共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Summary Eight controlled crosses were made between seven different sweet-kerneled almond cultivars (Prunus dulcis [Mill.] D. A. Webb), and five crosses were made between sweet x highly floriferous bitter almond clones. Sweet x bitter progenies out-yielded the sweet x sweet matings by more than three to one in the first year of production. This was attributable to greater cropping efficiency rather than to tree size or precocity. There was no pleiotropic association or association due to linkage between bitterness and yield. The selected Alnem (bitter) clones appear to be potentially useful progenitors for increasing almond yield capacity by conventional breeding methodology. 相似文献
2.
Raquel Sánchez-Pérez Encarnación Ortega Henri Duval Pedro Martínez-Gómez Federico Dicenta 《Euphytica》2007,155(3):381-391
The inheritance of 16 important agronomic traits and its relationship were studied for four years in a population of 167 almond
[P. dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] seedlings obtained from a cross between the French selection ‘R1000’ (‘Tardy Nonpareil’ × ‘Tuono’) and
the Spanish cultivar ‘Desmayo Largueta’. For some traits (blooming and leafing date) descendants segregated between the value
of both progenitors, meanwhile for others the mean of the offspring was lower (bloom density, productivity and ripening date)
or higher (in-shell/kernel ratio and double kernels). As expected, kernel bitterness and self-incompatibility behaved as monogenic
traits. Some important correlations between traits were detected. The implications of the transmission and the correlation
of these traits in the breeding programmes are discussed. 相似文献
3.
Summary Through recurrent selection and progeny testing, five bitter almond genotypes have indicated dominance of resistance for the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica.All progenies from reciprocal crosses of resistant bitter almonds x susceptible sweet almonds were found completely resistant in four out of five bitter almond progenies. One selection showed near complete dominance of resistance. Progenies of resistant peach x susceptible almond cultivars segregate as to resistance, thus pointing to a possibly different mode of inheritance of nematode resistance in resistant peach as compared with almond. 相似文献
4.
Combining Ability in Almond 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2483 almond seedlings developed from 42 crosses between 12 parents were studied for three years (1989, 1990 and 1991). General and specific combining ability was determined for six traits (all years) and eight traits (1989 only). Additive factors are largely responsible for the genetic control of all traits, non-additive factors being of importance for the density of flowering and particularly for the density of production, time and duration of maturation and double kernels. The results permit the correct choice of parents and crosses for future breeding programmes and provide a better insight into the genetic control of the traits studied. 相似文献
5.
Summary Fruit acidity as such appears to be gouverned by a single major gene, low acidity being a recessive character. The additional genetic variation is explainable by the additive gene action model. This mode of inheritance causes the pH distribution of seedlings in progenies to shift with a higher mid-parent pH towards more low-acid cum sweet (pH 3.8) and fewer high-acid cum sour (pH 2.9) seedlings or vice versa with a lower midparent pH. As a result, in crosses between heterozygotes (Mama) the total proportion of undesirable seedlings -low plus high-acid ones-, remains similar, irrespective of the mid-parent pH. This proportion constituted about one third of the seedlings. A same proportion, but of mainly sour plants, was found in crosses between relatively acid homozygotes (Mama) or between these and similar heterozygotes. It was less than one quarter if the heterozygous partner was medium-acid and a few percentages only when both the homozygous and heterozygous partner were medium-acid. Choosing parents in the absence of information, chances are that the very large majority of the medium-acid types are heterozygotes, that among the relatively acid ones one in two is homozygous and that the odds to find homozygotes among the sour types are probably best. Attention was drawn to the importance of a high sugar content — which is quantitatively inherited — in parents with a relatively low pH to increase the chances of selecting seedlings with a good sugar/acid ratio. 相似文献
6.
以姜母鸭为研究对象,探究不同加工方式对其感官风味的影响.通过TS-5000Z味觉分析系统和食品感官属性强度分析方法,对烤制、卤制和炒制姜母鸭的5种基本味(酸、甜、苦、咸、鲜)和涩味进行评价,并就加工方式和味觉进行相关性分析.结果表明,味觉分析系统分析发现,姜母鸭的有效味觉指标为甜、苦、咸、鲜和涩味,食品感官分析与之相比缺少了涩味作为有效味觉指标.炒制版的涩味和苦味均明显高于烤制版和卤制版,烤制版和卤制版在苦涩味方面非常接近;三者在鲜味方面差异很小,但在丰富性上存在明显不同,炒制版的鲜味回味(丰富性)远高于另外两种加工方式,同样炒制版姜母鸭的咸味也是最强的.利用SIMCA对姜母鸭的加工方式与味觉进行主成分(PCA)分析显示,烤制版和卤制版姜母鸭与炒制版姜母鸭能够利用电子舌系统得到显著区分,烤制版和卤制版接近;丰富性、咸味、苦味、苦味回味的聚类位置与炒制版姜母鸭相似,鲜味在炒制版姜母鸭过原点的相反位置.综上,烤制版姜母鸭和卤制版姜母鸭在味觉上相近,炒制版姜母鸭与之差异显著,为探究加工方式对呈味物质的影响机理提供参考. 相似文献
7.
