASME为 2 .6 9、>10 .17、>13.17h;1/8、1/4、1/2 MIC的恩诺沙星和环丙沙星对金葡菌产生的 SME分别为 0 .40、0 .91、>9.44 h和 0 .42、1.14、>9.0 2 h。上述结果说明 ,PAE、PASME和 SME的大小与药物浓度呈正相关 ,且环丙沙星比恩诺沙星对金葡菌有更长的效应 相似文献
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Klimiene I Ruzauskas M Spakauskas V Matusevicius A Mockeliūnas R Pereckiene A Butrimaite-Ambrozeviciene C Virgailis M 《Polish journal of veterinary sciences》2011,14(3):467-472
The aim of the study was to isolate gram-positive cocci from cows with mastitis and to determine their resistance to beta-lactamic antibiotics. Eight hundred and nine strains were isolated and identified as staphylococci (n=516), streptococci (n=199) and enterococci (n=94) from sub-clinical and clinical cases of bovine mastitis in Lithuania. The most common causative agents of udder disease included: S. epidermidis (n=176), S. aureus (n=176), S. agalactiae (n=134), S. hyicus (136) and E. hirae (n=68). Isolates were analysed for antimicrobial resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalothin, cephalexin, amoxicillin + clavulanate. The susceptibility patterns were analysed using the agar disk diffusion method. S. aureus showed the highest level of resistance to amoxicillin (81.3%), penicillin (76.7%) and ampicillin (78.4%). The corresponding values for CNS strains were 59.7%, 59.7% and 50.6% against penicillin, ampicillin and amoxicillin respectively. Streptococci were the most frequently resistant to amoxicillin (29.3%), and enterococci to penicillin (27%), amoxicillin (27.5%) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (23.8%). The resistance of all tested mastitis pathogens to aminopenicillins and penicillin highly correlated (r=0.83). Compared with other antibiotics, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid combination tended to be more effective (p<0.05) against all tested bacteria in vitro. However, S. aureus, in 38.1% of cases, was resistant to this combination of antimicrobials. This study demonstrates that S. epidermidis, S. aureus, S. hyicus, S. agalactiae and E. hirae remain the most frequent mastitis causative agents on Lithuanian cattle farms. The highest resistance in vitro to penicillins was demonstrated by S. aureus, S. hyicus and S. intermedius. Resistance to cephalosporins remains low, irrespective of bacterial species of gram-positive cocci. 相似文献
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Tanigawa M Sawada T 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2003,50(9):436-442
The pharmacodynamic effects of amoxicillin against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae at exposure concentration above and below minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were evaluated in both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the growth and morphological change of A. pleuropneumoniae in culture medium was observed. In vivo, the efficacy of amoxicillin on experimentally induced A. pleuropneumoniae infection in disease-free pigs was evaluated. Fifteen pigs were divided into three groups (n = 5 per group). After the onset of clinical respiratory disease symptoms, 6 h post-infection, amoxicillin sustained-release injectable formulation was injected intramuscularly at 7.5 mg/kg/day (group I) and 15 mg/kg/day (group II). Then the serum concentration