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1.
A three year old Rhodesian Ridgeback dog with a history of a small draining tract in the dorsal cervical area, was found to have a dermoid sinus on surgical exploration. The affected tissue was removed and histopathology done. The sinus is an inherited condition in this breed of dog, with surgical correction and neutering of affected individuals the treatments of choice to reduce the incidence of the dermoid sinus condition in the next generation.  相似文献   

2.
A sinsus mucocele formed in the frontal sinus of a dog secondary to obstruction of the nasofrontal opening. The dog was successfully treated by surgical enlargement of the nasofrontal opening, curettage of the sinus epithelium, and placement of a fat graft and drain in the sinus. Although mucocele formation is uncommon in animals, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis for masses of the sinonasal area. Characteristic radiographic and cytologic findings should alert the clinician to this diagnosis, and along with aggressive treatment, should shorten the diagnostic and treatment delay experienced by the dog in this report.  相似文献   

3.
A 1-year-old male Cane Corso was presented for progressive hindlimb neurologic deficits, with a history of suspected recurrent meningitis. Physical examination and advanced diagnostic imaging findings were suggestive of a thoracic dermoid sinus extending into the dura mater, and spina bifida. After initial medical treatment, the lesion was surgically excised, and the presence of an intramedullary cyst in continuation with the dermoid sinus was confirmed, requiring partial durectomy and myelotomy for removal. Histopathological examination of the excised tissue confirmed the diagnosis of a dermoid sinus associated with an intramedullary dermoid cyst. After surgery, the dog temporarily declined neurologically but then showed progressive neurological improvement. This report describes presentation and successful surgical treatment of a type IVa dermoid sinus associated with an intramedullary dermoid cyst and spina bifida in a dog.  相似文献   

4.
Suture sinuses developed in the linea alba of two dogs, associated with monofilament, nonabsorbable suture material. Knot bulk and irritation was thought to be the most important factor in sinus development in one dog, while infection was thought the most important factor in the other dog. Both dogs responded to aggressive surgical resection of the affected tissue and the offending suture. The factors responsible for suture sinus formation and the management of such are discussed.  相似文献   

5.
A 3-year-old healthy dog was presented for abdominal surgery following ingestion of razor blades. An electrocardiogram revealed a regular sinus bradycardia with normal P waves at a heart rate of 45 bpm. In addition, low-amplitude positive deflections (p′ waves) were visualized at a regular interval and rapid rate of 250 bpm, dissociated from the normal sinus P waves. A tentative diagnosis of atrial dissociation was proposed. Administration of lidocaine abolished the p′ waves. This case describes atrial dissociation observed following premedication that was successfully terminated using lidocaine in a healthy dog.  相似文献   

6.
An 18-month-old male Dalmatian dog was presented for veterinary evaluation after the pet owner observed a sudden onset of weakness. An acquired continuous cardiac murmur was detected on physical examination. Two-dimensional echocardiographic examination revealed structural abnormalities of the proximal aorta and pulmonic valve. Doppler echocardiographic studies and cardiac catheterization demonstrated the presence of a proximal aorticopulmonary shunt. A diagnosis of left aortic sinus rupture and aorticopulmonary fistula was made. Antemortem diagnosis of aortic sinus rupture in the dog has not, to our knowledge, been reported previously. The anatomical variant of left aortic sinus rupture resulting in the development of a fistula from the aorta to the main pulmonary artery is, apparently, uncommon in all species.  相似文献   

7.
An eight-year old Rottweiler dog was presented with signs of enophthalmia, ptosis, anisocoria and mydriasis of the right eye, which showed visual disturbance, reduced or absent reflexes, and ophthalmoplegia. Consensual pupillary light reflex was also absent in the left eye. These neurological deficits were compatible with cavernous sinus syndrome. Computed tomography images of the cavernous sinus and the optical fissure revealed a mildly calcified mass arising from the right presphenoid bone extending further caudally into the orbital foramina. This extension of the mass affected the normal function of several cranial nerves. The dog was euthanased within one year of the initial presentation following development of forebrain signs. A chondrosarcoma was diagnosed histologically after necropsy.  相似文献   