Summary Retention of pollen grains following natural self-pollination was evaluated in 15 cultivars (cvs.) of almond, 4 peach and 2 nectarine cvs., and 37 interspecific peach × almond hybrids compared to 7 almond seedlings. The level of pollen retention was presumed to reflect and integrate the degree of homogamy, the amount of pollen produced by the flower, the extent of anther-stigma contact during anthesis, and the level of pollen germination. Pollen retention averaged 5 times greater in the peach and nectarine cvs. than in the almond cvs. The greater pollen retention, characteristic of the peach, was dominant in expression in the interspecific F1 hybrids over the lower levels of pollen retention, characteristic of the almond. Thus, gametophytic self-incompatibility is not the only trait supporting outcrossing in the almond. Our data are consistent with the concept of co-evolution of floral traits relating to different breeding strategies. The level of pollen retention could often be anticipated at anthesis on the basis of blossom phenotype. That is, stigma-anther contact was observed frequently in the blossoms of peach, nectarine, and the peach × almond F1 hybrids, but only infrequently in almond. 相似文献
8.
Homozygous self-compatible almond cultivars have not been reported. It is unclear if they are more inferior than heterozygotes
or simply have not yet been detected. To investigate if homozygous individual are generally inferior, the self-compatibility
genotype, homozygous or heterozygous, was determined by stylar ribonuclease assay in a population of 241 almond trees obtained
by self-fertilisation of self-compatible selections. The resulting zymograms showed that 129 of the seedlings were homozygous
and 112 heterozygous. For three years the differences observed between these two classes of self-compatible individuals were
analysed with respect to 16 agronomic characteristics. In general, there were no important differences between the two classes.
Both showed a low degree of productivity, probably as a result of their inbred origin. Some selected homozygous individuals
were used in crosses, which were planned so as to ensure the self-compatibility of 100% of the descendants and to eliminate
the laborious task of testing the seedlings for self-compatibility.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
O. M. B. De Ponti 《Euphytica》1980,29(2):261-265
Summary The bitter cucumber variety Improved Long Green did not differ in resistance to the twospotted spider mite from its near isogenic non-bitter mutant, the source of all non-bitter varieties. Four pairs of near isogenic bitter and non-bitter varieties gave similar results. Therefore any causal relation between bitterness and resistance is denied. 相似文献
10.
Tatsuro Suzuki Toshikazu Morishita Yuji Mukasa Shigenobu Takigawa Satoshi Yokota Koji Ishiguro Takahiro Noda 《Breeding Science》2014,64(4):339-343
In a screening of about 500 lines of Tartary buckwheat, we identified lines that contained no detectable rutinosidase isozymes using an in-gel detection assay. We confirmed that seeds of these individuals had only a trace level of in-vitro rutinosidase activity. To investigate the heritability of the trace-rutinosidase characteristic, we analyzed the progeny of crosses between rutinosidase trace-lines, ‘f3g-162’, and the ‘Hokkai T8’. The F2 progeny clearly divided into two groups: those with rutinosidase activity under 1.5 nkat/g seed (trace-rutinosidase) and those with activity over 400 nkat/g seed (normal rutinosidase). The segregation pattern of this trait in F2 progeny exhibited 1 : 3 ratio (trace-rutinosidase : normal rutinosidase), suggesting that the trace-rutinosidase trait is conferred by a single recessive gene; rutinosidase-trace A (rutA). In addition, sensory panelists evaluated the bitterness of flour from trace-rutinosidase individuals and did not detect bitterness, whereas flour from normal rutinosidase individuals was found to have strong bitterness. Although at least three bitter compounds have been reported in Tartary buckwheat seeds, our present findings indicate that rutin hydrolysis is the major contributing factor to bitterness. In addition, the trace-rutinosidase line identified here, ‘f3g-162’, is a promising material for generating a non-bitter Tartary buckwheat variety. 相似文献
11.