of amoxicillin was measured. An untreated infected group served as controls. In each amoxicillin administration group, if symptoms were not absent after 48 h, the pig was injected with the amoxicillin sustained-release injectable formulation again using the same dosage. In vitro, the growth of A. pleuropneumoniae inhibited by amoxicillin exposure at the concentration above the MIC (1.28 x MIC), and the inhibition time was in directly proportion to the time of amoxicillin exposure. Moreover, all the cells were lysed. Whereas the bacterial growth inhibition at the amoxicillin exposure concentration below the MIC (0.25 x MIC) was not done, and the shape of cells were normal or long filamentous. In vivo, the group I clinical and pathological score was higher than the group II, and the group I weight gain was significantly less than the group II. Performance with respect to weight gain corresponded with clinical signs. The infected control group was severely affected with an 80% (4/5) mortality rate 24-96 h post-challenge. The duration of time above MIC (T > MIC) of serum amoxicillin concentration in the group I was less than group II. The present studies suggest that amoxicillin has exposure time-dependent bactericidal activity against A. pleuropneumoniae. 相似文献
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穿心莲水提物与10种临床常用抗菌药联用的体外抑菌试验 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为研究穿心莲水提物与临床常用10种抗菌药联用对鸡致病性大肠杆菌的体外抑菌效果,本试验采用传统的水提法制备穿心莲中药液并浓缩至浓度为1 g/mL,用琼脂平板稀释法测定穿心莲水提物分别与阿莫西林、头孢曲松等10种常用抗菌药物联用对临床分离的10株鸡致病性大肠杆菌的体外抑菌作用。结果表明,穿心莲和头孢曲松、穿心莲和氟苯尼考联用100%呈现协同作用;穿心莲和头孢噻呋联用90%呈现协同作用,10%呈现无关作用;穿心莲和大观霉素联用80%呈现协同作用,20%呈现无关作用;穿心莲和林可霉素联用50%呈现协同作用,40%为无关或颉颃作用,10%为无关作用;穿心莲与阿莫西林、安普霉素、阿米卡星、多西环素、恩诺沙星联用以无关或颉颃作用为主。以上结果表明,在体外,穿心莲与头孢曲松、头孢噻呋、大观霉素、氟苯尼考联用对鸡致病性大肠杆菌呈现协同作用,与阿莫西林、安普霉素、阿米卡星、林可霉素、多西环素、恩诺沙星联用呈现无关或颉颃作用。 相似文献
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Tanigawa M Sawada T 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2002,49(10):513-518
The bactericidal effects of amoxicillin at below minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae NB001 were studied in vitro and in vivo. In vivo, the efficacy of amoxicillin on experimentally induced A. pleuropneumoniae infection in disease-free pigs was evaluated. Nine pigs were divided into three groups and all three groups were housed in the same room. Group I pigs were given long-acting amoxicillin injection 22 h prior to A. pleuropneumoniae challenge. Group II pigs were also A. pleuropneumoniae challenged but not given long-acting amoxicillin. Group III pigs were not treated. In vitro, A. pleuropneumoniae growth was suppressed in porcine blood with amoxicillin at below MIC. In vivo, clinical signs of disease were absent or mild in group I during 50 h post-challenge, and serum amoxicillin concentration was already less than MIC from 15 h post-challenge. Infected group II controls were severely affected by the infection, and mortality reached 100% within 50 h post-challenge. All non-treated pigs in group III became infected with NB001 from infected control pigs, and they displayed severe clinical signs of disease within 24 h post-challenge of groups I and II, and died within 50 h post-challenge of groups I and II. 相似文献
