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相思类树种种质资源收集保存研究 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11
通过２０多年（１９７４年－１９９６年）相思类树种种质资源迁地保存研究，共收集到６３个相民种质资源进行育苗造林保存。结果表明：大部分相思类树种以适应因地条件而死亡，现仅保存１９个树种，其中１６种正常开花结实，根据各处相思的树高和胸径生长表现，可分为速生型，次速生型和慢生型三种类型。速生型和乔木树种，如马占相思、大叶相思、卷荚相思、纹荚大果相思等；平均年生长量树高达１．８ｍ以上，胸径生长１．５ｃｍ以上 相似文献
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东江中上游水土保持林营建技术及效应浅析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从植物营养、土壤科学和恢复生态学的角度全面系统地总结了东江中上游水土保持林的营建技术，并对其效应及演变进行了监测，取得了如下主要结果：(1)选择出适应于该区的先锋、速生和伴生树种，其主要代表种为肯氏相思、红胶木和红锥。(2)严重水土流失区侵蚀土壤不仅缺乏大量元素，也缺乏微量元素，B的缺乏特别典型，显著地影响尾叶桉的生长。(3)种植模式显著影响水土保持的效果，以乔灌草模式效果好。(4)组装配套技术营建的水土保持示范林，使“烂头山”当年植被覆盖率提高40％以上。既能在短期内减少水土流失，又能改善林地环境条件让慢生树种生长，最终形成多树种混交和稳定有效的水源涵养林，可望逐渐向地带性植被群落演变。 相似文献
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在被当地群众称之为“烂头山”的水土严重流失地区，引入原产澳大利亚的耐旱相思后，成功地改变了荒山秃岭的面貌，初步控制了水土流失。经过３ａ连续试验和观测，在１８个树种４９个种源中，初步筛选出并行相思１７０２４、１７１４１号种源；大叶相思１６３５５、１６１４７、１６４８４号种源；黄花相思１５４８１、１４９６８、１４５９０号种源；薄荚相思１６１１０、１５４７８号种源；鞘尾相思１７９０６、１７０５０号种源；丝毛相思１６６４３、１５７３２号种源；厚荚相思９１０００号种源；大花相思１４６６８号种源；巴氏相思１７７１８、１５４８０、１６１３４号种源等９个树种１９个种源，这些树种与种源适应性强，速生，生物量大，植后当年即可郁闭，枯枝落叶覆盖了林地，初步起到保持水土的作用。 相似文献
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5种阔叶树种在华南地区的早期生长表现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《热带林业》2016,(2)
以广东省台山市5种树种的幼苗为试验材料,测定其冠幅、树高、胸径、叶面积和叶干重,检验其相关关系,并进行聚类分析。研究结果表明,大叶相思为早期速生树种,具有极强的环境适应性,是首选的推广树种;红锥、荷木和樟树长速中等;红花荷为早期慢生树种。 相似文献
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尾叶桉、细叶桉、赤桉、粗皮桉、巨桉（简称桉树类，下同）和马占相思、粗果相思及薄果相思（简称相思类，下同）等８个树种，在水土严重流失的贫瘠丘陵地经７年的生长试验，结果表明：除巨桉和细叶桉在该立地生长较缓慢外，其余６个树种生长快，产量较高。尤其是尾叶桉和马占相思，７年生胸径年均生长量在１．０ｃｍ以上，单位面积生物量（地上部分鲜重，下同）为５２．６９ｔ／ｈｍ２和４３．６７ｔ／ｈｍ２。不同树种的生长比较：桉树类树种（除巨桉外）４年生以前胸径、树高和生物量生长均比相思类树种生长快，４年后相思类树种逐渐赶上或超过桉树类树种。性状生长高峰期分别为：胸径桉树类为２年生（细叶桉１年生）、相思类为３～４年生，树高桉树和相思类均为１年生，生物量桉树类为２～３年生、相思类为４～６年生。 相似文献
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指出了金合欢属大叶相思树种性状优良,是茺山造林先锋树种。对4个金合欢属树种的3年生树高、茎粗和冠幅生长量进行了比较,结果表明:肯氏相思、绢毛相思和大叶相思,其前期生长速度快于台湾相思。 相似文献
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为了探索退耕还林适宜的造林树种,在福建省福安市进行了黄底、青底、白底灰泥田的退耕还林造林树种选择试验,应用回归分析研究。结果表明,3种土壤的农田退耕还林造林的适应树种有香椿、深山含笑、邓恩桉、拟赤杨、马尾松等12种,其造林成活率均在86%以上。退耕还林造林的选择应根据立地条件、经济条件、造林目的选择最佳的造林树种,才能发挥最好的生态效益和社会效益。 相似文献
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根据我省西部的特点,论述了发展和种植柠条是我省西部造林的先锋树种,并介绍了柠条栽培技术的方法和生态及经济价值. 相似文献
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在福建三明市梅列区陈大镇棕南进行山乌桕等24个乡土阔叶树种山地造林对比试验,4年生结果显示,24个树种间的造林成活率、树高、胸径、冠幅生长量均存在极显著差异,表明山地造林成功的关键技术之一是树种选择。24种乡土阔叶树种的高生长与胸径（地径）生长均表现出极显著的正相关（P〈0.0001）。根据各树种的造林成活率与生长量的综合表现,山乌桕、枫香、山杜英、拟赤杨、石栎、木荷、杨梅在山地造林表现较优,可作为当地营造水土保持林、水源涵养林等生态公益林的首选树种。 相似文献
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用隶属函数法对大田贵竹林废弃矿区引入的10种植物的生长和生理指标进行分析。结果显示：废弃矿区植物叶片的叶绿素含量及其光合特性在种间亦存在极显著差异（P〈0.01）,表明不同植物对废弃矿区的适应是存在差异的。利用隶属函数法分析表明,邓恩桉、香樟和泡桐是废弃矿区最适宜栽植的树种,可作为废弃矿区恢复的先锋树种予以大力推广。 相似文献
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林分改造与森林环境优化 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
林分改造就是根据当地的地带性森林植被类型,有目的地选择一些适合当地生长的树种,通过人工手段对现有生态功能经济效益较差的森林进行改造,从而促进森林向地带性森林群落演替或按设计目标形成某种植物群落的一种造林方法.林分改造是对于现有林分的结构和功能的优化.文章从林分改造的原则和方法、树种选择、林分改造对土壤理化性质的影响、林分改造与生态系统服务功能等方面论述了林分改造对森林环境的优化作用及林分改造与林业生态建设的关系,综述了林分改造的相关研究,并对林分改造的技术措施做了较全面的概括. 相似文献
