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为更好地分析东海海域漂流铜藻是源于舟山海域底栖铜藻的可能性,并为此提供实地生态学参考依据,本研究以枸杞岛海域底栖铜藻为对象,研究底栖铜藻植株和气囊的形态特征变化及其对海洋环境因子变化的响应,探讨底栖铜藻气囊发育成熟的窗口期。结果显示,9月铜藻植株顶部的主侧枝开始出现气囊,翌年3—5月铜藻藻体生长速率最大,3—4月主侧枝的气囊数量快速增长,4月每根主侧枝平均气囊数量达最大,气囊发育成熟。各月气囊的数量、平均长度和平均湿重的分布为顶部主侧枝中部主侧枝底部主侧枝,平均直径较均匀,底部主侧枝气囊平均体积显著小于顶部和中部的。铜藻完成生活史所需的净效积温为4 434.75°C·d,9月气囊开始出现时所需的净效积温为1 853.47°C·d,4月气囊生长发育达到峰值所需的净效积温为3 611.25°C·d。研究海域的海温变化主要受季风活动引起的海流变化影响,海水低温期后的升温条件可能是诱发铜藻快速生长的因素,较高的海温可限制铜藻的生长。 相似文献
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枸杞岛近岸3种生境鱼类群落组成及岩礁区底栖海藻对鱼类群落结构的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
2005年—2006年及2010年5—6月对枸杞岛近岸岩礁生境分布的底栖海藻进行观测和潜水采样,发现岩礁生境潮下带底栖海藻组成模式分以大型底栖海藻铜藻为优势种和以孔石莼等小型藻类为优势种两类。2009年2月—2010年1月利用组合刺网对枸杞岛海域岩礁、沙地和贻贝筏式养殖区3种生境的鱼类进行了逐月采样,通过采用方差分析、聚类和非度量多维标度等统计分析手段发现:(1) 岩礁生境鱼类以底栖趋礁杂食性为主,沙地生境鱼类以中下层洄游肉食性为主,贻贝筏式养殖区生境鱼类大型个体占优;(2) 岩礁生境鱼类多样性较高,大型底栖海藻生长的岩礁生境中鱼类群落组成较小型底栖海藻生长的岩礁生境稳定。前者为枸杞岛近岸优势种群繁衍提供有利条件,对鱼类幼体和小型个体有诱集作用,为鱼类捕食者提供更多样化的食物选择,鱼类群落较稳定;后者易受外界鱼类迁移的影响,个体数量和生物量月间差异大。 相似文献
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《中国渔业质量与标准》2016,(6)
黄海海州湾海域是中国重要的贝类养殖区之一,为阐明该海区腹泻性贝类毒素的组成成分及含量水平,保障贝类食用安全,应用固相吸附毒素示踪(solid phase adsorption toxin tracking,SPATT)技术,采用液相色谱-串联质谱(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS)检测方法,于2013年7—12月间,分别对黄海海州湾海域的连岛和秦山岛两个海区及海头和九里两个围塘海水中的大田软海绵酸(okadaic acid,OA)、鳍藻毒素-1(dinophysistoxin-1,DTX-1)、鳍藻毒素-2(dinophysistoxin-2,DTX-2)、蛤毒素(pectenotoxin-2,PTX-2)和虾夷扇贝毒素(yessotoxin,YTX)5种腹泻性贝类毒素(diarrhetic shellfish poisoning,DSP)进行定期采集和分析研究。结果显示,连岛和秦山岛海区海水中DSP成分相同,包括OA、DTX-1和PTX-2,未检出DTX-2、YTX。连岛和秦山岛海区海水中腹泻性贝类毒素含量存在空间差异性,连岛海区毒素含量普遍高于秦山岛海区;连岛和秦山岛海区海水中DSP的含量季节性变化趋势相似,OA和PTX-2在7—9月含量较高,DTX-1变化较小。在海头和九里围塘海水中检出OA和PTX-2,但含量极低;未检出DTX-1、DTX-2和YTX。近海养殖围塘受毒素污染较小,可选作经济实用的贝毒净化养殖区。研究填补了该海域贝类养殖区腹泻性贝类毒素组成成分及变化研究空白,为加强贝类毒素污染监管,保障贝类食用安全提供基础数据。 相似文献
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本研究分别对2016和2017年中国近海10个铜藻(Sargassum horneri)漂浮地理种群以及 3个定生种群的51个采集样本进行了ITS和coxI序列分析及相似性比对。结果显示,51个样本的coxI序列完全一致,ITS序列存在2个变异位点,按基因型的异同可分为4个类型,其中大连龙王塘、烟台大钦岛和南隍城岛的漂浮铜藻基因型相同,青岛金沙滩漂浮型、烟台大钦岛和大连獐子岛的定生铜藻基因型相同,威海俚岛和温州洞头的漂浮铜藻基因型相同,青岛雕塑园、王哥庄、大珠山、威海乳山的漂浮型和枸杞岛定生铜藻基因型相同,而同一种群内部即便是不同年份的个体间基因型并没有差异。基于ITS序列构建的系统树显示,来自中国的所有铜藻样本聚为一支,与来自韩国的铜藻样本有一定的遗传距离。以上结果说明,我国近海漂浮和定生铜藻的不同地理株间ITS和coxI的遗传变异水平较低,漂浮铜藻可能具有不同的来源,为进一步探明中国近海海域铜藻的分子遗传背景提供依据。 相似文献