8.
A 1-year-old male Boxer dog presented with sustained supraventricular tachycardia and tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. Conversion to sinus rhythm was achieved initially with intravenous lignocaine and subsequently with oral procainamide. Oral procainamide treatment was relatively successful in maintaining normal sinus rhythm with no side effects apart from a reversible change in coat colour. Electrophysiological studies demonstrated the presence of an accessory pathway connecting the right atrium to the right ventricle and confirmed the diagnosis of orthodromic atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia. Radiofrequency catheter ablation of the accessory pathway led to permanent resolution of the supraventricular tachycardia and for 9.5 years the dog has had no further signs of cardiac disease. The successful treatment of this condition highlights the importance of differentiating tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy from dilated cardiomyopathy.  相似文献   

9.
A six‐year‐old female spayed mixed‐breed dog was referred following a 3‐week history of lameness and progressive neurological deficits in both hindlimbs, and a 1‐week history of a cardiac arrhythmia. The dog was diagnosed with hypothyroidism, atrial fibrillation, myocardial dysfunction and arterial thromboembolism. Cardioversion occurred after 2 weeks of levothyroxine supplementation, with improved systolic function over time. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case reported in the veterinary or human literature documenting hypothyroidism with persistent atrial fibrillation being converted to sinus rhythm with levothyroxine as sole therapy.  相似文献   

10.
Five dogs with nasal aspergillosis were treated by surgical exposure and delayed closure of the nasal cavity and involved frontal sinus. Diseased tissue was excised, and 10% povidone-iodine solution was applied three times daily with cotton-tipped applicators. Skin wounds were closed at weeks 6 through 8. In one dog, the frontal sinus was partially obliterated with a temporalis muscle flap before skin closure. At months 6 through 34, all dogs were clinically free of aspergillosis. Open treatment has potential clinical application as a primary approach to nasal aspergillosis or for cases that are unresponsive to previous medical management.  相似文献   

11.
OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical features, diagnostic imaging abnormalities, underlying disease, disease progression, and outcome in dogs with bilateral cavernous sinus syndrome. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 6 dogs. PROCEDURE: Dogs were included if clinical signs consistent with bilateral cavernous sinus syndrome (i.e., deficits of the third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerves and at least 1 of the first 2 branches of the fifth cranial nerve) were present and a lesion of the cavernous sinus was identified by means of diagnostic imaging or postmortem examination. RESULTS: 5 dogs were evaluated because of problems referable to abnormal ocular motility or pupillomotor dysfunction, and 1 dog was evaluated because of partial motor seizures involving the face and bilateral mydriasis. Four dogs had neurologic signs referable to an extrasinusoidal lesion at the time of initial examination, and the remaining 2 dogs eventually developed extrasinusoidal signs. Besides neuroanatomic location, the only consistent neuroimaging feature was variably intense, heterogeneous enhancement of cavernous sinus lesions. Neoplasia was histologically confirmed as the underlying cause in 5 of the dogs and was suspected in the remaining dog. Median survival time for the 4 dogs that were treated was 199 days (range, 16 to 392 days). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that bilateral cavernous sinus syndrome is rare in dogs but should be suspected in dogs with compatible clinical signs. Affected dogs have a poor prognosis, and dogs with clinical signs of bilateral cavernous sinus syndrome should be systematically evaluated for neoplastic disease.  相似文献   

12.
Rostral and middle cranial fossa tumors affecting the optic chiasm and resulting in acute visual deficits were diagnosed in 7 dogs and 1 cat. Blindness and dilated nonresponsive pupils were the primary signs in all animals. Other concurrent neurologic deficits were either absent or were equivocal. Behavioral changes, including signs of depression and lethargy, were noticed in 1 dog and the cat subsequent to the onset of blindness. Retinal function was assessed as normal by electroretinography in all animals. The histologic necropsy diagnosis was pituitary carcinoma in 1 dog and the cat and paranasal sinus carcinoma with intracranial extension in 1 dog. A cytologic diagnosis of polycentric lymphosarcoma affecting the optic chiasm was diagnosed in 1 dog. In the remaining 4 dogs, results of computed tomographic imaging or endocrine function testing suggested pituitary gland neoplasia. Four dogs were treated with cobalt-60 radiation or chemotherapy. There was partial return of visual function in only 1 of the dogs treated with radiation.  相似文献   