Summary The inheritance of resistance to the twospotted spider mite and of bitterness in cucumber has been studied in three sets of P1, P2, F1, F2, B11 and B12 of crosses between three bitter, resistant lines and one non-bitter, susceptible line. Resistance to the twospotted spider mite as measured by acceptance and oviposition appeared to be determined by several to many genes, which are inherited mainly in an additive fashion. Bitterness is basically governed by the gene Bi, which, contrary to earlier reports, is inherited in an intermediary way, while the expression of Bi is influenced by additively inherited intensifier genes. Whereas Bi and the bitterness intensifier genes are not related to the resistance factors acceptance and oviposition, they are related to resistance or tolerance as measured by the damage index. This relation is explained by linkage rather than by identity of the genes concerned. Changes in the test methods and breeding consequences are discussed. 相似文献
12.
María Elena Cartea Víctor Manuel Rodríguez Antonio de Haro Pablo Velasco Amando Ordás 《Euphytica》2008,159(1-2):111-122
Glucosinolate levels in leaves were determined in a collection of 36 varieties of nabicol (Brassica napus
pabularia group) from northwestern Spain grown at two locations. Crude protein, acid detergent fibre, and sensory traits were also
assessed by a consumer panel. The objectives were to determine the diversity among varieties in total glucosinolate content
and glucosinolate profile and to evaluate their sensory attributes in relation to glucosinolate content for breeding purposes.
Eight glucosinolates were identified, being the aliphatic glucosinolates, glucobrassicanapin, progoitrin, and gluconapin the
most abundant. Glucosinolate composition varied between locations although the glucosinolate pattern was not significantly
influenced. Differences in total glucosinolate content, glucosinolate profile, protein, acid detergent fibre, and flavour
were found among varieties. The total glucosinolate content ranged from 1.4 μmol g−1 to 41.0 μmol g−1 dw at one location and from 1.2 μmol g−1 to 7.6 μmol g−1 dw at the other location. Sensory analysis comparing bitterness and flavour with variation in glucosinolate, gluconapin, progoitrin,
and glucobrassicanapin concentrations suggested that other phytochemicals are probably involved on the characteristic flavour.
The variety MBG-BRS0035 had high total glucosinolate, glucobrassicanapin, and gluconapin contents at both locations and could
be included in breeding programs to improve the nutritional value of this vegetable crop. 相似文献
13.
The results from the evaluation of apricot seedlings for resistance to the plum pox potyvirus (sharka) are presented. The susceptibility of 291 seedlings from 19 different crosses, most of them between resistant and susceptible cultivars, was determined. The results obtained seem to indicate that the resistance to plum pox potyvirus in apricot is controlled by a single gene, where resistance would be a dominant trait and the resistant parents used would be heterozygous for this trait. Since the resistance appeared to behave as a quantitative trait during the evaluation process, the hypothesis of a monogenic control is discussed. 相似文献
14.
Summary The inheritance of stemsweetness in sorghum has followed a qualitative pattern, non-sweet being monogenically dominant over sweet. Hence sweetness was controlled by a single recessive gene. A maternal effect was not involved for the expression of sweetness. 相似文献
15.
The inheritance of important aroma compounds is demonstrated by the use of a model population of Fragaria × ananassa . Two cultivars were chosen for the crossing, 'Mieze Schindler' and 'Elsanta', which differ strongly in pedigree, phenotype, and fruit traits, including flavour. Two hundred seedlings of this cross-combination were randomly selected from a population of 438 seedlings and propagated, with three plants per seedling. Aroma analysis was performed by automated headspace solid phase micro-extraction in combination with non-targeted data analysis (pattern recognition). This method can assist breeding programmes by the preparation and analysis of hundreds of samples by a simple procedure. The method was backed up by the substance identification using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Data processing of 78 detectable volatile compounds by ChromstatTM in the F1 population showed very high variability of the volatile patterns. The ester methyl anthranilate (MA) is a discriminative key compound, being present only in the mother cultivar 'Mieze Schindler', and not detectable in 'Elsanta'. Methyl anthranilate was detectable in one fourth of the F1 population. This low degree of inheritance shows that this important compound is easily lost in the breeding process, which could explain why all investigated modern cultivars do not contain MA. The results are valuable for the choice of breeding partners and for selection in seedling populations. 相似文献
16.
Summary Studies on the inheritance pattern of bacterial leaf spot (BLS), yellow mosaic (YM) and Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) reactions in crosses of BLS and YM resistant/tolerant but CLS susceptible × CLS resistant but BLS and YM susceptible parents indicated that resistances to BLS and CLS were governed by single dominant genes, whereas YM tolerance was a monogenic recessive character. The studies also indicated that these three genes were inherited independently. The simple inheritance pattern and independent assortment of the genes governing resistance/tolerance to these diseases suggest that the usual breeding methods will be adequate to develop multi-disease resistant mungbean cultivars.Paper XII in the series Studies on resistance in crops to bacterial diseases in India. 相似文献
17.