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枸杞岛马尾藻场铜藻的生命史与形态特征 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
为了研究枸杞岛马尾藻场铜藻在整个生命周期内的生命史征及形态特征,首次对枸杞岛马尾藻场铜藻的周年生长与繁殖情况进行跟踪调查,并对株高、叶片、气囊和生殖托等16个相关的生物学参数的变化进行研究。实验结果表明,根据铜藻生命史内生物学结构的发生情况,可将铜藻在全年中的生长情况分为以下4个阶段:(1)幼苗期,在7—8月的幼苗期藻体仅由枝干、侧枝及叶片构成,期间植株以1.52 mm/d的速率生长;(2)成藻期,8月至翌年4月的成藻期植株分别在9、11及翌年4月出现气囊、次侧枝以及生殖托,铜藻的生物学结构得到完善,期间植株以2.01 mm/d的速率生长;(3)繁殖期,4月生殖托的出现标志着铜藻进入繁殖期,而5月卵子的集中散放标志着铜藻进入繁殖期的“顶点”,期间植株以3.80 mm/d的速率生长;(4)衰老和凋亡期,在5—6月的衰老及凋亡期植株不断老化并伴随着生物结构的解体,由于少数未成熟个体的补充而使得植株达到0.99 mm/d的生长速率。在所检测的16个生物学参数中,铜藻的株高、个体生物量和主侧枝长度等10个参数呈现明显的季节变动(P <0.005),马尾藻属中的这类暖温性物种展现出其介于热带物种和冷温性物种之间的物候学行为。个体内和个体间连续特征的稳定性分析表明,在10种铜藻形态学参数中主侧枝长度的稳定性最低(Ed=95),是最适宜用于种类鉴定工作的参数,这为马尾藻属种类的形态学研究及种类鉴定等工作中参数的选择提供依据。 相似文献
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为研究青岛马尾藻池塘栽培生长情况,根据池塘水环境因子(水温、盐度和pH)及青岛马尾藻的生长特性,设置了青岛马尾藻单株、两株夹苗生长对比试验和青岛马尾藻中间截断夹苗栽培试验。结果显示:池塘水温在9～18℃时,青岛马尾藻生长最快;在18～21℃时,生长缓慢;21℃以上时逐渐停止生长并出现腐烂脱落。两株夹苗模式在整个试验阶段比单株夹苗模式生长情况略好,其藻体平均体长和平均湿重相比均略大(P<0.05)。截断试验显示,藻体上半部分体长生长良好,藻体下半部分几乎未增长,但却萌发出大量侧枝。研究表明:青岛马尾藻生长受水温影响较大,夹苗密度相应大一些有利于促进生长,同时印证了马尾藻是属于顶端生长的藻体,其分生组织位于藻体顶端的生理特性。 相似文献
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为研究枸杞岛贻贝养殖海域不同季节碳通量及固碳能力, 本研究在 2020―2021 年监测和分析了养殖海域温度、盐度、pH、总碱度(TA)及水体中溶解无机碳(DIC)、溶解有机碳(DOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)分布特征, 估算了枸杞岛贻贝养殖海域表层海水二氧化碳分压(pCO2)及海–气界面二氧化碳交换通量(FCO2)值, 并分析 pCO2 的影响因素, 探讨枸杞岛贻贝养殖海域固碳能力。结果表明, 枸杞岛海域表层海水 4 个季节的温度、盐度、pH、TA、DIC、 DOC、POC 的空间分布在季节上差异极显著(P＜0.01)。枸杞岛海域 pCO2 全年的变化范围为 65.19~719.1 μatm, 水团混合和生物活动等是影响海域表层海水 pCO2 的重要因素。枸杞岛贻贝养殖海域 FCO2 值的变化范围为–63.75~ 99.18 mmol/(m2 ·d), 四季变化极显著(P＜0.01), 全年碳分布格局有较大差异, 其中, 春、夏、秋三季均为碳汇, 分别为 (–18.86±12) mmol/(m2 ·d), (–11.59±7.95) mmol/(m2 ·d), (–3.61±37.22) mmol/(m2 ·d), 冬季为碳源[(78.24±5.09) mmol/(m2 ·d)]。枸杞岛贻贝养殖区 FCO2 值均高于外海非养殖区, 且达到显著水平(P＜0.05), 是弱汇区。本研究区域内贝壳固碳量为 18425.59 t, 贻贝软组织固碳量为 4973.97 t, 单位面积贻贝固碳量达 22.83 t/hm2 。该研究可为贝类养殖碳汇评价提供参考。 相似文献