13.
Nephro-cutaneous fistula, although reported in humans, has not been reported in the dog. In humans the majority of cases develop in patients with a history of previous renal surgery, renal trauma, renal tumours, or chronic urinary tract infection with abscess formation. The dog in this report developed a nephro-cutaneous fistula secondary to a traumatic induced renal abscess with formation of a draining sinus tract to the exterior of the body. The animal underwent simple nephrectomy, which resulted in complete resolution of the fistula.  相似文献   

14.
A 12-year-old spayed female German shorthaired pointer dog sustained extensive bite wounds around the neck. At presentation, atrial fibrillation was identified with a rapid ventricular response rate of 300 beats per minute (bpm). The ventricular response rate rapidly decreased to 130 bpm following administration of hydromorphone and oxygen. Based on the rate, antiarrhythmic therapy was not initiated. The heart rhythm converted back to sinus rhythm by the time of the first recheck evaluation 2 days later, and the dog remained in sinus rhythm at all subsequent evaluations. With the resolution of the arrhythmia, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation was suspected. The underlying etiology of the arrhythmia was not determined; however, imbalances in autonomic tone associated with trauma and/or direct trauma to the heart were hypothesized.Key clinical message:This report indicates a possible role of imbalances in autonomic tone due to trauma in the development of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and suggests that it should be a differential diagnostic consideration in patients with atrial fibrillation following trauma. Primary treatment of atrial fibrillation may not be needed in these cases if the ventricular response rate is not rapid, or if there is spontaneous conversion to sinus rhythm.  相似文献   

15.
Lateral rostrotentorial and caudal suboccipital approaches to the brain were performed on six beagles. Intracranial pressure (ICP) was measured as the two craniectomies were connected by removing the bone of the nuchal crest and occluding the transverse venous sinus. Intracranial pressure remained constant after acute occlusion of the sinus with bone wax and there was no gross evidence of brain edema. All six dogs survived the surgery and five dogs survived for a minimum of 3 months. One dog died acutely during the postoperative period. The exact cause of the cerebellar hemorrhage and infarction found at necropsy in the latter dog was not evident. Anemia occurred in three of the six dogs as a result of intraoperative hemorrhage. All dogs surviving the perioperative period had mild, transient hypermetria and conscious proprioceptive deficits, but were neurologically normal 72 hours after surgery. Results of this study indicate that acute, unilateral transverse sinus occlusion is possible without an increase in ICP. The ability to do this allows access to the rostral aspect of the ipsilateral cerebellum and brain stem.  相似文献   

16.
Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) were performed on a dog with a two year history of unilateral exophthalmos occurring two years following head trauma. On CT images, an expansile enhancing mass was present along the right intracranial cavernous sinus and extended through the orbital fissure into the retrobulbar space. With MRI, the structure appeared as a signal void due to the presence of rapidly flowing blood. Gadolinium enhancement of the adjacent brain was not present. A vascular origin of the lesion was confirmed with MRA. Based on the CT and MRI findings, the enlarged cavernous sinus and associated ophthalmic plexus were believed to represent an arterialized aneurysm, most likely the result of traumatic arteriovenous fistulization. Treatment consisted of surgical enucleation. At the time of this report, 29 mouths later, the dog remains free of clinical signs.  相似文献   

17.
Intravenous administration of verapamil at low dosage was effective in reversal of atrial tachycardia of unknown origin in a dog. The sinus rhythm remained normal for 24 hours before it reverted back to atrial tachycardia. A second IV administration of verapamil was effective in reversal of the atrial tachycardia, and a tapering dosage of verapamil, PO, was used to maintain normal sinus rhythm.  相似文献   

18.

Objective

To describe the presentation of rebound hyperkalemia as a delayed side effect of albuterol toxicity in a dog.