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To better understand the potentials of the soil seed banks in facilitating succession towards a more natural forest of native tree species, we quantified the size and composition of the soil seed banks in established plantations in South China. The seed banks were from four typical 22-year-old plantations, i.e., legume, mixed-conifer, mixed-native, and Eucalyptus overstory species. Species diversity in the seed banks was low, and the vegetation species differed from those found in the seed bank in each plantation. A total of 1211 seedlings belonging to eight species emerged in a seedling germination assay, among which Cyrtococcum patens was most abundant. All species detected were shrubs and herbs, and no viable indigenous tree seeds were found in soil samples. Size and species composition of the seed banks might be related to the overstory species compositions of the established plantations. The seed bank density in soils was highest in the mixed-conifer plantation followed by Eucalyptus, mixed-native, and legume plantations. Species richness among the seed banks of plantations was ranked as follows: Eucalyptus > mixed-conifer > mixed-native = legume. The results indicated that the soil seed banks of the current plantations are ineffective in regenerating the former communities after human disturbances. Particularly, the absence of indigenous tree species seeds in the seed banks would limit regeneration and probably contribute to arrested succession at the pioneer community stage. It would appear from these data that the soil seed banks under the current plantations should not be considered as a useful tool leading the succession to more natural stages. Introduction of target indigenous species by artificial seeding or seedling planting should be considered to accelerate forest regeneration. 相似文献
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Seed limitation of desired indigenous species has constrained the succession of established plantations from an early successional
stage, to more natural forests in South China. Because of its low cost and time-saving advantages, direct seeding has been
considered a useful method in forest regeneration. To improve our understanding of whether and how direct seeding can lead
to the establishment of indigenous tree species, we carried out an experiment in four typical plantations (eucalyptus, mixed-native,
mixed-legume, mixed-conifer) and a shrubland in South China. We also tested the effect of understory vegetation and litter
removal on seedling establishment and growth. Seeds of three indigenous tree species (Castanopsis chinensis, Cryptocarya chinensis, and Psychotria rubra) were sown with understory vegetation and litter either retained or removed. Seedling emergence, survival, and growth were
recorded for 21 months. We found that conditions that favored seedling emergence often differed from those that favored seedling
survival. While the removal of understory vegetation and litter did not influence the final seedling establishments for all
the three introduced species, growth of Psychotria rubra was influenced at several sites. Seed mass was positively correlated with seedling emergence and subsequent growth. The large-seeded
Castanopsis chinensis showed higher emergence and growth than the intermediate-seeded Cryptocarya chinensis or the small-seeded Psychotria rubra. Seedlings of Castanopsis chinensis grew better in plant communities with high understory light penetration and high soil exchangeable potassium. Growth of P. rubra seedlings decreased significantly with soil hydrolyzed nitrogen. In conclusion, direct seeding can be useful for the establishment
of indigenous tree species into plantations and shrubland. Optimizing early seedling establishment and growth will require
the selection of suitable native species for improving seedling establishment in different plantations. Additionally, understory
vegetation and litter and fertilizer should be properly managed to enhance the establishment of certain indigenous tree species. 相似文献
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选择好造林树种，抓好造林质量与头４ａ抚育管理，是改防火线为防火林带试验成功的关键，这项试验是既能使防火线起到防火作用，又不需每年维修的最有效办法。 相似文献