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褐菖鲉幼鱼对贻贝养殖生境的利用规律初探 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
嵊泗海域规模庞大的贻贝养殖生境发挥着养护幼鱼的海洋牧场功能,而探查当地趋礁鱼类在幼体阶段对该生境的利用规律可为当地海洋牧场的设计提供重要参考,为此2018年5—7月对舟山北部枸杞岛贻贝场的褐菖鲉幼鱼、附着生物进行了逐月调查,使用自制网具采集目标生物样品,应用相对密度指数和相关分析法分析了褐菖鲉幼鱼在该生境中的栖息密度、栖息方式和空间分布特征,采用胃含物分析法确定其食性特征,并结合耳石轮纹探究其利用该生境的生长周期。结果显示,褐菖鲉幼鱼的栖息密度时空特征上,5—7月在养殖区贻贝串上的栖息密度分别为(10±6)、(7±5)和(5±5)个/串,时间上呈现逐月递减趋势,随时间的推移养殖区外侧幼体逐渐迁移至内侧近岸区直至消失。栖息方式选择上,褐菖鲉幼鱼栖息数量与贻贝串孔隙大小和附着海藻生物量之间皆呈正相关,但并不显著。饵料利用上,养殖区褐菖鲉幼鱼总体维持较高的摄食强度,各月份平均摄食强度皆高于对照区,主要摄食对象为麦秆虫和钩虾,重量百分比为70.9%和28.3%。栖息周期上,养殖区内褐菖鲉幼鱼耳石平均轮纹数为(57±12)个,其利用养殖贻贝串的周期一般约为2～3月,且该生境中幼鱼耳石纹路间距均匀性和条纹清晰度均明显优于岩礁生境。研究表明,枸杞岛的贻贝养殖生境成为褐菖鲉幼鱼额外的栖息环境,在增殖养护褐菖鲉资源方面发挥了积极作用,因此嵊泗海域在建设海洋牧场时可依据贻贝养殖生境的资源养护原理,通过设置浮体结构强化海洋牧场的饵料场和庇护功能,以提高褐菖鲉种群的补充量,为当地休闲海钓的持续发展提供部分保障。 相似文献
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枸杞岛贻贝养殖水域碳氮磷分布格局 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
于2013年贻贝成熟期和幼苗期对枸杞岛贻贝筏式养殖水域营养分布和碳分布格局开展相关实验。结果表明:从生态健康角度,夏季成熟期的贻贝养殖造成养殖海域氮、磷营养盐浓度升高,尤其是无机氮浓度显著高于非养殖区(P<0.05),养殖区处于受磷限制性的重富营养化,对其水体健康产生一定压力;秋季幼苗期贻贝养殖使养殖海域氮、磷浓度均降低,尤其是无机氮浓度显著低于非养殖区(P<0.05),与夏季分布格局相反,对水体有净化作用。从生态效应看,贻贝养殖使表层水体中溶解无机碳浓度显著低于非养殖区(P<0.05),产生碳汇效应;同时,贻贝养殖使水体中溶解有机碳浓度显著高于非养殖区(P<0.05),由于丰富的氮营养盐,溶解有机碳处于不稳定态,为碳源。因此,成熟期与幼苗期贻贝养殖对其水域健康产生不同作用,养殖的碳汇、碳源还有待进一步的系统研究。 相似文献
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Henrice M. Jansen Sander Van Den Burg Bas Bolman Robbert G. Jak Pauline Kamermans Marnix Poelman Marian Stuiver 《Aquaculture International》2016,24(3):735-756
Following the Blue Growth ambition of the European Commission, the interest in the potential of offshore is growing. This paper aimed to contribute to the discussion on the feasibility of offshore aquaculture development and its potential for multi-use with other maritime activities. A review of national and international projects forms the basis of the paper, where the Dutch North Sea is used as a case-study area. Analysis of technical, economic and ecological boundaries indicated that the potential of fish culture is limited, that seaweed cultivation is likely to gain potential when challenges related to