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1.
水产饲料离体消化率测定方法及其应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
1基本原理离体消化率测定的基本原理是模拟试验动物的消化生理条件,以动物消化道内酶液或人工酶液为消化酶,利用酶催化反应的作用原理,在试管、三角瓶等容器内对饲料物质进行离体消化水解作用,对水解后饲料进行过滤或离心处理,以得到其残渣。将溶解于水体的饲料物质或饲料成分视为已经被消化了的产物,分析消化前饲料和消化后残渣的量或营养成分量,以此计算饲料或饲料成分的消化率:消化率(%)=[(饲料量或饲料某营养成分量-残渣量或残渣某营养成分量)/饲料量或饲料某营养成分量]×100离体消化率计算方法类似于全收粪消化率测定方法,是以消化前… 相似文献
2.
单胃动物体外消化模拟技术研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文从畜禽消化道模拟部位、消化酶的来源和分离已消化养分的方法等几方面对单胃动物体外消化模拟技术进行了归类和总结。并通过对各种体外消化模拟方法的特点、预测饲料养分体内消化率和评定饲料营养价值可靠性等方面的比较分析,总结了各种体外消化模拟技术的优缺点及所存在的问题。同时,针对单胃动物体外消化模拟技术今后的发展方向提出了建议。 相似文献
3.
微贮饲料是广泛运用于草食动物饲养生产中一项实用生产技术,是目前粗饲料加工中普遍采用的技术手段,在生产实践中被多数养殖户所接受。但是,有的养殖户并不十分熟悉微贮饲料的制作要领,发生微贮饲料制作失败或者产品损失现象。笔者根据多年实践体会,将微贮饲料制作技术以及原理做简要介绍,供广大养殖户参考。1微贮饲料原理微贮饲料是由微贮原料在密闭无氧的环境中,利用厌氧菌发酵,使原料中所含的糖分变为有机酸——主要是乳酸。当乳酸在微贮原料中累积到一定浓度时,抑制了其它微生物的活动,防止原料中的养分继续分解,从而达到了保护原料中养分的一种饲料制作方法。 相似文献
4.
有些地区种植新鲜植物饲料较多 ,在淡季时节为了使动物吃上营养价值好的新鲜青绿饲料需对青绿饲料进行加工制成青贮饲料 ,其加工技术直接影响着青贮饲料的营养价值。青贮饲料是将含有一定水分的新鲜植物饲料放在不含空气的密闭容器 (窖、缸 )内 ,通过微生物 (乳酸菌 )厌氧发酵 ,将饲料中糖转变成乳酸 ,增加酸度防止养分分解 ,保存其养分 ,达到保存、保鲜的目的。1 青贮过程1 1 植物呼吸 收割的植物在两三天期间仍然进行呼吸 ,消耗氧气释放出二氧化碳 ,这个过程不但要损失糖类等养分 ,同时也产热。所以 ,青贮饲料中空气不宜太多 ,青贮中… 相似文献
5.
仿生法评定几种猪常用植物性饲料原料磷体外透析率 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验通过比较不同截留分子质量(MWCO)透析袋条件下几种饲料原料的总磷与无机磷体外透析率,探讨采用SDS-Ⅰ型仿生消化系统进行饲料磷体外透析率快速测定的可行性。试验1通过测定玉米、豆粕和麦麸的仿生消化残渣中总磷及透析液中无机磷含量,研究MWCO分别为14 000和3 500 u的透析袋分离无机磷与有机磷的有效性,探讨消化残渣总磷测定法评定饲料磷体外透析率的可行性。试验2通过测定仿生消化透析液中无机磷含量,分别评定M WCO为14 000和3 500 u透析袋条件下玉米、豆粕、米糠、菜籽粕及麦麸磷的体外透析率,探讨透析液无机磷测定法评定饲料磷体外透析率的可行性。结果表明:1)2种透析袋条件下消化残渣总磷测定法测得透析液中均存在有机磷,表明MWCO 3 500 u透析袋仍然没有将有机磷完全截留,没有达到有机磷与无机磷有效分离的目的。2)MWCO 14 000 u透析袋条件下,透析液无机磷测定法测得饲料磷体外透析率结果显著高于MWCO 3 500 u透析袋条件下测定结果(P<0.05)。3)仿生消化法测得饲料磷体外透析率的变异系数均在4%以下,低于其他研究者报道的结果。综上所述,MWCO 3 500 u透析袋无法实现饲料中无机磷与有机磷的有效分离,因此消化残渣总磷测定法不适用于饲料磷体外透析率的研究;MWCO 14 000 u透析袋条件下透析液无机磷测定法,试验测值和精度都较高,更适宜于仿生法评定饲料磷体外透析率的研究。 相似文献
6.