早熟油桃紫金红1号亲本的SSR鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
油桃新品种紫金红1号是从早熟油桃中实生选育的,果实经济性状优良.以23个疑似亲本的油桃品种为试材,利用SSR标记共显性的特点,进行了紫金红1号亲本鉴定.SSR-PCR扩增结果表明,163对SSR引物中有48对能在试材中扩增出多态性良好、谱带清晰的产物,其中17对SSR引物扩增出的20个SSR位点呈现共显性带型.基于185个SSR等位基因信息的亲缘关系分析发现,紫金红1号与早红2号之间的亲缘关系最近,相似系数为0.881,在树状图上也聚为一类.经共显性SSR位点遗传规律分析,使用3个SSR引物(CPPCT15、BPPCT031、UDP96-018)的扩增位点,可排除早红2号以外的其他品种作为紫金红1号亲本的可能.认为早红2号自交获得紫金红1号可能性很大,或至少是其亲本之一. 相似文献
18.
T. Sugimoto K. Tamaki J. Matsumoto Y. Yamamoto K. Shiwaku K. Watanabe 《Plant Breeding》2005,124(5):498-501
To identify markers for the everbearing gene in strawberries, 199 F1 progeny plants were produced from a cross between ‘Ever Berry’ (a Japanese everbearing strawberry) and ‘Toyonoka’ (a Japanese Junebearing strawberry) as the experimental population. The results of flowering tests produced 97 everbears and 102 Junebears. The chi‐square test gave a goodness of fit for the expected ratio of 1 : 1 for everbears to Junebears, suggesting the inheritance of the everbearing trait is controlled by a monogenic dominant gene. RAPD analyses on this trait were carried out using ‘Ever Berry’ and ‘Toyonoka’. Seventy‐one primers, which produced 89 polymorphic fragments between the two parents, were identified from a total of 175 primers. Five markers relating to the everbearing trait were selected from 26 of the 199 progeny plants. The remaining 173 seedlings were analysed with these five markers and a linkage map was constructed using all of the 199 F1 progeny plants. The length of this linkage group is 39.7 cM. The closest markers found, OPE07‐1 and OPB05‐1, are respectively mapped at 11.8 and 15.8 cM on each side of the everbearing gene. 相似文献
19.
Summary The objectives of this study were to determine if genes for resistance to soybean cyst nematode (SCN) in soybean PI 437654 were identical or different from the genes in Peking, and PI 90763. The F2 plants and F3 families were studied from crosses between PI 437654, Peking, and PI 90763. The cross PI 437654 × susceptible Essex was included to determine inheritance of resistance to SCN. For Race 3, PI 437654 was found to have genes in common with Peking and PI 90763. The segregation in PI 437654 × Essex indicated the presence of one dominant and two recessive genes. For Race 5, PI 437654 indicated the presence of similar genes as those in PI 90763 and Peking whereas, PI 437654 × Essex indicated the action of the segregation ratios of two dominant and two recessive genes. For Race 14, the data from the cross PI 437654 × PI 90763 indicated monogenic inheritance with resistance being dominant; whereas PI 437654 × Peking showed a recessive gene controlling resistance. The segregation in PI 437654(R) × Essex(S) suggested one dominant and two recessive genes for Race 14 reaction. 相似文献
20.
Paul E. Hansche 《Euphytica》1990,49(3):263-271
Summary Dwarf peach trees require only 1/4th the space of standard trees and thus reduce the cost of experiments in which the tree is the experimental unit, by 75%. Or, put another way, they facilitate estimates of tree performance, in experiments of the same size, that are 50% more precise than those obtainable from standard trees. The objective of this study was to determine if the almond tree could be genetically compressed (dwarfed) to facilitate discrimination of genetic and cultural manipulation on its productivity, to facilitate genetic manipulation, and to increase its productive efficiency.The results obtained indicate the almond tree can be dwarfed (compressed), by the dw gene of peach. interspecific crosses of dwarf (dw/dw) peach, P. persica, with almond, P. amygdalus, followed by backcrosses to almond revealed: 1. Plant stature and node density vary widely among the dwarf (dw/dw) inter species hybrids. The heritabilities of these traits are high. 2. Spur density also varies widely. Its mean is high and its heritability is very high. 3. The dwarf inter species hybrids produce flowers copiously. However, at 22 months of age the flowers of most seedlings are sterile, apparently due to abnormal pistils. Consequently, average productivity is very low. However, some of these dwarf P. persica × P. amygdalus hybrids do express moderate to high productivity. Further, the heritability of productivity, among the seedlings expressing some degree of fertility, is very high. Consequently, further backcrosses to almond are expected to rapidly restore fertility and productivity. The yield potential of dw/dw dwarf almonds will remain unknown until fertility is restored. 相似文献