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Cefquinome is known for its use as an antibacterial drug in cattle and pigs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of cefquinome against equine pathogenic bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cefquinome was determined for a total of 205 strains, which had recently been isolated in Europe from diseased horses (respiratory infection, foal septicaemia). The bactericidal activity was tested against 19 strains using the time killing method. The post-antibiotic effect (PAE) and post-antibiotic sub-MIC effect (PA SME) were determined against 12 strains. Cefquinome showed high activity against Actinobacillus equuli and streptococci (MIC(90) of 0.016 and 0.032microg/mL), Enterobacteriaceae (MIC(90)=0.125microg/mL) and staphylococci (MIC(90)=0.5microg/mL). The activity was limited against Rhodococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Cefquinome was shown to be a time dependent bactericidal antibiotic against the target pathogens, killing occurring at a concentration close to the MIC. A PAE of 0.5-10h was calculated against streptococci whereas no PAE was observed for Escherichia coli. A longer PA SME was determined for streptococci (3.3 to >24h with a killing effect) and E. coli (0.5-13.9h). Cefquinome was shown to have a broad spectrum of activity which covers many equine pathogens. 相似文献
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本试验以真菌防御素Plectasin衍生肽NZ2114和奶牛乳房炎源金黄色葡萄球菌为研究对象,旨在阐明抗菌肽NZ2114对金黄色葡萄球菌的体外抗菌机制及其阻遏金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性的效果。通过16S rRNA基因鉴定对55份乳房炎奶样中的病原菌进行分离鉴定,采用纸片扩散法检测其耐药性,通过微量稀释法测定抗菌肽NZ2114对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性,借助流式细胞术和扫描电镜观察抗菌肽NZ2114对金黄色葡萄球菌细胞膜完整性及细胞形态的影响,通过凝胶阻滞和圆二色谱分析抗菌肽NZ2114对金黄色葡萄球菌基因组DNA的影响,将抗菌肽NZ2114与金黄色葡萄球菌共同孵育以研究抗菌肽NZ2114对金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性的影响,通过PCR进一步分析抗菌肽NZ2114对金黄色葡萄球菌携带的耐药基因的影响。结果表明,共获得10株金黄色葡萄球菌,分离菌对青霉素等9种抗菌药具有耐药性,且50%为多重耐药。抗菌肽NZ2114对10株金黄色葡萄球菌具有强抑菌活性,最小抑菌浓度（MIC）为0.5~1.0 μg/mL。抗菌肽NZ2114可导致金黄色葡萄球菌S7细胞皱缩、细胞内容物泄漏,甚至细胞裂解,碘化丙啶（PI）细胞膜穿透率达5%,且抗菌肽NZ2114可与金黄色葡萄球菌S7基因组DNA结合并改变其DNA结构。金黄色葡萄球菌与1/4×MIC抗菌肽NZ2114孵育12 h后发现,除对阿莫西林和磺胺异噁唑的耐药率没有降低外,对其他抗菌药的耐药率均有不同程度的降低（10%~40%）,且抗菌肽NZ2114对β-内酰胺类耐药基因（blaZ）及杆菌肽类耐药基因（braRS）的消除率分别达28.57%（2/7）和22.22%（2/9）。上述结果证明,抗菌肽NZ2114对耐药金黄色葡萄球菌具有体外强抑菌活性,其干扰耐药金黄色葡萄球菌细胞膜并结合胞内DNA的作用机制为其低耐药杀菌机制奠定了细胞学基础。同时抗菌肽NZ2114对耐药菌株的耐药性及相关耐药基因均有一定消除作用。由此可见,抗菌肽NZ2114是一种极具前景的治疗金黄色葡萄球菌引起的奶牛乳房炎的抗生素替代品。 相似文献
19.
16味蒙药对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌O8的体外抑菌效果研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为筛选对奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌金黄色葡萄球菌（S.aureus）和大肠杆菌O8（E.coli O8）具有良好抑菌作用的蒙药,本试验采用牛津杯法测定金银花、黄连、何首乌、地榆、五味子、秦皮、穿心莲、甘草、蒲公英、夏枯草、虎杖、柴胡、黄柏、苦参、石榴皮、板蓝根16味蒙药的抑菌圈直径,微量稀释法和平板法测定蒙药的最小抑菌浓度（minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（minimal bactericidal concentration,MBC）,棋盘法测定敏感蒙药对E.coli O8和S.aureus的协同指数（fractional inhibitory concentration index,FICI）。结果显示,黄柏、金银花、黄连、五味子、蒲公英、秦皮6味蒙药对S.aureus的抑菌圈直径为10.22~22.44 mm,MIC为15.6~250 mg/mL;五味子、金银花、黄连、秦皮4味蒙药对E.coli O8的抑菌圈直径为11.29~26.41 mm,MIC为15.6~500 mg/mL;黄柏与黄连联合用药对S.aureus的FICI为0.36,为协同作用,黄连与地榆联合用药对E.coli O8的FICI为0.48,为协同作用。综上所述,金银花、黄连、五味子、秦皮、蒲公英、黄柏6味蒙药对S.aureus综合抑菌效果达极敏或高敏;金银花、黄连、五味子、秦皮4味蒙药对E.coli O8综合抑菌效果达极敏或高敏,黄柏、黄连、秦皮在抑制S.aureus的组方中可优先考虑,黄连与地榆在抑制E.coli O8的组方中可优先考虑。 相似文献