processing will be overcome and that mussel culture has the highest potential in the near future. The North Sea is an area where many stakeholders claim space, which might set boundaries to the number of sites available for mussel culture. Competing claims are a potential source of conflict but may also lead to mutual benefits when smart combinations are sought, e.g. with wind parks, fisheries and nature conservation; especially, the possibility of combining mussel culture in or around wind parks is worthwhile to be further explored. A spatial distribution model adapted for the Dutch North Sea conditions demonstrated that offshore mussel production in wind farms can be profitable. Yet, the commercial interest for offshore development of mussel culture is still limited. Actions required to stimulate further development of the offshore mussel industry are presented for the government, the private sector, research institutes and civil society organizations. 相似文献
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利用历史统计数据,以2000－2016年渤海发生的赤潮事件为对象,研究了赤潮发生的时空动态、赤潮生物的生态演替以及与温度、营养盐、地理水文要素和厄尔尼诺-南方涛动事件(ENSO)的关联。结果表明：(1)时间分布上,赤潮高发期为5-8月,2-4月和11月发生频次较低;(2)空间分布上,赤潮集中发生在河北秦皇岛-唐山-辽宁绥中近岸、辽宁营口鲅鱼圈附近以及渤海湾近岸海域;(3)共检出赤潮生物40种,包括甲藻18种、硅藻18种、金藻2种、褐胞藻1种,另外还有原生动物1种,其中甲藻门的夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans)、裸甲藻(Gymnodinium sp.)和亚历山大藻(Alexandrium sp.),金藻门的球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)以及硅藻门的中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、海链藻(Thalassiosira sp.)和角毛藻(Chaetoceros sp.)是渤海爆发频次较高的赤潮优势种,另外海区的赤潮生物存在着明显的生态演替现象;(4)温度和营养盐结构对赤潮爆发及其优势种演替起到关键作用,高通量的陆源污染物与弱化的水动力相互叠加为诱发赤潮提供了条件,而厄尔尼诺效应强度与赤潮发生面积呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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对青岛太平角(36°02′N,120°21′E)岩相潮间带大型海藻群落进行了为期1年(2010年5月-2011年4月)逐月的定性调查研究。结果表明:1.采集到大型海藻3门36种,其中红藻门16属19种,占52.8%;褐藻门7属10种,占27.8%;绿藻门5属7种,占19.4%。2.青岛太平角潮间带大型海藻群落的种类组成中红藻种类最多,褐藻其次,绿藻最少。3.青岛太平角潮间带群落中大型海藻的种类组成和藻总量(株)有明显的季节变化:春季海藻的种类和数量都非常大,秋冬季节其次,夏季海藻种类和数量最少。4.孔石莼、鼠尾藻和珊瑚藻为青岛太平角岩相潮间带大型海藻群落的最常见种。5.青岛夏季绿潮藻种浒苔是由其他海域漂流而来,且较其他藻种更适应夏季较高水温,使其短时间内迅速生长。 相似文献
15.