旨在探究维甲酸(RA)对体外热处理猪精子活力、抗氧化性能及其糖脂代谢的影响。将相同来源的精液离心重悬于EBSS培养基，随机分为5组，在39℃环境条件下分别孵育0、1、2、3和4 h后，测定精子活力，筛选合适的孵育时间。将相同来源精液离心重悬后，随机分为6组：对照(CON)组、10、50、100、1 000 nmol·L-1 RA组和DMSO组，在39℃环境条件下孵育3 h,测定精子活力，筛选RA适宜添加剂量。将相同来源精液离心重悬后，随机分为4组：37℃、37℃+RA、39℃、39℃+RA。37℃+RA组和39℃+RA组培养基中RA浓度为100 nmol·L-1,37℃组和39℃组培养基中不含RA,37℃组和37℃+RA组于37℃环境下孵育，39℃组和39℃+RA组于39℃下孵育，测定精子活力，并利用蛋白荧光免疫方法，检测维甲酸受体α(RARα)蛋白定位表达，收集精子用于精子抗氧化和糖脂代谢指标的测定。结果显示：1)39℃处理条件下，随着孵育时间的增加，精子的运动性能逐渐变差。2)39℃处理3 h条件下，RA能改善精子运动性能，且浓度为100... 相似文献
7.
龙游县地力国营寺后农场,为了开辟饲料来源,充分利用饲料代用品,并减低养猪成本,在今年六月份试用了桕籽饼喂猪。桕籽饼也叫桕饼或蜡饼,它是桕籽外表的蜡质榨制桕油的残渣,有机质和油蜡含量多,每100斤中合脂肪38.84斤(其他养分尚未分析)。桕饼经过试验,是可以代替精料喂猪的。寺后农场经过25天的饲养观察,证明桕饼与其他饲料配合起来喂养大猪,有一定效果。农场饲养的7只黑色龙游本地猪(90—120斤),当时所用的饲料主要是花草干(较 相似文献
8.
文章旨在探讨日粮添加不同水平的木薯残渣替代水稻秸秆对肉牛生长性能、养分消化及瘤胃发酵性能的影响。试验将体重接近的96头肉牛随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复8头牛。在为期140 d的饲养试验期间,对照组肉牛饲喂水稻秸秆为24%的全混合日粮,T1和T2组饲喂用50%和100%木薯残渣替代水稻秸秆的全混合日粮。结果：随日粮木薯残渣替代水稻秸秆水平的升高,71～140 d肉牛的平均日增重显著升高（P＜0.05）。24%木薯残渣组140 d肉牛的体重、71～140 d饲料报酬及1～140 d平均日增重和饲料报酬均显著高于24%水稻秸秆组（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比,24%木薯残渣组显著减低了肉牛中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维摄入量（P＜0.05）,但有机物和中性洗涤纤维表观消化率显著提高（P＜0.05）。随着日粮木薯残渣替代水稻秸秆水平的升高,细菌总数表现为显著升高（P＜0.05）,但白色瘤胃球菌数量表现为显著降低（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比,12%和24%木薯残渣组瘤胃产琥铂酸丝状杆菌和产甲烷菌数量表现为显著降低（P＜0.05）。结论：在本研究条件下,用100%的木薯残渣替代水稻秸秆可以提高肉牛的饲料效率和纤维表观消化率,降低甲烷排放量。
[关键词]木薯残渣|肉牛|生长性能|养分消化|瘤胃发酵 相似文献
9.
优化日粮配方是减少反刍动物甲烷产生的最有效途径。本研究利用体外瘤胃液发酵技术,对14种饲料原料(糠麸、植物蛋白和谷物)体外发酵性能相关性及产甲烷潜力进行评估。根据各成分的产甲烷量将饲料配方分为高产、中产和低产类型,然后进行体外发酵,以确定实际产甲烷量及其对消化率的影响。结果:3类原料中总可消化养分水平最高的分别是棕榈粕、玉米DDGS和小麦。糠麸原料pH与除乙酸与丙酸比值外的所有参数均呈负相关,而乙酸与丙酸比值与除pH、CO2外的所有参数均呈负相关,植物蛋白原料pH和乙酸与丙酸比值呈正相关,而这两个参数与其他参数呈负相关,而谷物原料为基质进行体外发酵时,pH与乙酸与丙酸比值为正相关,而与其他参数表现为负相关。当以玉米皮、棉粕和大麦作为基质孵育72 h后,甲烷产量最低,而以本地麸皮、豆粕和玉米为基质时,甲烷产量最高。结论:低产甲烷饲料配方可以降低甲烷产量,但提高了非纤维碳水化物、总可消化养分和挥发性脂肪酸产量。 相似文献
10.
逯登忠 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2008,38(1):64-64
青贮饲料是将含有一定水分的新鲜植物饲料经切碎后放在密闭容器(窖、壕、塔、池、袋)内,通过微生物(乳酸菌)厌氧发酵,达到保存、保鲜目的而制成的饲料. 相似文献
11.
Owen J Slocombe D McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1986,27(9):324-328
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).
Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.
相似文献12.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1989,30(6):504-508
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%). 相似文献
13.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1985,26(10):323-327
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.
Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.
相似文献14.
15.
Slocombe JO Villeneuve A 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1993,34(10):630-633
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium. 相似文献
16.
In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.
Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.
相似文献17.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1988,29(8):641-646
In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%). 相似文献
18.
Owen J Slocombe D McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1987,28(8):491-495
In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).
Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.
相似文献19.
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Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1984,25(9):347-350
In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.
Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.
相似文献