Case Summary

A 3-year-old female neutered mixed-breed dog was presented for albuterol toxicosis that led to a severe hypokalemia, hyperlactatemia, and hyperglycemia. The dog also experienced sinus tachycardia and generalized weakness. Treatment was instituted with intravenous fluid therapy and potassium supplementation, and the dog was monitored with a continuous electrocardiogram. Resolution of hypokalemia was documented 12 hours after initial presentation, at which time fluid therapy and potassium supplementation were discontinued. There were no further periods of sinus tachycardia, but instead the dog developed ventricular ectopy with rapid couplets (instantaneous rates of 300/min). An echocardiogram revealed normal cardiac size and function. Twenty-four hours after presentation, the patient developed severe hyperkalemia, despite discontinuation of fluids and potassium supplementation for 12 hours. Serial venous and urinary electrolytes were performed for determination of the fractional excretion of electrolytes. These data confirmed rebound hyperkalemia (7.0 mmol/L), consistent with a markedly increased fractional excretion of potassium, and secondary to the release of potassium from inside the cells. Fluid therapy with dextrose supplementation was provided until 36 hours postpresentation. The hyperkalemia resolved, and the dog was discharged after 44 hours of hospitalization.

New or Unique Information Provided

This case documents rebound hyperkalemia following treatment of albuterol toxicosis in a dog. This case highlights the importance of understanding the distribution of total body potassium when treating serum hypokalemia. Transcellular shifts of potassium, as in the case of albuterol toxicosis, can lead to rebound hyperkalemia even after discontinuation of potassium supplementation. This case further explores the utility of fractional excretion of electrolytes in elucidating the etiology and management of electrolyte disturbances.  相似文献   

19.
Objective— To describe a technique of decompressive craniotomy with cystoperitoneal shunt (CPS) placement for treatment of canine intracranial arachnoid cyst (IAC), and to evaluate outcome in 4 dogs. Study Design— Retrospective study. Animals— Dogs (n=4) with IAC. Methods— Medical records of dogs diagnosed with IAC by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; 3 dogs) or computed tomography (CT; 1 dog) were evaluated. All dogs had varying degrees of neurologic dysfunction before surgery. A combined lateral (rostrotentorial)/suboccipital craniotomy was performed sacrificing the transverse sinus on the operated side. The rostral (ventricular) end of a low‐pressure valve shunt (3.0 mm outer diameter, 7.0 cm length) was placed transversely into the cyst cavity; the distal end was placed in the peritoneal cavity. All dogs were rechecked at various intervals by ≥1 of the authors either directly, by telephone consultation with owners, or both. Three dogs were imaged postoperatively (CT–1 dog; MRI–1; ultrasonography–1). Results— Intraoperative complications were limited to excessive transverse sinus hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion in 1 dog. There were no postoperative complications. Clinical signs of neurologic dysfunction resolved in 3 dogs and improved substantially in 1 dog. The latter dog required long‐term, low‐dose corticosteroid therapy. No dogs required repeat surgery. Mean follow‐up time was 23.8 months (range, 12–43 months). Collapse of the intracranial cyst was verified in 3 dogs with repeat imaging. In 2 dogs, there was no evidence of the cyst on CT or MRI; in the third dog, a small amount of fluid was demonstrated rostral to the cerebellum on ultrasonography, but there was no identifiable cyst. In 1 dog, the rostral aspect of the shunt had shifted; however, this was not associated with any clinical deterioration. Conclusion— Craniotomy with CPS placement was well tolerated and resulted in sustained improvement or resolution of dysfunction. Cyst decompression was verified in 3 dogs that were re‐imaged. None of the patients required re‐operation. Excessive transverse sinus hemorrhage is a potential danger that may necessitate blood transfusion. Other IAC patients treated with this method will need to be evaluated to fully evaluate its effectiveness. Clinical Significance— Craniotomy with CPS placement may be an effective treatment method for dogs clinically affected with IAC.  相似文献   

20.
A 5·5‐year‐old male castrated Bernese mountain dog presented with respiratory difficulties and was diagnosed with haemorrhagic pericardial effusion which transformed into chylopericardium. Thoracic duct ligation and subtotal pericardiectomy in combination with biopsy of an enlarged tracheobronchial lymph node were performed. Multiple clusters of mesothelial cell emboli were observed in the subcapsular sinus of the lymph node. No causative agent for the pericardial effusion could be identified, suggesting that this is a case of mesothelial cell embolisation associated with idiopathic ‐chylopericardium in a dog.  相似文献   

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