Yoshimasa Sugiura Yoshirou Takeuchi Makoto Kakinuma Hideomi Amano 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(6):1286-1291
ABSTRACT: The effects of 80% methanol extracts from frozen samples of 41 macroalgae and one sea grass collected in the Ise-Shima region of Japan were investigated on histamine release from rat basophile leukemia cells (RBL-2H3) sensitized with antidinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE and stimulated with DNP-BSA. Of the 21 brown algae, five green and 15 red algae, and one sea grass tested, only extracts from seven brown algae suppressed histamine release from RBL cells, as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. When the cytotoxic effects of the seven brown algal extracts were investigated by Trypan blue staining, only Eisenia arborea and Sargassum thunbergii did not show cytotoxic effects. Therefore, we conclude that E. arborea and S. thunbergii may contain compounds that have antiallergic effects without inducing cell death. 相似文献
16.
藻类的过度繁盛(水华)将产生大量有机质,并由此造成严重危害,而浮游细菌在有机质分解过程中的作用尚未得到充分研究。描述了2010年4-8月武汉庙湖叶绿素与不同形态氮和磷的浓度,分析了不同形态细菌的丰度和多样性(以DNA的DGGE图谱为表征)及其与胞外水解酶活性的关系。结果表明,庙湖叶绿素a与总磷浓度显著正相关(P<0.05),4月与7月的叶绿素浓度均超过120μg/L。在水华间隔期内,自由生活菌的数量大幅度升高(1.39×106～2.72×107个/mL),而附着细菌的数量则大体相近(7.77×105～4.49×106个/mL)。水华衰亡初期,二者的群落结构基本相似,并随时间逐渐分化至显著不同的程度;附着细菌的数量直接或间接地明显正比于胞外水解酶活性,在水华有机碎屑分解过程中的作用更为重要。 相似文献
17.
NATHAN M. BACHELER LORENZO CIANNELLI KEVIN M. BAILEY JANET T. DUFFY‐ANDERSON 《Fisheries Oceanography》2010,19(2):107-120
Walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma (pollock hereafter) is a key ecological and economic species in the eastern Bering Sea, yet detailed synthesis of the spatial and temporal patterns of pollock ichthyoplankton in this important region is lacking. This knowledge gap is particularly severe considering that egg and larval distribution are essential to reconstructing spawning locations and early life stages drift pathways. We used 19 yr of ichthyoplankton collections to determine the spatial and temporal patterns of egg and larval distribution. Generalized additive models (GAMs) identified two primary temporal pulses of pollock eggs, the first occurring from 20 February to 31 March and the second from 20 April to 20 May; larvae showed similar, but slightly lagged, pulses. Based on generalized cross‐validation and information theory, a GAM model that allowed for different seasonal patterns in egg density within three unique areas outperformed a GAM that assumed a single fixed seasonal pattern across the entire eastern Bering Sea. This ‘area‐dependent’ GAM predicted the highest densities of eggs (i.e., potential spawning locations) in three major areas of the eastern Bering Sea: near Bogoslof Island (February–April), north of Unimak Island and the Alaska Peninsula (March–April), and around the Pribilof Islands (April–August). Unique temporal patterns of egg density were observed for each area, suggesting that pollock spawning may be more spatially and temporally complex than previously assumed. Moreover, this work provides a valuable baseline of pollock spawning to which future changes, such as those resulting from climate variability, may be compared. 相似文献
18.
The abalone Haliotis diversicolor (Reeve) or ‘tokobushi’ is being cultured in Kagoshima, southern Japan for stock enhancement of fishing grounds. However, with decreasing catches from the wild some fishermen's group may eventually resort to rearing tokobushi until of marketable size. Growth experiments of tokobushi fed macroalgae in floating net cage and plastic tanks were conducted to evaluate the influence of culture system, macroalgal food, age and water temperature on their culture. In floating net cage, marketable sizes were obtained at the age of 457–822‐day old (15–27‐month old) with highest growth rate of 2.36% g day?1 and 0.21 mm day?1. One advantage of the plastic tank culture system was that the tokobushi shell remained clean throughout the culture period. Macroalgal food affected the growth rate; Sargassum fusiforme (Setchell)‐ and Ulva pertusa (Kjellman)‐fed tokobushi were better than Meristotheca papulosa (Montagne)‐fed. Further, 1‐year‐old tokobushi had better growth performance and condition index than the 2‐year‐old cohort, and growth rates were higher at 17°C than at 12°C. These findings should help tokobushi farmers design their mariculture scheme considering both economic and environmental aspects. 相似文献
19.
M. Hrs-Brenko 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1974,3(1):45-50
The study of mussel larvae in the northern Adriatic Sea was undertaken in order to establish the seasonal fluctuations of the larvae in the plankton. The plankton samples were collected at four stations (Limski kanal, Banjole Island, Vela Draga and Pomer Bay) from 1965 to 1972. The observations showed that there are similar patterns of the presence of mussel larvae in the plankton in the northern Adriatic Sea. In well closed localities (Limski kanal and Vela Draga Bay) with shellfish culture parks the number of mussel larvae was larger than at an open sea station (Banjole Island). In Pomer Bay, in spite of the mussel cultivation, the number of mussel larvae was low and their settlement was slight, probably due to an unfavourable environment for their reproduction or the development of larvae. The seasonal fluctuations of mussel larvae in the northern Adriatic Sea are similar to those observed in some regions of the Mediterranean sea by several authors. We can conclude that in the Mediterranean Sea the mussel larvae are present in the plankton almost throughout the year. 相似文献
20.
Jihong Zhang Derong Shang Wei Wang Zengjie Jiang Suyan Xue Jianguang Fang 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(12):1770-1777
In order to assess the potential of utilizing fouling macroalgae as feed for abalone Haliotis discus hannai, the species, biomass and total stock of fouling macroalgae attached on the aquaculture facility‐lines were investigated and assessed at Sungo Bay, China, in August 2007. The nutritional value of four fouling macroalgae (Codium fragile, Sargassum muticum, Ulva pertusa and Laminaria japonica) and one cultured macroalgae (Gracilaria lemaneiformis) as the diet of abalone was assessed by analysis of the chemical composition of the macroalgae and by measuring bioavailability and digestibility to abalone H. discus hannai under laboratory conditions in August 2007. The results showed that the biomass of fouling macroalgae at the two sites was 243.61 ± 26.23 and 1078.15 ± 50.28 g m?1 respectively. The contents of protein of G. lemaneiformis and C. fragile were 18.30% and 17.60%, respectively, which were significantly higher than the others. The five macroalgae were accepted by the abalone, and growth energies (P) and growth efficiency (%) were positive. However, significant differences were found among the different macroalgae. The growth efficiencies of abalone show a negative relationship with the levels of dietary lipid and a positive relationship with the protein contents. These results suggest that fouling macroalgae have a great potential to be used as diets of abalone. 相似文献